Stigmellamultispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) Author Nieukerken, Erik J. van Author Gilrein, Daniel Owen Author Eiseman, Charles S. text ZooKeys 2018 784 95 125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296 1313-2970-784-95 3436AC4AC7DD421C838E0F4FFE74152B 3436AC4AC7DD421C838E0F4FFE74152B Stigmella apicialbella (Chambers) Newton & Wilkinson Figures 34, 36-39 Nepticula apicialbella Chambers, 1873: 127. Stigmella apicialbella : Newton and Wilkinson 1982 : 413. Diagnosis. Stigmella apicialbella (Figure 34) can easily be recognized by the combination of a yellow head, white collar, and forewing with a narrow medial white fascia and an apical triangular white spot extending into the fringe. The basal half of the forewing is a bit more brown or fuscous, whereas the apical part is almost black with coarse scaling. The male genitalia are remarkably "bulky" and do not resemble any other North American species ( Newton and Wilkinson 1982 ). Figures 34-35. North American Ulmus feeding Nepticulidae , adults. 34 Stigmella apicialbella , Massachusetts, Hampshire Co., Northampton 35 Ectoedemia ulmella , male, Tennessee, Blount Co., Townsend. Photographs C. Eiseman, E.J. van Nieukerken. Biology. Host plants. Ulmus americana L., U. alata Michx., U. rubra Muhl. (= fulva Michx.), U. thomasii Sarg. (= racemosa D. Thomas), Ulmus spp. ( Ulmaceae ) ( Braun 1917 , Newton and Wilkinson 1982 ). Ulmus alata constitutes a new host record. Leafmine (Figs 36-39). Egg on either leaf surface, may be against a vein, but never in leaf axil. Mines linear, usually rather straight, partly following veins, or more contorted; frass variable, from narrow linear to contorted, green or brown, sometimes completely filling the mine. Larval exit on leaf upperside. Figures 36-39. Stigmella apicialbella , leafmines. 36 Vacated mine, Canada, Quebec , Brome-Missisquoi, RMNH.INS.40376 37 Vacated mine, USA, Connecticut, Litchfield Co., Canaan, RMNH.INS.43576 38 Vacated mine, USA, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., Black Prairie Reserve, RMNH.INS.43158 39 Mine with larva, USA, Tennessee, Obion Co. Scale bars 5 mm. Photographs E.J. van Nieukerken, C. Eiseman (39). Larva (Figure 39). Yellow, feeding with dorsum upwards; head capsule brown. Larva spinning a brown cocoon on debris. Life history. Bivoltine, or possibly trivoltine ( Braun 1917 ). Larvae in June to early July, again in August to October. Adults recorded from April to early July and again in August. Distribution. Widespread in Eastern North America, positive records from: Canada: New Brunswick, Ontario (BOLD: BIOUG33718-A12), Quebec (van Nieukerken 2018 ), USA: Alabama*, Connecticut*, Georgia*, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky ( Chambers 1873 ), Massachusetts, Mississippi*, New York*, North Carolina, Ohio ( Braun 1917 ), Tennessee, Vermont. States without reference are new records: from states with asterisk we have as yet only seen vacated mines; from the other states the occurrence is confirmed by adults or DNA barcodes of larvae. DNA barcodes. We have three DNA barcodes, all with BINBOLD: ACG9146 (Figure 44). Remarks. The leafmines of this species are remarkably variable. Since we have not seen any adults or DNA barcodes yet from the southernmost states, the possibility that some of these mines represent other taxa cannot be excluded. Material examined. Canada: 1 larva, several mines, Quebec , Brome-Missisquoi, St Armand, Etang Streit, 7.ix.2015, Ulmus americana ; 1♀, Quebec , Gatineau, Aylmer, 18 rue Washington, 19.v.1998. United States: several vacated mines, Alabama, Monroe Co., Haines Island Park, along Alabama River, 12.x.2010, Ulmus ; several vacated mines, Connecticut, Litchfield Co., Canaan, Page Road near Falls Village, 11.ix.2011, U. americana ; 8 vacated mines, Georgia, Murray Co., Chattahoochee Nat. Forest, E of Chatsworth, GA rd 52, 14.x.2010, U. alata ; 1♂, Indiana, St. Joseph Co., 25.v.2010; 1♂, ibidem, 13.viii.2010; 3♂, ibidem, 15.viii.2010; 1♂, Kentucky [Kenton Co., Covington], Lectotype; 1 adult, Massachusetts, Hampshire Co., Northampton, Northampton Bikeway west of King St., 13.ix.2013, Ulmus , emerged 22.v.2014; 3 vacated mines, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., Black Prairie Reserve, nr 16th Section Rd, 6.x.2010, U. alata ; 1 vacated mine, Mississippi, Winston Co., Tombigbee Nat. Forest, Noxubee Hills trailhead, 7.x.2010, U. alata ; 2 vacated mines, New York, Essex Co, S Wilmington, W branch Ausable river, 13.ix.2011, U. americana ; 1 larva, mines, Tennessee, Obion Co., Reelfoot Lake, 17.xi.2012, Ulmus ; 1 larva, 2 mines, Vermont, Addison Co., Addison, Dead Creek WMA, 16.ix.2011, U. americana ; 1 vacated mine, Vermont, Chittenden Co., Burlington, Colchester Bog, 5.ix.2015, U. americana . Online photographs: Canada: vacated mine, New Brunswick, York Co., Fredericton, 28.viii.2015, Christopher Adam, https://bugguide.net/node/view/1162297, United States: 1 adult, Illinois, Cook Co., Glencoe, 22.v.2017, James F. Steffen, https://bugguide.net/node/view/1373817; mine with larva, North Carolina, Durham Co., Durham, Pelham Road, 25.vi.2016, U. alata , Tracy S. Feldman, https://bugguide.net/node/view/1247382, plus many records of vacated mines from NC.