Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae) Author Ho, Hsuan-Ching Author Smith, David G. Author Tighe, Kenneth A. text Zootaxa 2015 4060 1 86 104 journal article 39199 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12 ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b 1175-5326 237500 DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62 Dysomma polycatodon Karrer, 1983 Fig. 7 ; Table 3 Dysomma polycatodon Karrer, 1983 :89 ( type locality: Northwestern Madagascar , 15°21'S , 46°11'E , depth 170–175 m ). Robins & Robins, 1989 :250 . Smith, 1999 :1661 . Chen & Mok, 2001 :79 . Specimens examined. Collected from Daxi fishing port, NE Taiwan , bottom trawl: ASIZP 60188 (1 spec., 453 mm TL), 15 Oct. 1997 . NMMB-P384 (1, 326), 23 Jan. 1994 . NMMB-P11120 (1, 544), 6 Sep. 2010 . USNM 372011 (1, 362), 12 Sep 1998 . USNM 398475 (1, 384), 10 Sep. 2007 . Collected from Dong-gang fishing port, SW Taiwan , bottom trawl: ASIZP 55560 (1, 358), 15 Jan. 1981 . NMMB-P2843 (1, 505), 100 m , 8 Nov. 2001 . NMMB- P3652 (1,321), 150 m , 28 May 2012 . NMMB-P9076 (1, 250), 13 Jun. 2008 . NMMB-P11128 (2, 310–333), 13 Sep. 2010 . NMMB-P11129 (1, 400), 13 Sep. 2011 . NMMB-P11132 (1, 365), 6 Sep. 2010 . NMMB-P12070 (1, 550), 18 Feb. 2011 . NMMB-P12625 (2, 372–375), 25 Mar. 2011 . NMMB-P15256 (1, 407), 28 Oct. 2011 . NMMB-P15625 (2, 367–371), 25 Mar. 2011 . NMMB-P16388 (1, 274), 21 Feb. 2012 . NMMB-P17776 (1, 344), 9 Aug. 2012 . NMMB-P17783 (1, 544), 9 Aug. 2012 . NMMB-P18040 (3, 500–600), no date. NMMB-P19278 (1, 260), 10 Nov. 2011 . USNM 398736 (1, 196), 14 Nov. 2009 . USNM 398737 (1, 265), 14 Nov. 2009 . USNM 402447 (5, 275–362), Nov. 2009 . USNM 410020 (1, 382), 26 Feb. 2011 . USNM 427171 (1, 311), 16 Nov. 2011 . Collected from Shiaoliu-chiu, SW Taiwan : NMMB-P3415 (1, 355), 26 Dec. 2003 . Other localities . Philippines : USNM 344108 (1, 436), 23 Sep. 1995 . Madagascar : MNHN 1979–0003 (1, 523), holotype , 15°19'58.8"S , 46°11'2.4"E , 170–175 m , 19 Jan. 1979 . Diagnosis. Pectoral fin present; dorsal-fin origin anterior tolevel of pectoral fin base, predorsal length 10.0– 12.9% TL; anus anterior, just below pectoral fin, preanal length 15.5–18.2% TL; trunk very short, trunk length 2.4– 3.9% TL; 2 intermaxillary teeth; 3 compound teeth on vomer; 3 or 4 rows of small sharp teeth on upper jaw; single row of 2 large anterior teeth followed by 22–31 small sharp teeth on lower jaw; head pores: IO 4, SO 3, M 6, POP 0 (1 with 1), AD 1 (1with 0); lateral-line pores: predorsal 3–5, prepectoral 5–7, preanal 8–11, and total 65–78, the last at about anterior two-thirds of total length; MVF 8-13-130, total vertebrae 128–133 (1 with 120). Body light grayish to brown dorsally, paler ventrally; posterior half of anal-fin base deep brown, and dorsal and anal fins with white margins. Remarks. The holotype of this species, collected off Madagascar , has 140 vertebrae ( Karrer, 1983 ), significantly more than the specimens from Taiwan (128–133). One of two specimens in NMMB-P18040 has only 120 total vertebrae. However, no other difference can be observed and the vertebrae appear to be complete. This specimen may represent a different species when more specimens are available.