The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Bolivia including the descriptions of fifteen new species, the resurrection of one genus and two species, seven new combinations, six new synonymies, and twenty-eight new records Author Sanborn, Allen F. text Zootaxa 2019 2019-08-12 4655 1 1 104 journal article 26048 10.11646/zootaxa.4655.1.1 dd972471-fb89-4202-b474-8e88a7f8f1c4 1175-5326 3365845 3B65A3A8-2D1E-4031-8BD4-5A1A327C4ADE Guyalna polypaga n. sp. ( Fig. 6 ) TYPE MATERIAL . Holotype . “ PERU : Loreto Pr.; nr. / jct. Rio Maranon & / Ucayali 73.5ºW 4.8ºS / 6–20–VIII–1994 / P.E. Skelley ” male ( FSCA ) . Paratypes . “ Bolivia , Dpto. Pando / Provincia Federico Román / Nueva Esperanza / 10 o 03’29.76”S / 65 o 20’26.54”W / Altitud 110m / (number 15 in circle) / 17 July 2007 ” one male ( AFSC , from Gonzalo Navarro) ; “ Bolivia , Dpto. Pando / Provincia Federico Román / Nueva Esperanza / 10 o 03’29.76”S / 65 o 20’26.54”W / Altitud 110m / 17 July 2007 ” two males ( AFSC , from Gonzalo Navarro) ; “ Bolivia , Dpto. Cochabamba / Provincia Chapare / Sajta / 17 o 06’12.83”S / 64 o 43’40.84”W / Altitude 230 m / 12 August 1998 (number 8 in circle)” one male ( AFSC , from Gonzalo Navarro) ; “ Bolivia , Dpto. Cochabamba / Provincia Chapare / Sajta / 17 o 06’12.83”S / 64 o 43’40.84”W / Altitude 230 m / 12 August 1998 ” one male ( AFSC , from Gonzalo Navarro) ; “ Hyutanahan / Rio Purus / Brazil / S.M. Klages // Jan. / 1922 // Carn. Mus. / Acc. 6963” 32 males ( CMNH ), three males ( AFSC ) ; “ BRAZIL : Amazonas / Manaus X.1961 / Coll. M. Melo // CMNH Acc. No. 31575” two males ( CMNH ), one male ( AFSC ) ; “ Cacaulandia Rondonia / BRASIL / Aug. 10–22, 1993 / Anna & Frank West // Blacklight ” one male ( AFSC ) ; “ BRAZIL : Rondonia / Fazenda Rancho Grande / Lote 23 , Linha C 20 , 60 km SE / Ariquernes, nr. Cacaulandia / 15–25 September 1992 / P.J. Clausen & A.M. Monson ” one male ( AFSC ) ; “ BRAZIL , Rondonia / Rancho Grande / August 1993 , / Vernon Evans ” one female ( BYUC ) ; “ BRAZIL Rondonia / Costa Marques / 3–XI–1986 / R. Wilkerson ” one male ( FSCA ) ; “ Brasil , Para / Mun. Benevides / Faz. Morelandia / GBFairchild // UVlight trap / ground level / 23–24–VI–1981 ” one male ( FSCA ) ; “ Itapura , Matto (sic) / Grosso , BRAZIL / 6, 8, 2 Jan. ’20 / Cornell U. Exp / R.G. Harris / Collector” one male ( AFSC ) ; “ COLOMBIA / Amazonas / Río Putumayo / Puerto Arica / at light 8:30PM / 9 July 1978 / M.A. Tidwell ” two males ( FSCA ), one male ( AFSC ) ; “ COLOMBIA : Río Putumayo / Puerto Arica 10–VII–1978 / Mac A. Tidwell / Malaise trap ” one male ( FSCA ) ; “ COLOMBIA : Amazonas / Isla de los Micos / VIII.1980 ” one male ( UCDC ) ; “ Ecuador , Orellana , Estacion / Cientifica Yasuni ; to UV & / merc. vap. lights ; 23–24Oct.2003 / D. Robacker , W. Warfield & M.H. Evans ” one male ( NYSM ) ; “ Ecuador , Orellana , Estacion / Cientifica Yasuni ; to UV & merc. vap. lights; 16–17Oct.2003 / D. Robacker , W. Warfield & M.H. Evans ” one male ( NYSM ) ; “ Ecuador , Orellana , Estacion / Cientifica Yasuni ; to UV & / merc. vap. lights; 18–19Oct.2003 / D. Robacker , W. Warfield & M.H. Evans ” one male and one female ( AFSC ) ; “ ECUADOR : Napo Prov. / Estación Cientifica Yasuní / 00 o 40’28”S 76 o 38’50”W / IX–5–10–1999 , UV light / Coll. E.G. Riley , 215 m . ” two males ( FSCA ), two males ( AFSC ) ; “ ECUADOR : Napo / Prov., 25km .e.Puerto / Napo, 450m . ix– –1997 / B.&B. Valentine coll. // Jatun Sacha / Biol. Reserve / u-v light / Valentine / Coll’n / Rec. 2016” one male ( FSCA ), one female ( AFSC ) ; “ Ecuador : Prov. Napo / Yasuni Res. Stn. On / mid Rio Tipulini / 0 o 40.5’ S 76 o 24’ W // 5 July 1999 / Mercury vapor light / Collected by: / C. Carleton & V. Moseley ” one male ( LSAM ) ; “ PERU : Loreto Pr.; nr. / jct. Rio Maranon & / Ucayali 73.5ºW 4.8ºS / 6–20–VIII–1994 / P.E. Skelley ” three males ( FSCA ), three males ( AFSC ) ; “ PERU Madre de Dios / Rio Tambopata Res. / 30 km (air) SW Puerto / Maldonado 290m 20–31 / – X–1982 R. Wilkerson ” two females ( FSCA ), one male ( AFSC ) ; “ PERU : Loreto Dept. / Explorama Inn / 18–22–VIII–1989 / S. Dunkle ” one male ( FSCA ) ; “ PERU : Loreto Prov. : / Explorama Lodge , 50mi. / N.E. Iquitos, 350’ / Amazon Rainforest / 16–21–VII–1989 / H.V. Weems Jr. ” one male ( FSCA ) ; “ PERU : Loreto Prov. : / Explorama Lodge , 25mi. / N.E. Iquitos / 19, 21–VII–1989 / G.B. Edwards / Amazon rainforest ” one male ( FSCA ), one male ( AFSC ) ; “ PERU : Dept. Loreto , 160km / NE Iquitos , Explornapo / Camp , 2 km from Rio / Napo on Rio Sucuaari / 27–31–VIII–1992 / Castner, Skelley, et al. ” one male ( FSCA ) ; “ PERU Madre de Dios / nr Puerto Maldonado / Posadas Amazonas // S12 48.115 W69 18.019 / 609ft ;( 30–IX )–( 3–X )–2004 / C R Bartlett ” two females ( AFSC ) ; “ PERU Madre de Dios / nr Puerto Maldonado / Posadas Amazonas / lodge@Rio Tambopata // S12 48.115 W69 18.019 / 609ft ; (7–10)– X–2004 / C R Bartlett ” one male ( AFSC ) ; “ PERU Madre de Dios / nr Puerto Maldonado / Posadas Amazonas / S12 48.115 W69 18.019 / 609ft ;( 30–IX )–( 3–X )–2004 / C R Bartlett ” three females ( AFSC ) ; “ PERU Madre de Dios / Tambopata Res. Zone / Tambopata Research / Cntr on Rio Tambopata // S13 08.305 W69 36.502 / 622 ft (3–7)– X–2004 / CRBartlett ” one female ( AFSC ) ; “ Peru : 1967–70 / Yarinacocha / Amazon Basin ” one male ( UMSP ); “ Putamayo River / Peru , 14 Aug. ’20 / Cornell Univ. Exp. ” one male ( AFSC ) ; “ Peru near Pevas / along Amazon River / at lights on river boat / 2 OCT 1994 / leg. Robert R. Bloye ” one male ( AFSC ) ; “ PERU : Pucallpa , / Loreto / 5 August 1962 / W. T. Van Velzen ” five males ( AFSC ) ; “ PERU : Pucallpa , / Loreto / 3 August 1962 / W. T. Van Velzen ” one male ( AFSC ) ; “ PERU : Pucallpa , / Loreto / 29 July 1962 / W. T. Van Velzen ” one male ( AFSC ) ; PERU : Pos.Amazonas / Dept. Madre de Dios / 12. 48, 17–69. 17. 35 / 1–10 Oct 2004 / H. Romack 100 m ” three males and four females ( NYSM ) ; two males and two females ( AFSC ). REMARKS. The Peruvian specimen chosen as the holotype retained the original coloration to the greatest degree as did a number of specimens collected in Peru . For this reason, the fact the majority of specimen originated in Peru , and Peru is centrally located within the distribution of the species, a Peruvian specimen was chosen as the holotype over a Bolivian example. The green disappeared in what was to be the holotype when placed in the humidity of the softening jar for a few hours. Another from that series was then chosen and was not exposed to the conditions of the softening jar to retain the original coloration. There is a range of coloration patterns and the distribution of pile on the abdomen within the type series. The chemical alteration has led to ochraceous replacing green in many specimens and the pile has been removed partially or completely from the abdomen in several specimens. When present, the pattern in the abdominal pile and body size make the species easy to distinguish from the remaining Bolivian species of Guyalna . ETYMOLOGY. The name is a combination of poly – (Gr., polys , many) and – paga (L., pagus , country) in reference to expansive distribution of this new species being found in multiple countries. DESCRIPTION. Ground color of head and thorax castaneous marked with piceous, tawny and green, abdomen castaneous and piceous. The green coloration has faded or been chemically altered by the light traps to ochraceous in many specimens. Green is considered the original color over ochraceous the majority of Peruvian series is colored in this manner with only a few exhibiting the ochraceous markings. I will use green instead of ochraceous in the description with the understanding that green can be replaced by ochraceous. Head. Head wider than mesonotum almost as wide as lateral angle of pronotal collar, green with transverse piceous fascia beginning on anterolateral vertex including posteromedial corner of supra-antennal plate encompassing the entire frons and extending and encompassing the ocelli, mark does not reach anterior margin of vertex or supra-antennal plate, mark margined posteriorly on vertex with castaneous reaching posterior head on dorsal midline, castaneous replaces green in some paratypes , piceous posterior to eye. Head covered with dense, short silvery pile dorsally, longer posterior to eye. Ocelli red, rosaceous in some paratypes , eyes dark castaneous, ochraceous in some paratypes . Ventral head piceous except green on gena next to lorum and green anterior quarter of lorum, green on gena reduced some paratypes , green extending from dorsal vertex medial to eye in some paratypes . Postclypeus centrally sulcate not reaching apex, piceous except for green ten transverse ridges, dorsal surface, ovoid spot near apex and mark on ventroposterior midline at base of sulcus, mark expands laterally in some paratypes , ventroposterior and lateral margins dark ochraceous. Anteclypeus piceous with green carina and medial half of anterior margin. Long white pile on lorum and gena, white pubescence in lorum, gena, within central sulcus, lateral postclypeus, within transverse grooves and anteclypeus. Mentum green, tawny laterally, labium with green base, castaneous becoming piceous distally. Rostrum reaching to posterior trochanters. Scape castaneous, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Dorsal thorax green marked with castaneous and piceous. Prothorax with green midline, anterior margin and posterior, castaneous on disc, transverse piceous fascia on posterior midline margin forming flattened Ushape, piceous spots on either side of midline on anterior margin, piceous within posterior paramedian fissure, mark extends posteriorly onto disc in some paratypes , dark castaneous in anterior lateral fissure, some paratypes with dark castaneous or piceous mark extending from posterior lateral fissure continuing along ambient fissure sometimes fusing to central transverse fascia, marks reduced in other paratypes , silvery pile on disc and within fissures, only within fissures in some paratypes . Pronotal collar green covered with silvery pile, piceous pile radiating from margin of lateral part of pronotal collar. Mesothorax green, castaneous within lateral sigillae connecting anteriorly cruciform elevation and extending and narrowing anteriorly along dorsal midline terminating between posterior submedian sigillae, piceous submedian sigillae and anterior lateral sigillae, posterior lateral to cruciform elevation, scutal depressions, and a pair of piceous spots on either side of midline on disc about half distance between posterior submedian sigillae and cruciform elevation, fused and enlarged in some paratypes , wing groove piceous except for green spot near base of hind wing. Silvery pile on disc, dense, longer and denser silvery pile on anterolateral and lateral mesonotum, in wing groove, on cruciform elevation, and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, dense, long piceous pile on lateral mesonotum at level of hind wing plaga and posterior margin next to cruciform elevation, piceous pile absent in some paratypes . Metanotum green with long, dense silvery pile. Ventral thoracic segments green except piceous basisternum 2, medial katepisternum 2, medial and posterior katepimeron 2, meron 2, all but medial green spot on basisternum 3, trochantin 3, and episternum 3. Thoracic sternites covered with white pubescence and white pile. Wings. Fore wing and wings hyaline, slight milky appearance when viewed at an angle. Venation green at base becoming tawny and finally piceous distally, costal margin piceous at node, subcostal vein piceous beyond node, radius anterior and radius posterior piceous, part or all of median vein along proximal ulnar cell 2 piceous in some paratypes , proximal half of anal vein 2 + 3 piceous. Basal cell greenish at base, bordered with piceous anteriorly, arculus piceous, pterostigma extending to about radial crossvein, basal membrane of fore wing grayish, posterior darker. Hind wing venation proximally greenish or ochraceous becoming piceous distally except ochraceous cubitus anterior and anal vein 2 and piceous anal vein 3. Anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3, anal cell 1 along anal vein 2 grayish, infuscation at base of cubital cell 2 and along grayish in anal cell 2. Legs. Legs green marked with tawny and piceous, coxae tawny anterolaterally and posterolaterally with piceous spot medially, trochanters tawny dorsally with piceous fascia on anterior and posterior surfaces, femora tawny dorsally with piceous longitudinal fascia on anterior and posterior surfaces, castaneous in middle and hind femora, tibiae green with piceous distal terminus, terminus dark castaneous in middle tibiae and castaneous in hind tibiae, tarsi and pretarsal claws piceous. Fore femora with proximal spine angled, secondary spine upright about the same length as primary spine, tertiary spine very small, slightly angled, all spines piceous. Tibial spurs and tibial combs castaneous. Legs with long white pile, becoming castaneous distally, and white pubescence. Operculum. Male operculum piceous except green on posterior and lateral domed region, green spot at base and green region margined with castaneous in some paratypes , with short golden pile covered with white pubescence, slightly expanded at lateral base, lateral margin curved mediad, rounded posterolateral margin forming an approximate right angle between lateral and posterior margins, posterior margin straight before angling anteriorly at base of trochanter to rounded medial margin, not meeting medially, reaching to anterior of sternite II, barely covering tympanal cavity medially not coving tympanal cavity posterolaterally. Meracanthus pointed, green with piceous base, not reaching posterior opercular margin extending to posterior sternite I. Female operculum similarly shaped and colored except for curved posterior margin, reaching to middle of meracanthus medially and anterior of sternite II posteriorly. Meracanthus as in male except reaching beyond middle of sternite II. Abdomen. Abdomen tergites castaneous with green posterior margin, anterior margin of tergite 2 piceous to anterolateral timbal cover, anterior margins of tergites 3–8 piceous, tergites covered with dense silvery pile, silvery pile interrupted with piceous pile medial to timbal cavity on tergite 2 continuing laterally across tergites 5–7 terminating on anterior of lateral tergite 7 forming a pair of piceous lines across dorsolateral tergites, parallel piceous pile from medial tergite 7 terminating in dorsolateral tergite 8, piceous pile on anterolateral tergite 3, long castaneous pile radiating from tergite 8, pile reduced or absent in some paratypes , piceous regions reduced in some female paratypes . Timbal cover green, tawny in some paratypes , with piceous dorsolateral margin smoothly curving around posterior timbal cavity, incomplete exposing timbal dorsally, anterolateral margin rounded, ventral margin straight, parallel to long body axis. Timbal white with dark castaneous markings visible through opening in timbal cover. Male sternite I piceous, sternite II piceous with castaneous posterolateral margin, sternites III–VI tawny, sternite III with medial castaneous spot, variable numbers or all of sternites III–VI with castaneous spot in paratypes , sternite VII castaneous anteriorly, piceous posteriorly, sternite VIII piceous with V-shaped notch posteriorly, sternites III–VI translucent, long castaneous pile radiating from sternites, shorter piceous pile on midline of sternites III–VI, epipleurites castaneous covered with piceous pile, sternites covered with white pubescence, denser laterally. Female tergites similarly colored to male, some paratypes with posterior margins of sternites piceous, castaneous or green midline in other paratypes , white pubescence and pile as in male. Female sternite VII with single open U-shaped notch, posteriorly angled posterior margin to rounded posterolateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 with castaneous with green ventral surface and posterior margin, piceous ventral margin, spot on ventrolateral surface near ventral curve to posterior margin, enlarging to encompass entire ventroposterior corner in some paratypes , and dorsal beak, radiating long golden pile, covered with short silvery pile, short piceous pile forming stripe on either side of midline and anterior half of dorsolateral surface. Dorsal beak extending beyond piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 smoothly curved. Genitalia. Male pygofer castaneous with piceous dorsoposterior margin between distal shoulders, ventral margin green in some paratypes , piceous distal basal lobe, distal uncus, and anal styles. Dorsal beak absent. Pygofer basal lobe straight, extended, curved so that concave surface faces inward, with roughly squared apex. Uncal dorsal crest knob-like emerging at slightly oblique angle with rounded terminus. Lateral branch of uncus recurved ventrally to rounded apex, posteromedial margin straight meeting under the median uncus lobe to surround aedeagus. Aedeagus castaneous with a tawny terminal membrane. Female gonocoxite IX castaneous with piceous medial margin. Gonapophysis IX piceous or castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath extends beyond dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath, ovipositor sheath and anal styles covered with short golden pile. MEASUREMENTS ( MM ). N = 10 males or 10 females , mean (range). Length of body: males 18.95 (18.0–20.05), females 18.21 (17.5–20.35); length of fore wing: males 25.45 (23.6–26.75), females 26.08 (25.0–26.9); width of fore wing: males 8.23 (7.85–8.55), females 8.23 (7.9–8.55); length of head: males 2.70 (2.65–2.75), females 2.75 (2.65–2.9); width of head including eyes: males 7.34 (6.95–7.65), females 7.34 (7.05–7.6); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: males 7.39 (7.15–7.7), females 7.36 (7.05–7.65); width of mesonotum: males 6.19 (5.6–6.5), females 6.36 (6.1–6.7). DIAGNOSIS. The majority of species of Guyalna can be distinguished from Guyalna polypaga n. sp. by exhibiting bronzed fore wings, infuscated basal areas of the wings, infuscation on the radial and radiomedial crossveins, larger (greater than 20 mm ) or smaller (less than 16 mm ) body size, or completely piceous lateral sigillae. The most similar species in Bolivia is G. platyrhina which can be distinguished by its smaller body size, the flattened postclypeus when viewed from the side, the piceous markings on the dorsal abdominal midline and the lack of abdominal pile found in G. polypaga n. sp. Other potential species of similar size and coloration are G. cuta ( Walker, 1850 ) , and G. nigra Boulard, 1998 and this new species shares characteristics of both of the species. Guyalna cuta can be distinguished from this new species by the more stout body, the complete transverse piceous fascia on the dorsal head connecting to the piceous margin of the eye, the lack of piceous markings within the transverse grooves of the ventral postclypeus, the absence of the piceous mark on the dorsal midline of the pronotal ambient fissure, the male opercula are larger almost meeting medially, the posterior margin of the female operculum is transverse with a strong curve to the medial terminus, the pygofer basal lobes have a triangular terminus, the uncal dorsal crest extends prior to the dorsal terminus of the uncus, and the notch in female sternite VII is smoothly curved appearing semicircular. The final similar species is the slightly larger G. nigra but it can be distinguished by the complete transverse piceous fascia on the dorsal head, the dorsal opening to the timbal cavity is angled anteriorly at the dorsal terminus and at the extension of the timbal cover connected by a straight region along the opening to the timbal cavity rather than being smoothly curved along the entire opening to the timbal cavity, the male opercula are larger almost meeting over abdominal sternite I but barely cover the tympanal cavity in the new species, the abdominal tergites are mostly piceous, the series of castaneous spots on the midline of the female abdominal sternites rather than the ochraceous circle formed on the abdominal sternites of the new species, the basal pygofer lobes have a triangular, recurved tip rather than the semicircular terminus of the new species, the uncal dorsal crest is longer, the lateral branch of the uncus terminates in a pointed recurved tip, and the posterior margin of female sternite VII is almost transverse rather than angling posteriorly as in this new species. Although G. nadae ( Gogala et al . 2015 ) has some similar markings, it is significantly smaller with body lengths less than 13.6 mm . FIGURE 6. Guyalna polypaga n. sp. : A, paratype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, paratype male timbal; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, paratype male lateral view of genitalia; G, paratype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–E, 2 mm; F–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm. DISTRIBUTION. The species has an expansive distribution with members of the type series being collected in Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador and Peru .