A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea Author Chen, Xin Author He, Hai Author Zhang, Li-Bing 1 Department of Botany, College of Boology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Xuanwu Qu, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China 2 College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400047, P. R. China 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 - 0299, U. S. A. and Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China * Authors for correspondence: e-mails: hehaicq @ yahoo. com; libing. zhang @ mobot. org hehaicq@yahoo.com text Phytotaxa 2015 2015-10-02 229 1 448 450 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.229.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.229.1.1 1179-3163 13632375 62. Anisophyllea schatzii Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He in Chen et al. (2013: 43) ( Figure 122 ) Type :— MADAGASCAR . Analanjirofo ( NE of former Toamasina ): Nosy Mangabe , 5 km from Maroantsetra , 15°30’S , 49°46’E , below 330 m , 09 January 1989 , G . E . Schatz & J . S . Miller 2571 ( holotype MO-3707287 !, isotype P-05514909!) . Trees to 20 m tall; young branches densely hairy with two types of brownish or reddish hairs (of pannose with appressed hairs ca. 0.16 mm long and of hirsute with patent or ascending hairs up to 1.3 or rarely 2.0 mm long), while ±pannose or glabrescent when mature, with prominent pulvini; buds densely pannose. Leaves dimorphic, internodes between similar types of leaves 1.2–3.0 cm long, between two adjacent different types of leaves 5–8 mm long; small leaves caducous, sessile, leaf blade linear or narrowly lanceolate, 5–8 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, base acute, apex narrowly acuminate, glabrous adaxially, sparsely pilose abaxially with hairs to 0.8 mm long, margins pilose-ciliate, lateral veins 2–3, obscure; large leaves petiolate, petiole 2–3 mm long, 0.8–1.6 mm in diam., densely pilose; leaf blade elliptic or lanceolate, 5–11 cm long, 2.0– 3.5 cm wide, base slightly oblique, acute, apex acute or narrowly acuminate, to 1.5 cm long, margins slightly revolute, pilose-ciliate when young, quite glabrous when mature, thickly chartaceous, hairy as young branches abaxially; main longitudinal veins 5–6, springing from blade 158 • Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press CHEN ET AL. FIGURE 122. Anisophyllea schatzii Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He. —A. Flowering branch ( G. E. Schatz & J. S. Miller 2571 ; holotype, MO-3707287). —B. Flower. —C. Petal. —D. Stamen. —E. Styles and disk (Drawn by Fang Cui & Junsheng Shu). MONOGRAPH OF ANISOPHYLLEACEAE Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 159 base, inner 1–2 lateral veins often merged with midrib to 2 cm above blade base before separated, impressed adaxially and distinctly raised abaxially, outermost two veins rather fine, close to blade margins and one usually disappearing into blade margin if 6 main veins present, flat adaxially and prominent abaxially, midrib straight and lateral veins curved, all reaching blade apex and ending at a thickened glandular point; transverse veins parallel, at angles of 45–50° with midrib; veinlets reticulate, slightly prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescence a spike, solitary, axillary or at base of young branches; rachis ascending, to 10 cm long, 0.5 mm in diam., sparsely pubescent with brownish appressed or ascending hairs most often 0.10–0.25 mm long (sporadically with fewer hairs to 0.6 mm long); bracts narrowly lanceolate, to 1.2 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, glabrous adaxially, sparsely pubescent as rachis, margins ciliate, early deciduous, each often with one axillary flower; flower buds ±quadrangular, to 1.3 mm long, 1 mm in diam., sparsely pubescent outside with appressed hairs ca. 0.13 mm long. Flowers bisexual, 4–5-merous, sessile; receptacle cylindrical, ±quadrangular, 1.0– 1.3 mm long, pubescent outside; sepals deltoid, apex acute, to 1.2 mm long, 1.1 mm wide at base, glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially, margins shortly ciliate; petals to 1.1 mm long, base entire, ca. 0.25 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, distally irregularly laciniate to nearly 1/4 from base, laciniae 5–10, threadlike, to 0.8 mm long, resembling filaments, tips with a globose white anther-like swelling; stamens 8–10, equal in length, 0.8–1.1 mm long, base clavate and dilated, ca. 0.3 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, glabrous, anthers subglobose, ca. 0.2 mm long; disk lobed, glabrous; styles 4–5, 1.4–1.7 mm long, base conically broadened, ca. 0.3 mm long, 0.2 mm in diam., pubescent with yellowish hairs ca. 0.06 mm long, distally attenuate and tortuously recurved toward apex, glabrous. Fruit a drupe, ovate, to 2.5 cm long, to 1.6 cm in diam., with 8 ribs, obtuse at both ends, apex with persistent floral parts. Flowering and fruiting: —Flowering in January–October; fruiting throughout the year. Habitat and distribution: —Lowland humid forests; below 400(–1200) m. Madagascar (e.g., Alaotra Mangoro, Analanjirofo, Atsinanana, Sava, Vatovavy-Fitovinany) ( Figure 123 ). FIGURE 123. Geographical distribution of Anisophyllea schatzii Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He. Taxonomic notes: — Anisophyllea schatzii is similar to the western African species A. meniaudi , but is different from the latter by its ovate fruits with eight longitudinal ribs, by the pannose and hirsute mixture of indumentum on young branches, by the pannose buds, and by its narrower leaves with shorter petioles. 160 • Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press CHEN ET AL. Anisophyllea schatzii is also similar to A. fallax , from which it differs in young branches with much longer hairs, spikes with rachis to 10 cm long (almost double the length of those of A. fallax ), styles with yellowish short hairs, and fruits with obvious ribs. In addition, it has leaves with a narrower and/or elongated apex and a mixture of hairs on abaxial surface rather than pannose hairs only. The epithet of this species honors George Schatz , a specialist of Malagasy botany based at Missouri Botanical Garden , who collected three specimens of this species, including the type material . Additional specimens examined: — MADAGASCAR . Alaotra Mangoro ( Toamasina ): 19°29’00”S 48°04’00”E , December 1927 , H . Perrier de la Bâthie 14142 ( P ). Analanjirofo : Baie d’Antongil , plage d’Ambanizana , 15°30’S , 49°58’E , below 50 m , 12 May 1988 , Floret 2008 ( MO , P ); Masoala Peninsula, south of the village of Ambanizana in the Andranobe River Watershed , 15°40’24”S 49°57’51”E , 110–260 m , 20 December 1994 , N . Vasey & R . Behasy 249 ( MO ); Nosy Mangabe , 5 km S of Maroantsetra in the Bay of Antongil , 15°29’S , 49°45’E , below 330 m , 29 May 1990 , Betsy Carlson 272 ( MO ); Nosy Mangabe , Baie d’Antongil , 15°30’S , 49°46’E , 50–150 m , 5 May 1988 , J . J . Floret 1989 ( MO , P ); Nosy Mangabe , a 520 hectare island 5 km from Maroantsetra in the Bay of Antongil , 15°30’S , 49°46’E , below 330 m , 13–19 December 1989 , George E . Schatz 2849 ( MO , P ); 15°30’S , 49°46’E , below 330 m , 13–23 April 1988 , George E . Schatz & A . H . Gentry 2284 ( MO ); Tamatave , 15°28’49”S 49°46’00”E , 20 January 2006 , D. C . Daly , J . Raharimampionona , J . Razanatzoa , et al. 12995 ( MO , P ); Tampolo Forest Station , ca. 10 km N of Fenerive , 17°17’00”S 49°23’30”E , 10 m , 23 January 1986 , Laurence J . Dorr 4635, 4644 ( MO , P ). Atsinanana ( Toamasina ): [ 17°55’00”S 49°13’00”E ], 27 May 1950 , Reserve Naturelle 2619 ( P ); Soanierana Ivongo, [ 16°54’30”S 49°35’00”E ], April 1950 , Service Forestier 21-R-72 ( P , TEF ); Tamatave(?), July 1850 , M . Boivin 2253 ( P ); January 1954 , Service Forestier ( Capuron ) 8902 ( P ). Sava : Marojejy Nature Reserve , 14°28’S , 49°48’E , 80–100 m , 07 February 1988 , James S . Miller & Porter P . Lowry II 3847 ( MO ). Vatovavy-Fitovinany : Ambatolampy , Canton et district de Fort-Carnot Forêt , bord de ruisseau, sol latéritique, clairière, [ 21°54’00”S 47°26’00”E ], 22 June 1951 , Service Forestier 61-R-144 ( P ); Amboanato , canton et district Mananjary , [ 21°08’30”S 48°23’00”E ], 17 October 1954 , Service Forestier 13671 ( P , TEF ); Ambodiamba , Canton d’Ampasimparihy , District de Mananjary , [ 21°31’S , 48°02’E ], 24 January 1955 , Service Forestier 15467 ( P , TEF ) .