The Malagasy Goblin Spiders Of The New Genus Malagiella (Araneae, Oonopidae) Author Ubick, Darrell Author Griswold, Charles E. text Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 2011-08-10 2011 356 1 86 http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/356.1 journal article 10.1206/356.1 0003-0090 5408394 Malagiella ranomafana , new species Figures 7–116 , 200–235 , 463, 466, 467 , 475, 478 , 481 , 487 ; maps 1–4; table 1 TYPE: Male holotype , female allotype , and female paratype from Talatakely, P.N. Ra- nomafana, 21 ° 159S, 47 ° 259E, 900 m , Fianarantsoa Province , Madagascar ( 5–7 Dec 1993 , N. Scharff, S. Larcher, C. Griswold, R. Andriamasimanana), deposited in CAS (CASENT 9029645, PBI _OON 03225). Figs. 379–388. Malagiella ambalavo , new species , female (PBI_OON 03223). 379. Habitus, ventral view. 380. Same, dorsal view. 381. Same, lateral view. Scale bar 5 1 mm. 382. Abdomen, ventral view. 383. Cephalothorax, ventral view. 384. Same, anterior view. 385. Same, posterior view. 386. Abdomen, anterior view. 387. Same, lateral view. 388. Same, posterior view. Figs. 389–392. Malagiella ambalavo , new species , female (PBI_OON 03223). 389. Epigynal region, ventral view. 390. Same, sublateral view. 391. Ventral view, cleared. 392. Lateral view, cleared showing copulatory opening (arrow) and apodeme (dash). ETYMOLOGY: The species is named after the type locality. DIAGNOSIS: The male may be distinguished from other species in the group by the combination of sternum strongly bristly, bulb-cymbium small (about 0.5 patella-tibia length), and a palpal patella of moderate size (fig. 481). The female differs by the combination of large dorsal scutum, PES with straight posterior margin, and receptaculum moderately sinuous (W/L 5 0.3–0.5) (figs. 228–235). MALE (PBI_OON 03225): Total length 1.70 (1.56–1.70), carapace length 0.80 (0.78– 0.80), width 0.64 (0.62–0.66), N 5 12. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace ovoid in dorsal view, pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to about 0.55 times its maximum width; lateral margin strongly undulate (fig. 14). Eye area width 0.5 carapace width, length 1.2 clypeus length (figs. 13–15). Sternum lateral margin infracoxal grooves present, with anterior and posterior openings (fig. 19). Mouthparts: Cheliceral paturon posterior surface with a row of three long setae (fig. 19); with promarginal tooth and denticles on both margins (fig. 25). Endite with median lobe bearing dense scopula and lateral lobe with serrula and three stout setae (figs. 26, 27). ABDOMEN: Pedicel tube of medium length (fig. 208), dorsal extension of epigastric scute about one pedicel diameter (fig. 207). Spinnerets: ALS with three subequal spigots; PMS with two subequal spigots; PLS with four subequal spigots (figs. 40–43). LEGS: Tarsi I–IV superior claws examined in detail: tarsal proclaws and retroclaws with faces striate; tarsi I, II superior claws with three large teeth on lateral surfaces and three small teeth on median surfaces of both proclaw and retroclaw; tarsi III, IV superior claws with three teeth on lateral surfaces of proclaw and retroclaw, lacking teeth on median surfaces; tarsi I–IV lacking inferior claw (figs. 74–78); tarsal claws III, IV each with three modified clawlike setae (figs. 77, 78). Trichobothria examined with SEM: trichobothrial base longitudinally narrowed, aperture internal texture not gratelike; hood covered by numerous low closely spaced ridges, usually in transverse orientation but radially arranged in proximal half of some bothria; both types of ridges occur on tibial trichobothria (figs. 62–64). Tarsal organ with 2 sensilla on palp and tarsi III, IV; 3 sensilla on tarsi I, II (figs. 57–61). GENITALIA: Epigastric region with sperm pore small, rebordered (figs. 34–36). Palp (figs. 85–97, 220–227, 481, map 3) bulb pale orange, more than 2 times as long as cymbium; embolar complex (figs. 93–97) distal, compressed, retrolaterally concave, with hyaline ventral prong (BVP) and dorsal embolus, apex transversely expanded with median opening and lateral prongs, prolateral prong (EPP) with groove connecting embolar opening (fig. 98). Figs. 393–402. Malagiella nikina , new species , female (PBI_OON 03384: 393–395, 397; PBI_OON 03386: 396, 398–402). 393. Habitus, ventral view. 394. Same, dorsal view. 395. Same, lateral view. Scale bar 5 1 mm. 396. Abdomen, ventral view. 397. Cephalothorax, ventral view. 398. Same, anterior view. 399. Same, posterior view. 400. Abdomen, anterior view. 401. Same, lateral view. 402. Same, posterior view. Figs. 403–410. Malagiella nikina , new species , female variation (PBI_OON numbers on figs.). 403, 404. Abdomen, ventral view. 405–408. Epigynal region, ventral view. 409. Same, cleared. 410. Same, lateral view, with arrow to copulatory opening. Figs. 411–420. Malagiella goodmani , new species , female (PBI_OON 10247). 411. Habitus, ventral view. 412. Same, dorsal view. 413. Same, lateral view. Scale bar 5 1 mm. 414. Abdomen, ventral view. 415. Cephalothorax, ventral view. 416. Same, anterior view. 417. Same, posterior view. 418. Abdomen, anterior view. 419. Same, lateral view. 420. Same, posterior view. Figs. 421–428. Malagiella goodmani , new species , female variation (PBI_OON numbers on figs.). 421, 422. Abdomen, ventral view. 423, 424. Epigynal region, ventral view. 425. Same, posterior view. 426. Same, lateral view. 427. Epigynal area cleared, ventral view. 428. Same, lateral view, showing copulatory opening (arrow) and apodeme (dash). Figs. 429–439. Malagiella toliara , new species , male (PBI_OON 03221: 429–431, 434, 435; PBI_OON 03377: 432, 433, 436–439). 429. Habitus, ventral view. 430. Same, dorsal view. 431. Same, lateral view. Scale bar 5 1 mm. 432. Abdomen, ventral view. 433. Same, dorsal view. 434. Cephalothorax, ventral view. 435. Same, anterior view. 436. Same, posterior view. 437. Abdomen, anterior view. 438. Same, lateral view. 439. Same, posterior view. Figs. 440–449. Malagiella toliara , new species , female (PBI_OON 03221). 440. Habitus, ventral view. 441. Same, dorsal view. 442. Same, lateral view. Scale bar 5 1 mm. 443. Abdomen, ventral view. 444. Cephalothorax, ventral view. 445. Same, anterior view. 446. Same, posterior view. 447. Abdomen, anterior view. 448. Same, lateral view. 449. Same, posterior view. Figs. 450–457. Malagiella toliara , new species , male (PBI_OON 03377). 450. Palp, femur to bulb, prolateral view. 451. Same, retrolateral view. 452. Same, dorsal view. 453. Same, ventral view. 454. Same, anterior view. 455. Same, posterior view. 456. Bulb, retrolateral view. 457. Palp, retrolateral view. Figs. 458–462. Malagiella toliara , new species , female (PBI_OON 03221). 458. Abdomen, ventral view. 459. Epigynal area, ventral view. 460. Same, cleared specimen. 461. Same, different focal plane. 462. Same, lateral view. Figs. 463–471. Malagiella species , female palpi and legs. M. ranomafana (PBI_OON 03227): 463, 466, 467; M. vohiparara (PBI_OON 03078): 464, 468, 469; M. toliara (PBI_OON 03221): 465, 470, 471. 463– 465. Palp, retrolateral view. 466, 468, 470. Leg I, retrolateral view. 467, 469, 471. Leg IV, retrolateral view showing leg spines (arrows). Scale bars 5 200 Mm. Figs. 472–480. Malagiella species , sternum, ventrolateral view, males (472–477) and females (478–480). 472. M. andringitra , PBI _OON 03234. 473. M. valterova , PBI _OON 03461. 474. M. fisheri , PBI _OON 03452. 475. M. ranomafana , PBI _OON 01999. 476. M. vohiparara , PBI _OON 03078. 477. M. toliara , PBI _OON 03377. 478. M. ranomafana , PBI _OON 01999. 479. M. vohiparara , PBI _OON 03078. 480. M. toliara , PBI _OON 03221. Figs. 481–486. Malagiella species , male palpus, femur to bulb, prolateral view. 481. M. ranomafana , PBI _OON 03224. 482. M. andringitra , PBI _OON 03234. 483. M. valterova , PBI _OON 03461. 484. M. vohiparara , PBI _OON 03078. 485. M. fisheri , PBI _OON 03452. 486. M. toliara , PBI _OON 03377. Scale bar (200 Mm) applies to all palpi. Fig. 487. Size variation in Malagiella measured as a function of carapace length to carapace width. Plot is based on measurements of 26 male specimens (‘‘x’’) and 30 female specimens (‘‘o’’). Blue lines enclose male values for a given species and red lines female values; disjunct conspecific readings are connected by straight lines. Green dotted lines enclose the three species groups. Brown dashed lines refer to the size of female DS, with the large dashes (upper right) enclosing species with the largest scutes and small dashes (lower left) those with the smallest. Abbreviations for species names: amba 5 M.ambalavo , andr 5 M. andringitra , fish 5 M. fisheri , good 5 M. goodmani , niki 5 M. nikina , rana 5 M. ranavalona , rano 5 M. ranomafana , toli 5 M. toliara , valt 5 M. valterova , vohi 5 M. vohiparara . Map 1. The distribution of Malagiella species. Species placed in the ranomafana group are represented by boxes, the vohiparara group by circles, and the toliara group by triangles. The map of Madagascar showing the remaining primary vegetation is from Du Puy and Moat (2003). Malagiella species are mostly in the eastern evergreen forests, with two species located in the deciduous forests to the south and west. Map 2. Map of Madagascar showing the distribution of Malagiella species. M. ranomafana group (squares: rano 5 M. ranomafana , valt 5 M. valterova , andr 5 M. andringitra , fish 5 M. fisheri ). M. vohiparara group (circles: rana 5 M. ranavalona , vohi 5 M. vohiparara , amba 5 M.ambalavo , niki 5 M. nikina , good 5 M. goodmani ). M. toliara group (triangles: toli 5 M. toliara ). Map 3. Map of Madagascar showing the distribution of Malagiella palpi, imaged at same scale, with the dorsally indented bulbs on the left side and the unindented bulbs on right. Abbreviations: andr 5 M. andringitra , fish 5 M. fisheri , rano 5 M. ranomafana , toli 5 M. toliara , valt 5 M. valterova , vohi 5 M. vohiparara . FEMALE (PBI_OON 01999): Total length 1.71 (1.71–1.96), carapace length 0.82 (0.80– 0.84), width 0.66 (0.64–0.68), N 5 11. CEPHALOTHORAX: Clypeus shorter than eye region length (fig. 18), anteriorly narrowed to about 0.49 times its maximum width. Eyes (figs. 16–18, 215) as in male. Sternum microsculpture covering entire surface (figs. 21–23). Chelicerae (figs. 28, 29) and labium (fig. 29) as in male. Endites lacking anteromedian projection and anterolateral knob, three setae near serrula not stout (figs. 29, 30). ABDOMEN: Pedicel tube of medium length (fig. 218) and epigastric scutum dorsal extension (fig. 217), both slightly shorter than in male. Dorsal scutum covering more than 0.7 of abdomen (figs. 211, 212), not fused to epigastric scutum (figs. 37, 38, 217, 218). Postepigastric scutum short, extending only to posterior spiracles, with small lateral sclerites, internally with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes (figs. 108, 116, 213). Spinnerets: ALS with three spigots, median slightly larger; PMS with three subequal spigots; PLS with six subequal spigots (figs. 44–47). LEGS (figs. 466, 467): With fine transverse ridges delineating regions of muscle attachment (figs. 54, 55) and slit sensilla (figs. 51–53). Tarsal claws as in male except: tarsus IV superior claws with three teeth on lateral surfaces and one large apical tooth on median surfaces of both proclaw and retroclaw (figs. 79–84). Trichobothria (figs. 70–73) as in male. Tarsal organ (figs. 65–69) as in male. GENITALIA: Ventral view (figs. 100–107, 228–234, map 4): epigynal area with median depression enclosing small round hole (copulatory opening) (figs. 101, 103, 105), with a pair of slitlike openings at base of apodemes (fig. 104), with sigmoid tube (receptaculum) and a pair of paramedian apodemes visible through cuticle (figs. 228, 234). Dorsal view (figs. 108–116, 235): receptaculum sigmoid, reaching posteriorly slightly beyond postepigastric scutum; with pair of lateral apodemes. The receptaculum varies considerably in size, degree of sinuation, and direction of curvature (figs. 228–235). Map 4. Map of Madagascar showing the distribution of Malagiella epigynal types, with a grouping of species based on the degree of receptacular sinuosity. Diagram shows measurements used for determining receptacular width and length. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: MADA- GASCAR: Fianarantsoa Province : Ranomafana N.P., 21 ° 129S, 47 ° 279E, forest, 1–30 Apr 1992 (V. Roth , B. Roth , S. Kariko , CASENT 9029651, PBI _OON 03231), 1♀ ; Ranomafana N.P. , Maharira , 09 Apr 1992 ( Emile , Kariko-Roth Coll. , MCZ 53653, MCZ 53656, PBI _ OON 00028216 , PBI _ OON 00028217 ), 2♀ ; Trail F , 325 m , 18 May 1992 ( Emile , Kariko-Roth Coll. , MCZ 53652, PBI _ OON 00028212 ), 1♀ ; Trail L , 1050 m , 15 Apr 1992 ( Emile , Kariko-Roth Coll. , MCZ 53626, PBI _ OON 00028214 ), 2♀ ; Trail M , 15 May 1992 ( Albert , Kariko- Roth Coll. , MCZ 53657, PBI _ OON 00028215 ), 1♀ ; across footbridge at campsite, 26 Mar 1992 (S. Kariko , V. Roth , MCZ 53646, PBI _ OON 00028213 ) 6♀ ; Talatakely, P.N . Ranomafana , 21 ° 14.99S , 47 ° 25.69E , sifting leaf litter, 5–18 Apr 1998 (C. Griswold , D. Ubick , CASENT 9029647, PBI _OON 03227), 18, 2♀ ; 19–30 Apr 1998 (C. Griswold , D. Ubick , CASENT 9029649, PBI _OON 03229), 1♀ ; pitfall trap , 13–27 Apr 1998 ( Griswold et al., CASENT 9029650, PBI _OON 03230), 18 ; 21 ° 15.39S , 47 ° 25.99E , pitfall trap , 9–26 Apr 1998 ( Griswold et al., CASENT 9029644, PBI _OON 03224), 28, 3♀ ; 21 ° 159S, 47 ° 269E, 915– 1000 m , 30 Oct–20 Nov 1998 (V. Lee , K. Ribardo , CASENT 9029648, PBI _OON 03228), 18 ; 21 ° 15.89S , 47 ° 25.29E , 940– 985 m , pitfall trap , 1–21 Nov 1998 (V. Lee , K. Ribardo , CASENT 9029646, PBI _OON 03226), 18 ; 21 ° 15.59S , 47 ° 25.4 E , 1050 m , montane rainforest, 24 Dec 2005 – 14 Jan 2006 (H. Wood , J. Miller , et al., HW009, CASENT 9019096, PBI _OON 03433), 28, 2♀ ; Vatoharanana 1100, 221.29, 47.43333, 1100 m , montane rainforest, pitfall trap , 27– 31 Mar 2003 ( Fisher , Griswold et al., BLF8402, CASENT 9011546, PBI _OON 03232), 28, 1♀ ; sifted litter, leaf mold, rotten wood, 27–31 Mar 2003 ( Fisher , Griswold et al., BLF8400, CASENT 9011421, PBI _ OON 02216), 1♀ ; Vatoharanana 1200, 21 ° 16.79S , 47 ° 26.19E , 1200 m , primary rainforest understory, 15–29 Apr 1998 ( Griswold et al., CASENT 9025683, PBI _OON 01999), 48, 3♀ ; sifting leaf litter, 15 Apr 1998 (C. Griswold , D. Ubick , CASENT 9029652, PBI _OON 03233), 1♀ ; 7 km SW Ranomafana , 21.126N , 47.276E , 1000 m , 20–24 Mar 1990 (W. Steiner , USNM , PBI _ OON 00027793 ), 1♀ . DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar .