A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Author Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Author Whitfield, James B. Author Janzen, Daniel H. Author Winifred Hallwachs, Author Dyer, Lee A. Author Smith, M. Alex Author Hebert, Paul D. N. Author Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. text ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 1313-2970-890-1 FD8F695311F64DF2950F6A387340BCE5 2691DADB7BA352BEBA377C901FC0AC97 Glyptapanteles keithwillmotti Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Fig. 138 Female. Body length 2.73 mm , antenna length 3.23 mm , fore wing length 3.43 mm . Type material. Holotype : ECUADOR • 1♀ ; EC-36095, YY-A107; Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station , Yanayacu Road ; cloud forest; 2,100 m ; - 0.566667 , -77.866667 ; 20.xi.2008 ; CAPEA leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 05.xii.2008 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 10.i.2009 ; ( PUCE ) . Paratypes . • 5 ( 2♀ , 1♂ ) ( 2♀ , 0 ♂ ); EC-36095, YY-A107; same data as for holotype; ( PUCE ) . Other material. Reared material. ECUADOR : Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station , Rio Aliso , Isla del Rio Aliso : • 17 ( 5♀ , 0 ♂ ) ( 12♀ , 0 ♂ ); EC-29410, YY-A109; cloud forest; 2,100 m ; - 0.633333, -77.9; 23.i.2008 ; CAPEA leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 19.ii.2008 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 10.iii.2008 . Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station , Sendero Macuculoma , Plot 443 : • 15 ( 6♀ , 6♂ ) ( 1♀ , 2♂ ); EC-42168B, YY-A006; cloud forest; 2,014 m ; - 0.604806 , -77.886417 ; 11.ix.2009 ; Luis Salagaje leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 08.x.2009 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.x.2009 . Diagnosis. Petiole on T1 with rugae ( Fig. 138G, H ), lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition on T2 ( Fig. 138G, H ), and fore wing with r vein straight, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a stub ( Fig. 138K ). Figure 138. Glyptapanteles keithwillmotti sp. nov. female EC-29410 YY-A109, EC-36095 YY-A107 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T1-2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind. Coloration ( Fig. 138 A-L ). General body coloration polished black except distal half of scape, labrum, mandibles, lunules, BS , PFM and BS with brown-red/reddish tints; pedicel dark brown; first four-five proximal antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (light brown) than ventrally (dark brown), remaining flagellomeres dark brown on both sides; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except brown claws; hind legs yellow except black coxae with apex yellow, femora with brown apex, tibiae brown although both proximal and distal apexes are darkered, and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 black and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown, and lateral ends yellow-brown; T3 completely brown, but distally with a yellow-brown band; T4 and beyond brown; distally each tergum with a narrow yellowish translucent band. In lateral view, T1-2 yellow; T3-4 yellow, but dorsally yellow-brown, the extent of that dark area increasing from proximal to distal; T5 and beyond brown. S1-2 yellow; S3 yellow, but medially brown; S4 and beyond brown. Description. Head ( Fig. 138 A-D ). Head elongate with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.24:0.07, 0.26:0.07, 0.24:0.07), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.13:0.05, 0.10:0.05), antenna longer than body (3.23, 2.73); antennal scrobes-frons sloped and forming a shelf. Face flat or nearly so, punctations barely noticeable, interspaces smooth, and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctations barely noticeable, and interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.13). Malar suture absent or difficult to see. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide. Mesosoma ( Fig. 138A, E, F, I ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces smooth. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS , but not in the same plane, scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum completely concealed; BS mostly overlapping the MPM , rarely overlapping mostly the MPM ; ATS demilune with a little and complete parallel carinae; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with same kind of sculpture as mesoscutum and with a sloped transverse strip. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM oval/circular with a short proximal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM ; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with sculpture distally without a well delimited smooth area. Propodeum with a median longitudinal dent, but no trace of median longitudinal carina, proximal half weakly curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half slightly rugose; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by faintly concave/wavy carina; nucha surrounded by long radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band, central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum convex. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove deep, smooth and shiny; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped. Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.09). Hind coxa finely punctate throughout, and dorsal outer depression absent. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.25, 0.21), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.15, 0.14). Wings ( Fig. 138K, L ). Fore wing with r vein straight; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae evenly scattered in the margin. Metasoma ( Fig. 138A, G, H, J ). Metasoma cylindrical . Petiole on T1 with rugae all over except antero-median depression, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but barely narrowing over distal 1/3, apex truncate (length 0.40, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.12), and with scattered pubescence on distal half. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.18, length T2 0.18), edges of median area obscured by strong longitudinal stripes, median area broader than long (length 0.18, maximum width 0.27, minimum width 0.12); T2 with scattered pubescence throughout. T3 longer than T2 (0.27, 0.18) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense. Cocoons. Unknown. Comments. In some females, T3 with lateral ends lighter than remaining area; the middle coxae dorsally with a small brown spot. Laterally, the body is distinctively curved. Male. Similar in coloration to female, except that metasoma is more elongated and cylindrical . Etymology. Keith Willmott's interests lie in studying butterfly diversity, understanding its spatial and temporal patterns, investigating the evolution and maintenance of diversity, and applying results to biodiversity conservation. He works at the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA . Distribution. Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Ecuador , Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station (Sendero Macuculoma, Rio Aliso, and Yanayacu Road), during January and November 2008 and September 2009 at 2,014 m and 2,100 m in cloud forest. Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Host. Undetermined species of Noctuidae feeding on Dendrophorbium lloense ( Asteraceae ) and Salvia tortuosa ( Lamiaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in third instar.