A revision of Panscopaeus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) Author Assing, Volker text Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 2011 2011-11-10 61 2 389 411 http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.61.2.389-411 journal article 10.21248/contrib.entomol.61.2.389-411 0005-805X 10110064 Panscopaeus lithocharoides ( SHARP , 1874) ( Figs 1-21 ) Scopaeus lithocharoides SHARP, 1874: 63 . Panscopaeus lithocharoides : SHARP (1889) . Achenomorphus lithocharoides : ITO (1992) . Panscopaeus lithocharoides : HERMAN (2003) , SMETANASMETANA (2004). Medostilicus deharvengi COIFFAIT, 1982: 102 ; syn. n. Type material examined: Scopaeus lithocharoides : Lectotype ♂ , present designation: " Japan . G. Lewis. / Scopaeus lithocharoides type D.S. / Sharp Coll 1905-313 / Type / Syntype / Lectotypus ♂ Scopaeus lithocharoides Sharp , desig. V. Assing 2010 / Panscopaeus lithocharoides (Sharp) , det. V. Assing 2010" ( BMNH ) . Paralectotypes : 1 ♂ : originally on same label as lectotype ; now mounted separately; 1 ♀ : " Japan . G. Lewis / Sharp-Coll 1905-313. / Panscopaeus lithocharoides Shp. Co-type / Panscopaeus lithocharoides Shp. Cotypus / Brit. Museum Don. Arrow / Chicago NHMus. M. Bernhauer Collection / Syntype ♀ Scopaeus lithocharoides Sharp , rev. V. Assing 2010 / Panscopaeus lithocharoides (Sharp) , det. V. Assing 2010" ( FMNH ) ; 1 ♀ : " Japan . G. Lewis. 1910-320. / lithocharoides Shp. Cotypus / Brit. Museum Don. Arrow / Chicago NHMus. M.Bernhauer Collection / Syntype ♀ Scopaeus lithocharoides Sharp , rev. V. Assing 2010 / Panscopaeus lithocharoides (Sharp) , det. V. Assing 2010" ( FMNH ) . Figs 1-11: Panscopaeus lithocharoides : habitus ( 1 ); forebody ( 2 ); median dorsal portion of head ( 3 ); labrum ( 4 ); anterior median portion of labrum ( 5 ); ligula ( 6 ); left and right mandible ( 7-8 ); median dorsal portion of pronotum ( 9 ); male sternite VIII ( 10-11 ). Scale bars: 1: 1.0 mm; 2: 0.5 mm; 10-11: 0.2 mm; 3-9: 0.1 mm. Figs 12-21: Panscopaeus lithocharoides : aedeagus in lateral view of males from Japan ( 12-14 ), China ( 15 ), and Nepal ( 18 ); apical portion in lateral and in ventral view of holotype of M. deharvengi ( 16-17 ); aedeagus in ventral view of males from Nepal ( 19 ), Japan ( 20 ), and China ( 21 ). Scale bar: 0.2 mm. Medostilicus deharvengi : Holotype ♂ : " Nepal , 4-X-77, Chama à Tarapani , 2020 m , LD-120 / Holotype / Medostilicus deharvengi H. Coiffait 1978 / Panscopaeus lithocharoides (Sharp) , det. V. Assing 2010" ( MNHNP ) . Paratype ♀ : same data as holotype ( MNHNP ) . Comment: Scopaeus lithocharoideslithocharoides was described from several syntypes from "rubbish heaps, Mogi Bay, near Nagasaki " ( SHARP 1874 ). Two male syntypes , both of them originally glued on the same label, were located in the Sharp collection at the BMNH; the male in better condition is designated as the lectotype . Two additional females that probably qualify as syntypes were found in the Bernhauer collection. They are labelled as syntypes because the type material in the collections of the BMNH were discovered only after the additional syntypes had been returned. The species was attributed to PanscopaeusPanscopaeus as the type species by monotypy by SHARP (1889) . The original description of Medostilicus deharvengi is based on a male holotype and two female paratypes from " Népal , entre Chame et Tarapani, 2020 m " ( COIFFAIT 1982 ). The holotype and one of the paratypes were located in the Coiffait collection at the MNHNP. An examination of the type material, as well as of the additional male seen from Nepal revealed that the body and the aedeagus are somewhat larger and the pronotum is of darker coloration than is usually the case in P. lithocharoides . However, since no additional distinguishing characters were found, these differences are attributed to intra- rather than interspecific variation and P. deharvengideharvengi is synonymized with P. lithocharoides . The aedeagus of P. lithocharoides was figured by JEANNEL &ZARRIGE (1949) and ITO (1992) . Additional material examined: Japan : Honshu : 15 exs. , Fukushima-ken , Aizu-Wakamatsu , 16.IV.2006 , leg. Lackner (cAss) ; 2 exs. , Kyoto env., Nara koen env., 13.III.2006 , leg. Lackner (cAss) ; 1 ex. , Osaka-Fu, Minoo City Park , 13.-15.V.2007 , leg. Lackner (cAss) ; 1 ex. , Kansaik pref., Osaka env., Minoo park, 19.IV.2008 , leg. Lackner (cAss) ; 14 exs. , Osaka , Mt. Myoken , 25.VI.1993 , leg. Ito ( SDEI , cAss) ; 31 exs. , same data, but 21.V.1994 ( SDEI , cAss) ; 4 exs. , same data, but 26.VI.1994 ( SDEI , cAss) ; 4 exs. , Osaka , Mt. Kodaiji , 27.VI.1993 , leg. Ito ( SDEI ) ; 32 exs. , Osaka , Sasabe , 8.V.1994 , leg. Ito ( SDEI , cAss) ; 3 exs. , Hyogo , Sasabe , 28.V.1994 , leg. Ito ( SDEI , cAss) ; 2 exs. , Hyogo , Mt. Myoken , Kurokawa , 21.IX.2000 , leg. Ito ( SDEI ) ; 1 ex. , Hyogo , Hotosu , Wachichou , 10.VI.2001 , leg. Ito ( SDEI ) ; 1 ex. , Tochigi pref. , Nishi-Nasuno , 22.III.1990 ( SDEI ) ; 2 exs. , Shiga , Mt. Hourai , Kojorou valley , 4.V.1994 , leg. Ito ( SDEI , cAss) ; 3 exs. , Kanagawa , Mt. Ohyama , 4.VI.1994 , leg. Ito ( SDEI ) ; 4 exs. , Kanagawa pref. , Nakaogino , Atsugi-shi , 7.I.2006 , leg. Lackner (cAss) ; 2 ♀ ♀ , Kanagawa pref. , Miyanoshita , 11.-14.V.1880 , leg. Lewis ( FMNH ) ; 1 ♀ , Okayama pref. , Yuyama , 11.-14.V.1880 , leg. Lewis ( FMNH ) ; 1 ex. , Yamato , Hase , 14.IV.1959 , leg. Shibata (cRou) ; 1 ex. , Nara , foot of Mt. Kasuga , 20.VIII.1980 , leg. Hammond ( BMNH ) ; 1 ex. , 8 km N Kyoto , Seryo Toge , 6.VIII.1980 , leg. Hammond ( BMNH ) ; 1 ex. , Kyoto Palace Gardens , leaf litter, 7.-20.VIII.1980 , leg. Hammond (cAss) ; 2 exs. , Yokohama , leg. Lewis ( BMNH ) . China : Yunnan : 3 exs. , Xishuangbanna, 22.I.1993 , leg. Rougemont (cRou) ; 3 exs. , Ruili, 4.II.1993 , leg. Rougemont (cRou, cAss). Nepal : 1 ♂ , Manaslu Mts. , Dudh Pokhari Lekh , upper Phulinagiri Madi , 19.-21.IV.2003 , 2500 m , leg. Schmidt (cRou) . Redescription: Body length 3.5-5.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 1 . Coloration: head blackish-brown to blackish; pronotum brown to dark-brown, rarely blackish; elytra reddish-brown to brown, with the posterior margin often narrowly yellowish; abdomen dark-brown to blackish-brown, apex occasionally paler; legs dark-yellowish; antennae reddish. Head ( Fig. 2 ) weakly to moderately transverse, usually 1.1-1.2 times as wide as long; posterior margin moderately concave; postocular region weakly convex in dorsal view; posterior angles moderately marked; neck slender, approximately 0.2 times the width of head in dorsal view; punctation of dorsal surface very dense and fine, barely noticeable in the microsculpture; interstices with distinct microreticulation ( Fig. 3 ); dorsal surface with subdued shine. Eyes large and bulging, as long as, or somewhat longer than postocular region in dorsal view ( Fig. 2 ). Antenna not distinctive. Mouthparts as in Figs 4-8 . Pronotum ( Fig. 2 ) 1.0-1.1 times as wide as long and slightly narrower than head, widest at anterior angles; anterior and posterior angles each with long black seta; punctation and microreticulation similar to those of head ( Fig. 9 ); surface practically matt; midline usually with more or less pronounced narrow band of variable length with subdued shine. Elytra of variable length and width, 1.0-1.2 times as long as, and distinctly broader than pronotum; punctation very dense, slightly less fine than that of head and pronotum; interstices without distinct microsculpture, but surface almost matt due to the dense punctation. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I distinctly longer than II, but shorter than the combined length of II and III. Abdomen narrower than elytra; punctation very fine and dense; interstices with shallow isodiametric microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe. ♂ : sternite VII unmodified; posterior margin of sternite VIII broadly and very weakly concave ( Figs 10-11 ); aedeagus ( Figs 12-21 ) 0.55-0.61 mm long; ventral process apically bifid in ventral view. ♀ : posterior margin of sternite VIII convex. Intraspecific variation: As can be expected with an extremely widespread species, the external and even the sexual characters are subject to rather pronounced intraspecific variation. In particular, this is true of the coloration, body size, the punctation of the head and the pronotum, as well as the length and width of the elytra. The aedeagus is larger in the two males seen from the Himalaya ( 0.59-0.61 mm ) than in specimens from China and Japan ( 0.55-0.57 mm ), but since no additional convincing evidence was found ( Figs 12-21 ), the observed differences are interpreted as an expression of intra- rather than interspecific variation. Comparative notes: This species is best distinguished from its congeners by the broadly and shallowly concave posterior margin of the male sternite VIII, as well as by the shape of the relatively small aedeagus. Distribution and natural history: This species was previously known only from Japan . The examined specimens were found in Japan , Kyushu ( type material) and Honshu , as well as in southern China ( Yunnan province ) and Nepal . They were collected during the period from January through June and from August through October at altitudes of up to 2500 m . Figs 22 - 30 : Panscopaeus yakushimanus ( ) and P . formosanus ( ) : habitus ( ) ; forebody ( ) ; antenna Figs 22-30: Panscopaeus yakushimanus ( 22 22- -29 29 ) and P. formosanus ( 30 30 ): habitus ( 22 22 ); forebody ( 23 23 ); antenna ( 24 ); male sternite VIII ( 25, 30 ); aedeagus in lateral view ( 26 ); aedeagus in ventral view ( 27 ); teratological aedeagus in lateral view ( 28 ); apical portion of aedeagus in dry preparation ( 29 ). Scale bars: 22: 1.0 mm; 23: 0.5 mm ; 24-30: 0.2 mm .