Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America Author Kaczmarek, Łukasz Author Michalczyk, Łukasz Author Mcinnes, Sandra J. text Zootaxa 2015 3923 1 1 107 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1 2822ae22-53bb-45c1-b3a3-49f7b6c0fb53 1175-5326 241936 2305A96C-0A03-4524-93AA-90359893A4DD 76. Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840 sensu lato [T] [m] Milnesium tardigradum Doyère ( Richters 1911a ) Arctiscon tardigradum Schrank ( Murray & Wailes 1913 ) Milnesium tardigradum Day. ( Heinis 1914 ) Milnesium tardigradum Doy. 1840 ( Rahm 1931 , 1932 , Ramazzotti 1962a ) Milnesium tardigradum Doyére, 1840 (de Barros 1943 , Claps & Rossi 1988 , Jerez & Narváez 2001 ) M. tardigradum Doyère 1840 (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944 ) M. tardigradum ( Ramazzotti 1957 , Garitano-Zavala 1996 ) Milnesium tardigradum Doy. ( Iharos 1963 ) Milnesium tardigradum tardigradum Doyere, 1840 ( Claps & Rossi 1984 ) Milnesium tardigradum ( Doyéré, 1840 ) ( Maucci 1988 ) Milnesium tardigradum Doyere, 1840 ( Claps & Rossi 1981 , Rossi & Claps 1989 ) Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840 ( Séméria 1993 , Garitano-Zavala 1995 , Pilato et al. 2003a , Rossi et al. 2009 ) Milnesium tardigradum ( Mihelčič 1967 , 1972 , Nickel et al. 2001 ) Milnesium cf. tardigradum Doyère, 1840 (Moly de Peluffo et al. 2006, Peluffo et al. 2007 ) Terra typica : France (Europe), terra neotypica : Germany (Europe) Argentina : • 22°17′S , 63°44′W ; 600 m asl : Salta Province, road No 34 between Estación Pocitos and Tartagal, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 24°07′S , 65°24′W ; 1,450 m asl : Jujuy Province, road to Yala, mosses on the edge of irrigation ditch. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 24°19′S , 64°33′W ; 850 m asl : Jujuy Province, road to Santa Clara from Abra de los Morteros, lichens and mosses on trees (2 samples). Claps & Rossi (1984) • 24°30′S , 65°17′W ; 1,200 m asl : Jujuy Province, Abra de Santa Laura, lichens on mountain slope. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 24°44′S , 65°29′W ; 1,350 m asl : Salta Province, San Lorenzo, lichens on tree and lichens on wood on soil in the mountains (2 samples). Claps & Rossi (1984) • 24°55′S , 64°09′W ; 400 m asl : Salta Province, road from Las Lajitas to J.V. González, lichens on tree in the mountains and mosses and lichens on trees (3 samples). Claps & Rossi (1984) • 25°38′S , 65°39′W ; 1,250 m asl : Salta Province, road on Cafayate to Salta, mosses on soil and mosses on tree in the mountains (2 samples). Claps & Rossi (1984) • 26°47′S , 65°20′W ; 750 m asl : Tucumán Province, Horco Molle, mosses and lichens on trees. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 26°51′S , 65°26′W ; 700 m asl : Tucumán Province, road from San Miguel de Tucumán to Tafi del Valle, mosses and lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 26°51′S , 65°23′W ; 1,400 m asl : Tucumán Province, Villa Nogués, mosses on house wall. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 27°57′S , 58°48′W ; 50 m asl : Corrientes Province, Empedrado, Paraje Sombrerito, lichen on power pole and mosses on fallen tree (3 samples). Claps & Rossi (1988) • 28°30′S , 59°02′W ; 50 m asl : Corrientes Province, Bella Vista, Selaginella sp. on soil (2 samples). Claps & Rossi (1988) • 33°00′S , 58°31′W ; 0 m asl : Entre Ríos Province, Gualeguaychú, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 35°40′S , 63°44′W ; 143 m asl : La Pampa Province, General Pico, mosses and lichens on trees. Moly de Peluffo et al. (2006) • 36°22′S , 56°43′W ; 0 m asl : Buenos Aires Province, San Clemente del Tuy, mosses on shaded soil in, lichens on tree ( Eucalyptus ) in full sun, lichens on roots ( Eucalyptus ) in shade, lichens on tree ( Eucalyptus ) in shade and lichens on tree ( Tamarisk ) in full sun, lichens on tree ( Causarina ) in full sun (6 samples). Rossi & Claps (1980) • 36°22′S , 56°43′W ; 0 m asl : Buenos Aires Province, camping San Clemente del Tuy, lichens on tree ( Eucalyptus ) in shade and in full sun (2 samples). Rossi & Claps (1980) • 36°24′S , 56°57′W ; 0 m asl : Buenos Aires Province, Port General Lavalle, lichens on tree ( Tamarisk ) in full sun. Rossi & Claps (1980) • 36°24′S , 56°57′W ; 0 m asl : Buenos Aires Province, General Lavalle, lichens on tree ( Tamarisk ) in full sun. Rossi & Claps (1980) • 36°24′S , 56°49′W ; 0 m asl : Buenos Aires Province, road between San Clemente del Tuy and General Lavalle, lichens. Rossi & Claps (1980) • 36°39′S , 64°17′W ; 177 m asl : La Pampa Province, Santa Rosa [Santa Rosa de Toay], mosses and lichens on trees ( Robinia pseudoacacia , few species of Fraxinus or Prosopis caldenia ). Peluffo et al. (2007) • 38°53′S , 71°13′W ; 1,300 m asl : Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Villa Pehuenia, Moquehue Lake, moss on soil. Rossi et al. (2009) • 39°12′S , 70°55′W ; 900 m asl : Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Rucachoroi Lake, lichen on tree. Rossi et al. (2009) • 39°14′S , 70°55′W ; 950 m asl : Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Abra Ancha, lichen on soil. Rossi et al. (2009) • 39°25′S , 71°17′W ; 1,000 m asl : Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Quillén Lake, lichen on tree. Rossi et al. (2009) • 40°07′S , 71°39′W ; 700 m asl : Neuquén Province, Hua Hum, Junín de los Andes, mosses on soil and rock. Rossi et al. (2009) • 40°49′S , 63°00′W ; 0 m asl : Rio Negro Province, Viedma, mosses on soil. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 41°00′S , 71°30′W ; 800 m asl: Neuquén Province, Isla Victoria, mosses on tree. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 41°11′S , 71°49′W ; 1,800 m asl : Rio Negro Province, Nahuel Huapi National Park, Monte Tronador, mosses and lichens on tree ( Nothofagus pumilio ) and lichens on trees (4 samples). Rossi & Claps (1989) • 41°12′S , 71°50′W ; 1,000 m asl : Rio Negro Province, Tronador (Ventisqueros) [Ventisquero Negro del Cerro Tronador], lichens on dry rocks in full sun. Mihelčič (1967) • 41°13′S , 71°30′W ; 2,250 m asl : Rio Negro Province, Nahuel Huapí National Park, Cerro Catedral, semi-wet, lichens on tree ( Nothofagus sp.). Claps & Rossi (1981) • 41°14′S , 71°46′W ; 800 m asl [ 850m asl]: Rio Negro Province, Pampalinda [Pampa Linda] near Cainquenes stream, mosses on dry trees in full sun and moist soil (2 samples). Mihelčič (1967) • 41°58′S , 71°31′W ; 390 m asl : Rio Negro Province, Bolson [El Bolsón], cypress grove, lichens on dry trees in full sun and moist soil and mosses on dry singles trees exposed to full sun and wind (3 samples). Mihelčič (1967) • 41°59′S , 71°31′W ; 360 m asl : Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, foot of Piltriquitron Mt., mosses under saxicolous plants on the extremely arid cliffs of promontory and mosses on dry ledge (2 samples). Iharos (1963) • 41°59′S , 71°31′W ; 350 m asl : Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, foot of Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on rocks in shaded Libocedrus chilensis -Lomatia obliqua forest. Iharos (1963) • 41°59′S , 71°30′W ; 680 m asl : Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on decaying trunk on western, sunny slope. Iharos (1963) • 41°59′S , 71°29′W ; 820 m asl : Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, Piltriquitron Mt., mosses near and under Mulinum spinosum -pads. Iharos (1963) • 43°10′S , 71°45′W ; 350 m asl : Chubut Province, Los Cipreses, mosses on tree in the forest. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 43°28′S , 71°09′W ; 1,650 m asl : Chubut Province, Cerro Cuche, mosses on rock. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 43°42′S , 66°29′W ; 150 m asl : Chubut Province, Dique Florentino Ameghino, mosses on rocky soil. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 49°20′S , 72°53′W ; 400 m asl : Santa Cruz Province, El Chaltén, Hosteria Fitz Roy, lichens and mosses on soil. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 50°06′S , 73°20′W ; 200 m asl : Santa Cruz Province, Los Glaciares National Park, Bahia Onelli, lichens on tree and lichens on tree ( Nothofagus betuloides ) (2 samples). Rossi & Claps (1989) • 50°06′S , 73°18′W ; 200 m asl : Santa Cruz Province, Los Glaciares National Park, shores of Argentino Lake, near the Onelli glacier, Nothofagus forests, in the shade, mosses and lichens on trees and rocks. Maucci (1988) • 50°18′S , 72°48′W ; 200 m asl : Santa Cruz Province, shores of Argentino Lake, La Bandera [Puerto Bandera] near El Calafate, lichens on rocks, in full sunlight. Maucci (1988) • 50°28′S , 73°01′W ; 300 m asl : Santa Cruz province, Los Glaciares National Park, shores of Lake Argentino , near the Perito Moreno glacier, Nothofagus forest, in the shade, mosses. Maucci (1988) • 54°47′S , 68°13′W ; 100 m asl : Tierra del Fuego Province, Tierra Mayor ( Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego), moss ( Sphagnum sp.) on rocks. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 48°47′S , 69°11′W : Undefined locality, Santa Cruz Province, Valle de la Florida, lichens on soil and mosses on rocks (2 samples). Rossi & Claps (1989) • Undefined localities cited according Mihelčič (1967) , dry mosses on tree in full sun (2 samples). Mihelčič (1972) Bolivia : • 14°29′S , 67°48′W ; 3–7,000 ft asl / 900– 2,150 m asl: La Paz Department, Tuichi valley. Murray & Wailes (1913) • 14°49′S , 69°04′W ; 11–12,000 ft asl / 3,350–3,650 m asl: La Paz Department, Pelechuco. Murray & Wailes (1913) • 16°11′S , 68°35′W ; 3,680–4,000 m asl : La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Huarina, moorland floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995 , 1996 ) • 16°13′S , 68°13′W ; 4,550–4,700 m asl : La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Tuni, subnival floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995 , 1996 ) • 16°18′S , 68°17′W ; 4,300–4,400 m asl : La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Wila Kunka, high Andean floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995 , 1996 ) Brazil : • 08°24′S , 38°05′W ; 400 m asl : Pernambuco State, Tapera, mosses. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 21°49′S , 49°05′W : Undefined localities in São Paulo State, few localities. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ), de Barros (1943) • 22°58′S , 43°15′W ; 450 m asl : Rio de Janeiro State, neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, Tijuca National Park, mosses and algae. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 23°33′S , 46°38′W ; 750 m asl : São Paulo State, São Paulo, many localities. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) • 25°26′S , 49°16′W ; 900 m asl : Paraná State, Curitiba, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) Chile : • 30°25′S – 37°45′S [ 30°40′S , 71°41′W ]; 620 m asl : Region IV Coquimbo (Región de Coquimbo), Bosque de Fray Jorge National Park, Fray Jorge, 420 km on north of Santiago de Chile , mosses or lichens from caudacifolio forest with N. obliqua var macrocarpa , mixed rainforest with Araucaria araucana , Nothofagus obliqua and N. dombeyi and steppe shrubs. Ramazzotti (1962a) • 30°25′S – 37°45′S [ 30°44′S , 70°43′W ]; 2,000 m asl : Region IV Coquimbo (Región de Coquimbo), near Los Molles, ca. 420 km on north of Santiago de Chile , mosses or lichens from caudacifolio forest with N. obliqua var macrocarpa , mixed rainforest with Araucaria araucana , Nothofagus obliqua and N. dombeyi and steppe shrubs. Ramazzotti (1962a) • 30°25′S – 37°45′S [ 32°58′S , 71°01′W ]; 1,900 m asl : Region V Valparaíso (Región de Valparaíso), Cerro El Roble, 45 km . on east of Valparaiso, mosses or lichens from caudacifolio forest with Nothofagus obliqua var macrocarpa , mixed rainforest with Araucaria araucana , Nothofagus obliqua and N. dombeyi and steppe shrubs. Ramazzotti (1962a) • 33°04′S , 70°57′W ; 1,100 m asl : Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), near Tiltil, leaf litter ( Drimys winteri var. chiloense ). Ramazzotti (1964a) • 33°20′S , 70°36′W ; 1,400 m asl : Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), Santiago de Chile and vicinity, Manquehue Mt., dry soil and mosses. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 33°20′S , 70°17′W ; 2,800–3,000 m asl : Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), La Parva, lichens. Ramazzotti (1964a) • 33°25′S , 70°31′W ; 800 m asl : Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), Santiago de Chile and vicinity, Valle de las Condes, dry soil and mosses. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 33°26′S , 70°38′W ; 670 m asl : Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), Santiago de Chile and vicinity, San Cristóbal Mt., dry soil and mosses. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 33°29′S , 70°36′W ; 550 m asl : Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), Santiago de Chile and vicinity, Quebrada de Macul and San Ramón, dry soil and mosses. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 33°36′S , 70°34′W ; 700 m asl : Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), Santiago de Chile and vicinity, Fundo Principal near Puente Alto, dry soil and mosses. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 35°00′S , 70°48′W ; 720–735 m asl : Region VII Maule (Región del Maule), Los Queñes/Curicò, mosses (2 samples). Ramazzotti (1964a) • 364°8′S , 73°01′W ; 0 m asl : Region VIII Biobío (Región del Biobío), neighbourhood of Concepción, mosses. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 30°25′S – 37°45′S [ 37 ° 43′S , 73 ° 02′W ], 1,500 m asl : Undefined locality in Region IX Araucania (Región de la Araucanía), Cordillera Nahuelbuta south of Concepción, mosses or lichens from caudacifolio forest with Nothofagus obliqua var macrocarpa , mixed rainforest. Ramazzotti (1962a) • 38°44′S , 72°35′W ; 100 m asl : Region IX Araucania (Región de la Araucanía), Temuco, lichens ( Parmelia sp., Leptogium ruginosum ). Richters (1911a) • 38°44′S , 72°35′W ; 100 m asl : Region IX Araucania (Región de la Araucanía), neighbourhood of Temuco, mosses. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 39°52′S , 73°23′W ; 100 m asl : Region XIV Los Ríos (Región de Los Ríos), neighbourhood of Valdivia-Niebla, mosses and algae. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 41°19′S , 72°58′W ; 50 m asl : Region X Los Lagos (Región de Los Lagos), Puerto Varas and Cayutué, mosses. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 42°37′S , 73°49′W ; 100 m asl : Region X Los Lagos (Región de Los Lagos), Chiloé Island , mosses. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 50°59′S , 73°00′W ; 1,200 m asl : Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Torres del Paine National Park, mosses on trees and rocks, nearly all in half sunlight. Maucci (1988) • 51°34′S , 72°36′W ; 200 m asl : Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Ultima Esperanza, near Cueva del Milodón, mosses on rocks, in sunlight. Maucci (1988) • 53°08′S , 70°54′W ; 0 m asl : Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Punta Arenas, mosses on branches, in the shade. Maucci (1988) • 53°18′S , 70°22′W ; 0 m asl : Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Porvenir, mosses. Rahm (1931 , 1932 ) • 54°30′S , 70°47′W ; 800 m asl : Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Timaukel, Alberto de Agostini National Park, hill S of Monte Sarmiento, mosses. Ramazzotti (1957) Colombia : • 07°09′N , 75°23′W ; 1,400 m asl : Antioquia Department, Cafetal La Camelia, lichens and hepatic ( Frulania okamiensis Steph.) on soil, hepatic ( Frullania evolita Steph. ), lichens and leaves, moss ( Brachythecium stereopoma (Spruce)) (3 samples). Heinis (1914) • 07°07′N , 73°02′W ; 700– 1,970 m asl : Santander Department, El Diviso Natural Reserve, Cypress forest ( Cupresus lusitanica ) and Pine forest ( Pinus patula ) and trail, mosses ( Lyperodon tomentosus , Thuidium peruvianum , Campylopus densicoma var. densicoma , Sematophyllum insularum ). Jerez & Narváez (2001) • 06°49′N , 72°56′W ; 1,460 m asl : Santander Department, Guaca, moss ( Squamidium nigricans Hook. ). Heinis (1914) • 04°36′N , 74°04′W ; 2,700 m asl : Bogota Department, above Bogota, mosses ( Pilopogon gracilis and Campylopus sp.). Heinis (1914) • 04°35′N , 74°03′W ; 3,200 m asl : Bogota Department, Páramo Cruz Verde, mosses ( Stereodon amabilis Mitt. , Rhacocarpus humboldtii (Hook.) , Pilopogon mulleri Hpe. , Dicranum wallisii C. M. and hepatic ( Frullania mathanii Steph. ). Heinis (1914) • 02°44′N , 76°50′W ; 2,000 m asl : Cauca Department, above Tambo, moss ( Thuidium sp.) and hepatic ( Frullania coalita Steph. ). Heinis (1914) Ecuador : • 00°22′S , 78°09′W ; 4,000 m asl : Napo Province, Papallacta Pass, moss ( Leptodontium viticulosoides ). Pilato et al. (2003a) Paraguay : • 22°39′S , 57°46′W ; 50 m asl : Concepción Department, Puerto Max, between Concepción and Rio Ata, lichens and mosses ( Forsstroemia cuspidata and Frullania sp.). Richters (1911a) • 25°20′S , 57°13′W ; 200 m asl : Cordillera Department, Cordillera de Altos, Tucangua, mosses and lichens on palm tree ( Acrocomia sclerocarpa ). Richters (1911a) Peru : • 13°04′48′′S , 72°18′00′′W ; 2,350 m asl [ 13 ° 10′S , 72 ° 33′W ; 2,500 m asl]: Cusco Region, Machu Picchu, mosses or lichens. Nickel et al. (2001) • 13°12′S , 69°38′W ; 1–3,000 ft asl / 300–900 m asl: Madre de Dios Region, Tambopata Valley. Murray & Wailes (1913) • 13°08′24′′S , 72°10′12′′W ; 2,300 m asl [ 13 ° 15′S , 72 ° 16′W ; 2,850 m asl]: Cusco Region, Ollantaytambo, mosses or lichens. Nickel et al. (2001) Uruguay : • 30°57′S , 57°31′W ; 50 m asl : Salto Department, Termas del Arapey, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 31°03′S , 57°38′W ; 50 m asl : Salto Department, Arroyo Palomas, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 31°20′S , 57°51′W ; 50 m asl : Salto Department, Arroyo San Antônio de Chico, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 31°23′S , 57°57′W ; 50 m asl : Salto Department, Salto, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 32°31′S , 55°46′W : Undefined locality, Cañada Cousillas, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 34°10′S , 55°49′W ; 50 m asl : Florida Department, Arroyo San Juan, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes Claps & Rossi (1997) • 34°25′S , 57°44′W ; 50 m asl : Colonia Department, Riachuelo, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 34°28′S , 57°50′W ; 0 m asl : Colonia Department, Colonia [Colonia del Sacramento], mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) Venezuela : • 10°33′N , 66°46′W ; 2,300 m asl : Region Capital, Avila [El Ávila National Park], mosses or lichens. Séméria (1993) Record numbers: Argentina : 47, Bolivia : 5, Brazil : 5, Chile 23, Colombia : 6, Ecuador : 1, Paraguay 2, Peru : 3, Uruguay : 8, Venezuela : 1; total: 101. Remarks: For over 150 years Milnesium was considered to be a monotypic, highly cosmopolitan genus. However, current research recognises over twenty congeners and suggests that Milnesium tardigradum sensu stricto is limited to the Palaearctic (see: Michalczyk et al. 2012a,b). All South American reports for M. tardigradum predate the re-description of M. tardigradum sensu stricto (Michalczyk et al. 2012a, b) and therefore these records should be considered dubious and require re-examination using modern taxonomy. Currently there is no evidence that M. tardigradum s. s. occurs in South America , and the above list probably represents a number of different Milnesium species (Michalczyk et al. 2012a,b).