Synopsis of the Grenadier Fishes (Gadiformes; Teleostei) of Taiwan Author Iwamoto, Tomio Section of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Author Nakayama, Naohide Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2 - 5 - 1 Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780 - 8073, Japan; Author Shao, Kwang-Tsao Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Author Table, Hsuan-Ching Ho text Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2015 2015-04-15 62 3 31 126 journal article 299670 10.5281/zenodo.11512126 522b8de7-880d-40ca-803e-aa5a3a05c5f6 0068-547X 11512126 Mataeocephalus ( Hyostomus ) hyostomus (Smith and Radcliffe, 1912 ) Figures 17A–B . Macrourus hyostomus Smith and Radcliffe in Radcliffe, 1912:121–122 , pl. 27, fig. 1 ( holotype , 280 mm TL, USNM 72938 , Lagonoy Gulf , Luzon I. , Philippines ; Albatross sta. 5470, 560 fm [ 1024 m ]; paratypes from Sibuku Bay , Borneo , 750 m , and Buton Strait , Celebes , 1022 m ). Coryphaenoides ( Hyomacrurus ) hyostomus : Gilbert and Hubbs, 1920:422–424 (redescription of types ; described new subgenus Hyomacrurus ). Hyomacrurus hyostomus : Marshall, 1973:565 (listed). Mataeocephalus ( Hyomacrurus ) hyostomus : Sazonov et al., 2003:294–296 , fig. 6 ( 7 spec. [including holotype ], 36.5–65.5 HL, 160+–283 TL; Philippines , 760–1100 m ).— Shao et al., 2008 : table 2 ( 2 spec. , Taiwan [ SWT , SCS ], 227–1040 m ; first record from Taiwan). FIGURE 16. Mataeocephalus ( Mataeocephalus ) cristatus Sazonov, Shcherbachev and Iwamoto, 2003 , ASIZP 66386, 262 mm TL. A. lateral view. B. dorsal view of head. FIGURE 17. Mataeocephalus ( Hyostomus ) hyostomus (Smith and Radcliffe, 1912 ) , ASIZP65550, 220 mm TL. A. lateral view. B. dorsal view of head. MATERIAL EXAMINED ( 2 spec. ).— SCS : ASIZP 65541 (1, 180+ TL), CD 142, 227– 335 m ; ASIZP 65550 (1, 220 TL), CD 134, 736– 1040 m . DISTINGUISHING FEATURES .— BR 6; P i16–i20; V 7–8; inner GR-I 5–8; scales below mid-1D 5.0–7.5; pyl. caeca 8–13. Snout 30–36% HL; orbit 22–25%; interorbital 22–26%; orbit to angle of preopercle 40–44%. Snout broad, moderately pointed and protruding; upper jaws extend posteriorly to below posterior 1 ⁄ 4 to 1 ⁄ 3 of orbit; spinous second ray of 1D weakly serrated near base, prolonged, 1.5 or more times HL; body scales densely covered with slender, slightly flattened, reclined spinules in somewhat convergent to divergent rows; underside of head almost fully scaled; window of light organ scarcely discernible from exterior; periproct relatively moderate in size, situated between V and A but closer to former. Attains at least 283 mm TL. (Adapted from Sazonov et al. 2003 .) DISTRIBUTION .— Known only from the Philippines , Indonesia , and Taiwan in 227–1100 m . REMARKS .— Our two specimens collected in the South China Sea in 227–1040 m were first recorded from Taiwan and the South China Sea by Shao et al. (2008 : table 2). Mataeocephalus hyostomus is closely similar to M. kotlyari Sazonov, Shcherbachev, and Iwamoto, 2003 , which is found in the sw. Pacific, but M. hyostomus has more pyl. caeca (16–19 cf. 8–13 in M. kotlyari ), V 7, rarely 6 vs. 7–8, rarely 9, and shorter 1D (88–119% HL vs. 124–295%).