The genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in the Mediterranean and the Maghreb in particular (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) Author Bosmans, Robert Author Kherbouche-Abrous, Ourida Author Benhalima, Souâd Author Hervé, Christophe text Zootaxa 2018 2018-07-30 4451 1 1 67 journal article 29293 10.11646/zootaxa.4451.1.1 62552028-dd96-4a85-bd83-5e86bd957be4 1175-5326 1445080 5DCE18B3-9DBA-48F5-AEF7-90A50B984EA5 Haplodrassus securifer Bosmans & Abrous , sp. n. Figs 145‒153 , 162‒166 , map 7 Drassodes invalidus : Simon 1914 : 138 , 210, fig. 243 (only ♂ , non ♀ = D. mediterraneus ; misidentification). Haplodrassus macellinus hebes : Denis 1948 : 146 ; Denis, 1967 : 35 (misidentifications). MAP 7 . Distribution of Haplodrassus securifer sp. n . FIGURES 145–153 . Haplodrassus securifer sp. n. (Tunisia, Gafsa). 145. Male, dorsal aspect; 146. Female, dorsal aspect; 147. Male palpal tibia, dorsolateral view; 148. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 149. Idem, ventral view; 150. Idem, prolateral view; 151. Epigyne, ventral view; 152. Vulva, ventral view. 153. Vulva, dorsal view. Types . Holotype ♂ , 3♂ paratypes from Algeria , Atlas of Blida , slopes to the gorge of Oued Chiffa ( N36°23’38” E2°48’24” ), 1000m , pitfalls in irrigated orchard, 27.VI.1989 ; ♂ holotype , 1 paratype : RBINS ; 2 paratypes : MNHN ( MNHN AR15709 ); 3♂ 2♀ paratypes from Algeria , Tamanrasset , Gara de l’Assekrem ( N23°17’1” E5°36’32” ), de Peyerimhoff leg., 3‒7.IV.1939 ( Denis 1948, as Haplodrassus macellinus hebes ) ( MNHN AR9226 ). Diagnosis. Haplodrassus securifer sp. n. is closely related to H. macellinus Thorell, 1871 . In males of H. macellinus the tibial apophysis is more elongate and more rounded terminally (fig. 237 versus Figs 147 , 163 ). The length and shape of the embolic apophysis is more elongate in H. macelllinus than in H. securifer , and as long as the embolus in H. securifer sp. n. ( Figs 149 , 162 ), much shorter than the embolus in H. macellinus (fig. 236). Females are distinguished by the hood as wide as the areola in H. securifer sp. n. ( Figs 151 , 165 ), half as wide in H. macellinus ( Figs 238, 239 ). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin noun securis (axe) and the verb ferre , to wear, and refers to the shape of the tibial apophysis resembling an axe. It also reminds the species names H. dentifer sp. n. and H. signifer . Description. Measurements: Male (n= 20): Total length 5.2‒6.5; carapace 2.1‒2.6 long, 1.7‒2.0 wide. Female (n= 10): Total length 6.0‒10.0; carapace 2.8‒2.9 long, 2.0‒2.2 wide. Colour: Carapace chestnut brown with darker eye region; chelicerae dark brown; legs yellowish brown; abdomen grey to pale grey, often dorsally pale grey with a darker grey pattern of stripes and chevrons: anteriorly with 3‒4 pairs of oblique stripes, posteriorly with 5‒6 chevrons; venter pale. Spination: Basal spination but ventral spines on Mt I and prolateral spines on Fe IV mostly missing. Male palp ( Figs 147‒151 , 162‒164 ): Tibial apophysis slightly curved, as long as the tibia’s diameter, very asymmetrical, dorsal margin strongly truncate in distal half ( Figs 147 , 163 ); median apophysis with relatively long hook; embolic apophysis curved a bit at base only, then almost straight, directed anteriorly, terminally pointed ( Figs 149 , 164 ); embolus hidden by large embolic apophysis. Epigyne: Epigyne slightly longer than wide, pro-fovea as long as fovea, anterior margin straight, poorly marked ( Figs 151 , 165 ); fovea somewhat longer than wide, pointed posteriorly; areola semi-circular, with anteromedian angularity; large and rounded lateral pockets, double the size of the receptacles ( Figs 152‒153 , 166 ). Further material examined. AFRICA: ALGERIA , Alger , Birtouta ( N36°38'2” E2°56'56” ), 1♂ 1♀ , pitfalls in orange garden, V.2012 , S. Bouseksou leg. ( COA ), Blida , Atlas Blidéen, Pic Abdelkader ( N36°24’14” E2°50’6” ), 1650m , 1♂ , pitfalls in Cedrus atlantica forest, 27.VI.1989 , idem, 1000m , 6♂ , pitfalls in grassland in orchard, 27.VI.1989 , O. Abrous leg. ( CRB ), M’sila , Aïn Oghrab ( N35°0’52” E4°6’24” ), 1♂ , E. Simon leg., Coll. Simon 12794 ( MNHN AR15710), Tizi Ouzou , Chabet El Ameur ( N36°37'4” E3°44'9” ), 250m , 1♂ , stones in fields, 20.IV.1990 , R. Bosmans leg ( CRB ). MOROCCO , Béni Mellal-Khénifra , Beni Mellal, Khemis des Oulad Ayad ( N32°11'04” E6°55'45” ), 400m , 2♂ , stones in irrigated fields, 16.IV.2012 , J. Van Keer leg. ( CJVK ), Fès-Meknès , Missour ( N33°2’24” W3°59’52” ), 1♂ , pitfalls in steppe, 24.IV.2002 , R. Bosmans leg. ( CRB ), Souss-Massa , Agadir ( N30°25’50” W9°37’24” ), 220m , 1♂ 1♀ , stones around old Kasbah, 28.IV.2012 , J. Van Keer leg. ( CJVK ), Igherm E. ( N30°8’11” W8°23’38” ), 1790m , 1♀ , stony steppe, 24.IV.2012 , J. Van Keer leg. ( CJVK ), TUNISIA , Beja , Nefza, road to Zouaraa beach ( N36°59'30” E8°58' 2), 1♂ , in maquis, 1.V.2006 , P. Pantini & A . Sassu leg. ( MCSNB ), Gafsa , Djébel Biada, S. Sened ( N34°24'44” E9°13'56” ), 1100m , 1♂ 2♀ , stones in steppe, 9.V.2006 , R. Bosmans leg. ( CRB ). EUROPE: PORTUGAL , Algarve , Castelo de Aljezur ( N37°19'0” W8°48'47” ), 1♂ 1♀ , stones in grassland near castle, 22.V.2007 , R. Bosmans leg. ( CRB ). GIBRALTAR ( N36°7'34” W5°20'43” ), 2♂ , E. Simon leg., Coll. Simon 14200 ( MNHN AR15704). SPAIN , Málaga , Alozaina ( N36°44'53” W4°50'33” ), 200m , 1♂ , stones in small Quercus suber forest, 9.IV.1999 , R. Bosmans leg. ( CRB ). ITALY , Puglia , Valenzano ( N41°2’46” E16°53’1” ), 1♂ , pitfalls in olive grove, 5.VI.2003 , R. Addante leg. ( MCSNB ), Sardinia , Sant’Antioco ( N39°4’12” E8°27’8” ), 1♂ , 1970 ( MCSNB ), Sicilia , Palermo, Terrasini, Riserva Naturale Orientata Capo Rama ( N38°8'22” E13°3’38” ), 2♂ 1♀ , 15‒25.V.2012 , pitfalls in palm grove, C. Cusimano leg. ( MCSNB ). BELGIUM , Limburg , Waterschei ( N51°0'36” E5°33'6” ), 1♂ , pitfalls on old mine slag-heap, 23.VIII.1992 , M. Janssen leg. (CMJ). FRANCE , Haute-Corse , Scandola Reserve, Île de Gargalu, 42°21’25” E8°34’0” ), 1♂ , under stones, 2‒16.V.2014 , P. Ponel leg. (CPO), Hérault : Clermont l’Hérault ( N43°38’59” E3°23’26” ), 175m , 1♂ , stones in open grassland, 13.V.2015 , P. Oger leg. (CPO), Pyrénées-Orientales , Banyuls-sur-Mer (42°28’54” E3°7’42” ), 3♂ 1♀ , as D. macellinus , Coll. Berland ( MNHN AR9225), Corneilla de Conflent, Mas Forges, ( N42°33’59” E2°22’50” ), 750m , 1♂ , pitfalls in deciduous forest, 8.VI‒8.VII.1982 , R. Bosmans leg. ( CRB ). Distribution. Haplodrassus securifer sp. n. appears to have a large distribution area: Portugal , Spain , Algeria , Morocco , Tunisia , France , Belgium and Italy (map 7). In Algeria , it was recorded in the Central North but also in the Hoggar in the South, in Morocco in the North and in the South, in Spain in Andalucía , in France in the South and in Italy in Puglia , Sardinia and Sicilia . The only record in Belgium is remarkable and is probably an introduction. The species was found on an old slag-heap of charcoal enjoying an exceptional warm microclimate. Some other rare Belgian species were found there, such as Agroecina lineata ( Simon, 1878 ) and Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879 ( Janssen 1994 ) . Although pitfalls traps were used during two consecutive years, only one male was found.