Revision of world Ooderella Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with description of the first males for the genus Author Gibson, Gary A. P. text Zootaxa 2017 4289 1 1 74 journal article 32726 10.5281/zenodo.828791 e2bc9990-e5da-4185-bb22-8ac100ac0bf4 1175-5326 828791 83976631-0200-4CE3-AF6D-C05DE8E8670A Ooderella setosa n. sp. Figs 72–89 Type material . Holotype ♀ (CNC). “ ECUADOR : Napo Prov. | Limoncocha , 12.II.86 | A.T. Finnamore / HOLOTYPE | Ooderella | setosa | Gibson” . Holotype point-mounted by mesosternum; entire; uncontorted. Allotype ♂ (CNC). “ECUADOR: Napo Prov. | Limoncocha | 11-12.II.86 | A.F. [sic] Finnamore / ALLOTYPE | Ooderella | setosa | Gibson”. Paratypes ( 57♀ , 6♂ ). Brazil . Amazonas , Fonte Boa , IX.1975 , F.M. Oliveira ( 2♀ CNC ). Minas Gerais , Marliéria, P.E . Rio Doce ( PELD ), Area Tereza 3, 19°37'S 42°34'W , J.C.R. Fontenelle , Malaise trap ( 1♀ [ UFES n° 148150], CNC Photo 2016-84 , UFES ) . São Paulo , São Carlos , Canchin Farm , 4–6.I.1966 , M. Sharkey ( 1♀ CNC ) . Rondonia , Fazenda Rancho Grande , 62 km S Ariquemes , 5.XII.1991 , S.L. Heydon ( 2♀ UCDC ) . Colombia . Amazonas Prov., Puerto Nariño env., 2 km W of vill., 03°46.366'S 70°22.810'W , 76m , 1–3.III.2009 , P. Janšta , YPT ( 2♀ CNC ) . Costa Rica . Heredia , Est. Biol. La Selva , 10°43'N 84°02'W , 15.X.1993 , ALAS , MT 1/236 ( 1♀ UCRC ) . Limón : Hitoy Cerere BR , 14–18.I. 1991 , 100m, J.S. Noyes ( 1♀ CNC ) ; sur de Iroquois, 300m , 23.V.1987 , P. Hanson (1♀ CNC). Puntarenas : Golfito , Om Palmar , 10.I.1988 , P. Hanson ( 1♀ CNC ) ; Manuel Antonio N.P., 23– 28.VIII.1986 , L. Masner, coastal rainforest, s.s. (1♀, 1♂ CNC); Monteverde Reserva, 16.VIII.1986 , 1500m , L. Masner, s.s. (1♂ CNC); Pen-Osa , 5 km N. Pto. Jimenez , 10 m , I.1991 ( 1♀ , 1♂ MZUCR ) , II–III.1993 (7♀ MZUCR), III.1993 (1♀ CNC), IV.1991 (1♀ MZUCR), IV.1992 (1♀ MZUCR), V.1991 (1♀ MZUCR), V.1993 (3♀ MZUCR), VII.1991 (3♀ MZUCR), VIII.1991 (2♀ MZUCR), IX.1992 (2♀ MZUCR), XI.1991 (2♀ MZUCR), XII.1990 (1♀ MZUCR), XII.1991 (1♀ MZUCR), P. Hanson. Ecuador . Same data as holotype ( 1♀ CNC ); same data except collected 250m , 15–28.VI.1976 , S.&J. Peck (2♂ CNC [1♂ Photo 2016-101]). Napo , Puerto Misahualli , 18–22.II.1983 ( 1♀ CNC ), 350m , II.1983 (1♀ CNC), M. Sharkey. Napo , Tena , 15.II.1986 , A. Finnamore ( 1♀ CNC ) , 18.II.1986 , A. Finnamore & F. Génier ( 2♀ CNC ). Panama . Barro Colorado I., 10.VIII.1981 , R.B. Kimsey ( 1♀ UCDC ) . Peru . Dept. Loreto , Explorama Inn , 40 km NE Iquitos on Amazon Riv., 24.VI–20.VII.1990 , Menke & Awertschenko ( 3♀ , 1♂ CNC Photo 2016-100, all USNM ) . Trinidad . St. Andrew , Oropouche , 28.VI.1976 , cocoa and banana plantations, J.S. Noyes , Brit. Mus. 1976-462 ( 2♀ [ NHMUK 010353732 & NHMUK 010353734 ] BMNH ) . St. George , Arima Valley, 4th mile, 13.VIII.1976 , rainforest, J.S. Noyes , Brit. Mus. 1976-462 ( 1♀ [ NHMUK 010353737 ] BMNH ) . St. Patrick , Bonasse , 12.VIII.1976 , J.S. Noyes , Brit. Mus. 1976-462, coconut plantation ( 1♀ [ NHMUK 010353730 ] BMNH ) . Venezuela . Zulia , El Tucuco , 200m , 19.IV.1981 ( 3♀ CNC [ 1♀ Photo 2016-85 ]) , 26.IV.1981 (1♀ CNC), L. Masner. Etymology . From the Latin word setosus (bristly), in reference to the setose fore wings, one of the differentiating features of females of this species. Description . FEMALE (habitus: Fig. 75 ). Length = 1.9–3.5 [3.1] mm. Head ( Figs 72–74 ) multicolored with frontovertex variably dark to extensively green with reddish-violaceous lusters under different angles of light, most commonly green along inner orbits and reddish-violaceous medially ( Fig. 72 ), scrobal depression transversely green to dark dorsally but with bright purple, blue or reddish-violaceous lusters in transverse furrow differentiating scrobal depression from scrobes and interantennal prominence ( Fig. 72 ), at least smooth part of interantennal prominence and scrobes bright coppery to reddish-violaceous, and lower face mostly green though sometimes with variably extensive coppery to reddish-coppery lusters under some angles of light; in lateral view ( Fig. 73 ) comparatively highly convex with frontovertex quite abruptly angled relative to lower face so broadest below middle, about 1.3× as high as long; in frontal view ( Fig. 72 ) about 1.2× as wide as high; in dorsal view ( Fig. 74 ) about 1.5× as wide as long with interocular distance almost 0.4× head width without any indication of ocellocular mark, and with OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 14: 14: 12: 7. Frontovertex with vertex coriaceous-alutaceous over at least about posterior half, and smooth and shiny posterior and lateral of posterior ocelli and on frons except for setiferous pits with brownish hairlike setae ( Figs 72, 74 ). Scrobal depression ( Fig. 72 ) dorsally abruptly angled to and therefore distinctly delimited from frons, broadly Π-shaped but with lateral margin directed dorsally from torulus such that with distinct though slender parascrobal region, and dorsal margin uniformly arched between inner orbits and separated from anterior ocellus by about 3.6× ocellar diameter; delimited ventrally from scrobes and interantennal region only by difference in sculpture or at most very shallow, broadly Π-shaped furrow, and reticulate-rugulose to more transversely reticulate-strigose dorsally above shiny, at most obscurely meshlike coriaceous scrobes and interantennal region, and with parascrobal region similarly sculptured as scrobal depression. Interantennal prominence bare over smooth part, but lower face and parascrobal region with brownish slender-lanceolate setae ( Fig. 72 ). Mandible ( Fig. 76 : insert) variably distinctly tridentate with acute ventroapical tooth and usually incised dorsoapical margin though sometimes dorsoapical margin almost evenly incurved. Labial and maxillary palps brown. Antenna ( Fig. 76 ) with scape entirely yellow except narrowly ventrobasally and dorsoapically, to entirely brown or dark with green to bluish lusters except then usually variably paler, brownishyellow medially to basally; flagellum dark brown or sometimes with variable number of basal funiculars with greenish luster and sometimes with distinctly contrasting white-reflective setae; length of flagellum + pedicel about 1.7× head width; scape with ventral and dorsal margins subparallel with ventral margin only slightly sinuous so of similar width throughout; length[width] of scape: pedicel: funiculars: clava = 62[11]: 19[10]: 10[8], 28[9], 32[9], 35[10], 22[10], 19[11], 16[12], 14[13]: 41[14]. FIGURES 72–80. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♀. 72 , head, frontal (holotype); 73–75 , 2016-84: 73 , head, lateral; 74 , head and pronotum, dorsal; 75 , lateral habitus. 76 , antenna (holotype) [insert: mandibles (2016-85)]. 77 , pronotum and mesoscutum (2016-84). 78 , scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings (holotype). 79 , mesosoma, lateral (2016-84). 80 , gaster, dorsal (holotype). Mesosoma ( Figs 77–79 ) brown to dark brown except mesoscutal flange yellowish- translucent, but dorsally with variably extensive and distinct green to bluish luster, particularly pronotum ( Fig. 77 ) and scutellar-axillar complex ( Fig. 78 ). Legs ( Fig. 75 ) similar in color to mesosoma except trochanters and trochantelli, tibiae narrowly basally, mesotibia narrowly and metatibia more widely apically, and meso- and metatarsi paler. Pronotum in dorsal view ( Fig. 77 ) with collar transverse-quadrangular, about 2× as wide as long with anterolateral corners right-angled relative to anterior margin and anterior margin right-angled relative to abruptly inclined neck, the dorsal surface flat though sometimes inclined on either side of deep mediolongitudinal groove and with only a couple of dark hairlike setae along outer and inner margins of each side. Mesoscutum ( Fig. 77 ) flat anteriorly and with lateral lobes carinately angled only within about posterior third or less; meshlike reticulate; with inconspicuous posteriorly directed setae of similar color as cuticle except dense lanceolate white setae forming reflective patches antero- and posteromedially, the anterior region consisting of medially directed setae so as to form more or less contiguous paramedial patches, and the posterior region ovate and extending to posterior margin, with a few setae near middle directed medially to separate anteriorly directed setae in anterior half from posteriorly directed setae in posterior half. Scutellar-axillar complex ( Fig. 78 ) about 1.2× as long as basal width with hairlike setae of similar color as cuticle along lateral margins of axillae and scutellum; axillae reticulate, noticeably smaller than scutellum; scutellum reticulate to longitudinally reticulate-strigose, broadly teardrop-shaped, about 2.5× as long as greatest width, with distinctly differentiated, meshlike coriaceous frenal area. Tegula ( Figs 77, 79 ) setose with dark setae only relatively narrowly along inner margin and sometimes somewhat denser posteriorly, but not as distinct tuftlike region. Fore wing ( Fig. 78 ) extending slightly over base of propodeum to level of spiracle, about 2.2× as long as greatest width, flat, hyaline to brownish-hyaline; costal cell and submarginal vein extending to rounded apical margin of wing; costal cell setose ventrally; submarginal vein with long, apical-most seta extending conspicuously beyond wing margin; membrane below submarginal vein uniformly setose with pale setae. Mesopleurosternum ( Fig. 79 ) with region of dense white lanceolate setae forming setal tuft anteriorly on acropleuron and dorsally on mesopectus, and mesopectus extensively but more sparsely setose with similarly long white lanceolate setae ventral to acropleural tuft and usually sparse, short, hairlike setae extending almost to anterior margin of mesopectus; acropleuron smooth and shiny except coriaceous-imbricate beyond setal tuft to level almost equal with posterior margin of tegula, and variably strongly reticulate- to striate-strigose along dorsal margin and reticulate-strigose around posterior margin. Metacoxa ( Fig. 79 ) densely setose with white lanceolate setae dorsally and ventrolaterally and bare or mostly bare longitudinally though often with a few setae extending across outer surface medially. Propodeum ( Fig. 78 ) with both anterior and posterior margins incurved at midline such that strongly recurved margins united into median carina along length, but depressed anteromedially so in lateral view abruptly curved, the region near metanotum forming more dorsal surface relative to more vertical posterior surface; meshlike reticulate medially and along foramen but coriaceous laterally, and with a couple of white lanceolate setae anterior to spiracle and region of dense white lanceolate setae posterolaterally. Gaster ( Figs 75, 80 ) brown except tergites with various metallic lusters under some angles of light, extreme tips of ovipositor sheaths yellow, and usually syntergal flange variably paler brown to yellow; shiny, finely meshlike coriaceous with long setae of similar color as tergites in single row across tergites except syntergum more extensively setose; syntergum ( Fig. 80 ) longer than wide and longer than penultimate tergite with dorsal surface in similar plane or only slightly recurved posteriorly such that syntergal flange only poorly differentiated as posteriorly rounded bare region behind setae; ovipositor sheaths projecting only very slightly beyond syntergal flange. FIGURES 81–89. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♂. 81 & 82 , head: 81 , frontal (allotype); 82 , dorsal (2016-100). 83 , lateral habitus (allotype). 84 , mandibles (2016-101). 85 , antenna [insert: pedicel to fl3] (allotype). 86–88 , 20165-100: 86 , fore wing; 87 ; mesosoma, dorsal; 88 , mesosoma, dorsolateral. 89 , mesosoma, lateral (allotype). MALE (habitus: Fig. 83 ). Length = 1.4–2.1 [1.45] mm. Head ( Figs 81, 82 ) dark brown with greenish luster at least on lower face and often green to bluish-green luster frontovertex, except scrobal depression often somewhat more bluish to purple with small reddish-violaceous region at least dorsally on interantennal prominence and sometimes more extensively within scrobal depression under some angles of light, and without or at most with relatively obscure light-colored line extending between interantennal prominence and dorsal margin of depression; vertex coriaceous-alutaceous behind posterior ocellus and medially within ocellar triangle, frons smooth and shiny except for scattered setiferous pits and face at least below level of dorsal margin of torulus coriaceous-alutaceous, though scrobal depression variably extensively smooth and shiny to mostly coriaceous-alutaceous except for smooth and shiny scrobes. Head in frontal view with ventral margin of torulus distinctly above lower orbit, vtd: dtd = 25: 22; scrobal depression transversely oval, not extending to inner orbits such that distinct parascrobal regions evident. Head in dorsal view ( Fig. 82 ) with interocular distance about 0.55× head width; OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 7: 12: 8: 8; without or with variably extensive and distinct ocellocular mark, but not differentiated in color ( Fig. 82 ). Mandibles tridentate ( Fig. 84 ). Labial and maxillary palps pale, whitish-yellow ( Figs 81, 84 ) to brownishyellow. Antenna ( Figs 83, 85 ) dark brown except scape often with some metallic lusters; length of pedicel + flagellum about 3× head width; scape compressed and broadest subbasally; length[width] of scape: pedicel: fl2– fl8: clava = 24[10]: 11[6]: 22[6], 26[7], 27[7], 22[7], 22[7], 19[7], 17[7]: 32[7]; flagellomeres with multiple rows of convex, longitudinal mps along length, each mps with only a very short apically free portion so not appearing seta-like ( Fig. 85 : insert). Mesosoma ( Figs 87–89 ) mostly dark with variably extensive coppery to bronze lusters except at least axillae, frenum, and propodeum variably extensively more distinctly blue to bluish-green. Legs ( Fig. 83 ) usually dark except following pale: trochanters, trochantelli, knees or tibiae narrowly basally, tibiae variably extensively apically to almost entirely, and at least basal tarsomere of mesotarsus and usually tarsi more extensively at least somewhat lighter brownish than most of femora and tibiae. Mesoscutum ( Figs 87, 88 ) entirely meshlike-reticulate or more finely sculptured only narrowly along posterior margin; less than 0.6× as long as wide ( Fig. 87 ). Fore wing ( Fig. 86 ) hyaline; about 2.7× as long as wide with mv about 0.6× width; disc dorsally with broad speculum anterior to setose mediocubital fold and beyond basal fold, though speculum variably distinct depending on whether or not obscured by setae on ventral surface; cc: mv: stv: pmv = 62: 44: 16: 23 (though pmv gradually lightened apically such that limit not clearly distinguished). Distribution (Map 2B). Brazil , Colombia , Costa Rica , Ecuador , Panama , Peru , Trinidad , Venezuela . Remarks . Females of O. setosa are uniquely differentiated from those of other New World species with a smooth and shiny frons by the membrane behind the submarginal vein being entirely setose ( Fig. 78 ). Contorted females whose wings are not clearly visible could be keyed to O. stenoptera , but females of the two species are readily differentiated by structure of the scape, which is subequally wide with the ventral margin only very slightly sinuous in O. setosa ( Fig. 76 ) but quite distinctly compressed basally and narrowed apically in O. stenoptera because of a much more obviously sinuate ventral margin ( Fig. 139 ). Females of O. setosa also have brown palps ( Fig. 76 : insert) and quite distinct though slender parascrobal regions ( Fig. 72 ). Females of O. setosa are also somewhat similar to O. melanosceles , O. spinositegula and O. thegalea because the tegula, particularly in larger specimens, often has quite a distinct, denser region of dark setae along the inner apical margin and the pronotum sometimes is quite distinctly inclined on either side of the mediolongitudinal furrow. However, O. setosa not only has setose fore wings but these differ also in structure from those of the other three species, the submarginal vein extending to the wing margin apically and lacking any evident discal membrane. The Peruvian male is larger than the others and has somewhat darker maxillary and labial palps and somewhat stronger sculpture than the other males, including quite distinct ocellocular marks ( Fig. 82 ), but these differences likely are correlated with its larger size. I include in the type series two males from Ecuador (Napo, Limoncocha) collected by S. & J. Peck even though these were not caught with females and there is a single female of O. smithii with the same collection data. As mentioned in the generic discussion, I also have similar males from other sites in Central and South America that I do not include in the type series because of the lack of confidence as to what constitutes intra- and interspecific variation. Two similar males (CNC) from Florida (Highlands Co., Lake Placid, Archibold Biological Station, 28.VII-3.VIII.1987 ) are also not included because of the range extension this would imply, but based on these males it is quite possible that O. setosa occurs in Florida. Males recognized as those of O. setosa are most similar to those of O. smithii because of similar flagellar and mps structures ( cf . Figs 85 , 105 ), but differ in several features as given in the key and descriptions (see also discussion for O. smithii ).