New Polypheretima and Pithemera (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) species from the Mt. Malindang Range, Mindanao Island, Philippines Author Aspe, Nonillon M. Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Author James, Samuel W. Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University text Journal of Natural History 2015 2015-03-31 49 37 2233 2255 journal article 21135 10.1080/00222933.2015.1021875 b8546f1e-9186-421c-a535-5342fd7fe0d4 1464-5262 4000011 Pithemera duminagati sp. nov. ( Figures 2C and 3C ) Etymology The species is named for Barangay Lake Duminagat , the type locality . Table 3. Comparison of characters among Pithemera species in the Philippines. +, present; -, absent.

Character	Pithemera	Pithemera	Pithemera	Pithemera bicincta	Pithemera rotunda	Pithemera philippinensis
malindangensis sp.	duminagati sp.	donvictorianoi sp.	Perrier, 1875	James et al. 2004	James et al. 2004
nov.	nov.	nov.
Body pigmentation	White	White	White	?	White	Pigmented
Length	91–144	36–37	41–58	40–80	31–44	51–54
Cover of clitellum	xiv–1/2 xvi	xiv–1/2 xvi	xiv–xv	xiv–1/2xvi	xiv–l/2 xvi	xiv–l/2xvi
Spermathecal pores	4/5–8/9	4/5–8/9	5/6–8/9	4/5–8/9	4/5–8/9	4/5–8/9
Setae vii; xx	58; 30–40	43–48; 31–43	42–48; 41–57	42; 46	49–54; 48–61	56–68; 49–61
Male pore setae	2–4	0–3	8	?	9	9
Male pore spacing	0.2	0.13	0.11	0.2	?	?
Female pores	Paired	Paired	Paired	Paired	Paired	Paired
Genital markings	–	–	–	Paired in xviii–xix	Paired in xviii–xxii	–
Septa in 5/6–13/14	- in 8/9	- in 8/9	- in 8/9 and 13/14	- in 8/9	- in 8/9	- in 8/9
Dense tufts of nephridia	5/6/7	5/6/7/8	5/6/7/8	?	?	?
Origin of intestine	xiv	xv	xiv	xv	xv	xv
Caeca	xxii–xxi	xxii–xxi	xxii–xxi	xxii–xxi	xxii–xxi	xxii–xxi
Origin of typhlosole	xxii	xix	xxii	?	xxii	xxii
Location of hearts	x–xii	x–xii	x–xii	x–xii	x–xii	x–xii
Prostate glands	xvi–xix	xvi–xxi	xvi–xix	xvi–xix, xx	xvi–xx	xvii–xix

( Continued ) Table 3. (Continued).

Character	Pithemera
Pithemera	Pithemera	Pithemera	Pithemera	glandis Hong	Pithemera	Pithemera levii
duhuani Hong	fragumae Hong	ifugaoensis Hong	triangulata Hong	and James,	fusiformis Hong	Hong and
and James, 2008a	and James, 2008a	and James, 2008a	and James, 2008a	2011a	and James, 2011a	James, 2011a
Body	Brown dorsal	White	Light brown	Light brown	Brown dorsal	Brown dorsal	Brown dorsal
pigmentation
Length	53–59	53–101	38–65	47–76	62–108	20–22	50–65
Cover of clitellum	xiv–1/2xvi	xiv–1/2xvi	xiv–xvi	xiv–1/2xvi	xiv–1/2xvi	xiv–1/2xvi	xiv–1/2xvi
Spermathecal	4/5–8/9	4/5–8/9	4/5–8/9	4/5–6/7	4/5–8/9	4/5–8/9	4/5–7/8
pores
Setae vii; xx	40; 39	66; 69	41; 44	41; 44	53; 61	36; 47	54; 63
Male pore setae	6–7	10–15	8–10	1–3	8–11	10	6–7
Male pore spacing	0.32–0.37	0.24	0.15–0.24	0.1	0.18	0.31	0.13
Female pores	Paired	Paired	Paired	Paired	Paired	Single	Paired
Genital markings	Paired in xvii, xix	Paired in xvii –	Paired in xx	–	–	Paired in xix–xx	Paired in xviii–
or xviii only	xviii	xix
Septa in 5/6–13/14	- in 8/9	- in 8–10	- in 8/9	- in 8/9	- in 8/9 and 13/14	- in 8/9	- in 8/9
Dense tufts of	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
nephridia
Origin of intestine	xv	xv	xv	xv	xv	xv	xv
Caeca	xxii–xxi	xxii	xxii–xxi	xxii	xxii–xx	xxii–xxi	xxii–xxi
Origin of	xxii	xxii	xxii	xxii	xxii	–	xxii
typhlosole
Location of hearts	x–xii	xi–xii	x–xii	x–xii	x–xii	xi–xiii	x–xii
Prostate glands	xvi–xix	xvi–xix	xvi–xix	xviii	xvii–xix	xvii–xix	xvii–xix

Material examined Holotype : adult (NMA 4529), Mt. Malindang Range ( 8.2986°N , 123.6169°E ), Barangay Lake Duminagat , municipality of Don Victoriano , Misamis Occidental Province , Mindanao Island , Philippines ; 1357 m a.s.l; coll. Aspe et al., 9–15 October 2003 . Paratypes : two adults (NMA 4548), same collection data as for holotype. Diagnosis Very small, white worm; adult length 36–37 mm ; clitellum from xiv through half of xvi; five pairs of spermathecal pores, 4/5–8/9; distance between male pores 0.13 circumference apart; no genital markings; intestinal origin in xv; prostate glands from xvi–xxi. Description White; clitellum grey–brown. Adult length 36–37 mm (n = three adults); diameter 2.5 mm at x, 2 mm at xx; body cylindrical in cross-section, tail blunt; 88–95 segments. First dorsal pore at 12/13; paired spermathecal pores in 4/5/6/7/8/9, inconspicuous; female pores paired in xiv; male pores on paired porophores in xviii, 0.13 circumference apart, zero to three setae between openings. Clitellum annular, extending from xiv to half of xvi. Setae unevenly distributed, 43–48 setae on vii, 31–43 setae on xx; no dorsal or ventral gaps. Genital markings lacking. Septa 5/6/7/8 slightly muscular, 8/9 absent, 9/10–13/14 thinly muscular. Dense tufts of nephridia on anterior faces of 5/6/7/8; nephridia of intestinal segments located at septum/body wall junction, mainly on body wall near anterior and posterior faces of septa. Gizzard large, extending from viii to ix; oesophagus with lamellar section from xi to xiii; intestinal origin in xv; caeca from xxii to xxi; typhlosole a simple fold of about one-quarter lumen diameter, originating in xix, full size in xxii; intestinal wall lacks longitudinal blood vessels but has two pairs of vertical vessels per segment. Hearts in x–xii, oesophageal; commissural vessels in vi, vii and ix, lateral; lacking in viii; supra-oesophageal vessel extends from x to xii; extra oesophageal vessels joining ventral oesophageal wall in x, receiving efferent parieto-oesophageal vessels in xiv. Ovaries and funnels free in xiii; ovisacs in xiv; spermathecae five pairs from v to ix; duct short, slender; small, ovate ampulla; diverticulum stalk short, attached ectally to duct, terminating in short, pyriform receptacle; receptacle a small sphere lacking spermatozoal iridescence. Male sexual system holandric; testes and funnels enclosed in paired ventral sacs in x and xi; seminal vesicles in xi and xii; vasa deferentia slender, free from body wall, joining ental end of prostatic ducts; each prostate racemose, broad, 3- or 4-lobed, present from xvi to xxi; ectal half of duct expands to form muscular spindle; ducts in hairpin loop. Ental portion of duct with two lumens. Copulatory bursae lacking. Remarks Pithemera duminagati sp. nov. belongs to the Pi. bicincta group of Sims and Easton (1972) . Although Pi. duminagati sp. nov. is similar to Pi. bicincta in some characters, it differs from the latter in size, in lacking genital markings, in the distance between male pores, in the relative size of the prostates and in the origin of the intestine ( Table 3 ). Pithemera duminagati sp. nov. is similar to Pi. rotunda ( James et al. 2004 ) , another member of the bicincta group, in size and in being white, in septal arrangement, in intestinal origin and in the length of caeca, but Pi. duminagati sp. nov. has fewer setae between the male pores, lacks genital markings, and has proportionally larger prostate glands. Among the three Pithemera species from Mt. Malindang, Pi. duminagati sp. nov. is more similar to Pi. malindangensis sp. nov. in the extent of the clitellum, number of spermathecae and septal arrangement. Like Pi. donvictorianoi sp. nov. , Pi. duminagati sp. nov. is smaller in body size than Pi. malindangensis sp. nov. and has three pairs of dense tufts of nephridia on 5/6/7/8, whereas the latter has only two pairs on 5/6/7. Occurrence Pithemera duminagati sp. nov. was found outside the sampling plots at three of five sites: in primary and disturbed forest in Barangay Lake Duminagat and in disturbed forest in Barangay Sibucal, at elevations of 902–2027 m a.s.l. The soil it inhabited was covered with thick leaf litter and roots, bryophytes and lichens. We did not observe it on rotten logs.