The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) Author Penz, Carla M. text Zootaxa 2009 1985 1 20 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.185409 1e8adb1d-85ac-48e8-98ba-42355c1d777a 1175-5326 185409 syme -group The name of this group is maintained from the original classification by Stichel (1902) . Opoptera syme (typespecies of the genus), O. sulcius and O. fruhstorferi form a monophyletic group supported by the following unambiguous character changes ( Fig. 3 C): presence of a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell (character 12:1, also present in O. bracteolata ; Fig. 1 I); mid- and hindlegs, color of the distal edge of each segment and subsegment similar to the color of the segments themselves (17:0, unique); setose portion of valva tip flattened, palmate (26:1, unique; Fig. 4 A). Male genitalia are very similar within the syme-group. All species have long, narrow valvae that extend nearly to, or beyond the uncus tip in lateral view ( Fig. 4 A–C). Opoptera syme and O. sulcius share the presence of a spine-like expansion on the proximal region of the gnathos (30:1, Fig. 4 A), and the palmate valva tip is more strongly projected ventrally in lateral view than in O. fruhstorferi (27:0; Fig. 4 A–C). Although O. sulcius and O. fruhstorferi share a broad proximal arm of the FW postmedial band, the grouping of these two species as sister taxa increases tree length by one step.