Biotransformation of papaverine and in silico docking studies of the metabolites on human phosphodiesterase 10 a Author Eliwa, Duaa * & National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA & Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt Author Albadry, Mohamed A. * & National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA Author Ibrahim, Abdel-Rahim S. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt Author Kabbash, Amal Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt Author Meepagala, Kumudini USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS, USA Author Khan, Ikhlas A. * & National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA & * & Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA Author El-Aasr, Mona Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt Author Ross, Samir A. * & National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA & * & Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA text Phytochemistry 2021 112598 2021-03-31 183 1 12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112598 journal article 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112598 1873-3700 8291902 3.4. Microbial transformation using Cunninghamella echinulate ATCC 18968 Biotransformation of papaverine using Cunninghamella echinulate ATCC 18968 produced one metabolite. The residue ( 800 mg ) was dissolved in 30 ml of methanol/dichloromethane mixture (1:1) and adsorbed onto 800 mg Celite and dried. The adsorbed sample was placed onto a glass column (110 × 2 cm ) packed with silica after making a slurry in dichloromethane. The column was gradiently eluted with dichloromethane 100% then dichloromethane: methanol (98.5:1.5, 98:2) and 10 ml fractions were collected. Fractions 40–60 were pooled together to give compound 1 . Further purification was achieved using sephadex LH-20 column, as determined by TLC. The metabolite was obtained in the form of white powder ( 70 mg , R f 0.6 S 2 ).