SYNOPSIS OF BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) FROM THE NORTHERN ARM OF SULAWESI AND SANGIHE ISLAND, INDONESIA, INCLUDING THREE NEW SPECIES Author Ardi, W. H. Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia. E-mail: wisn 005 @ brin. go. id. wisn005@brin.go.id Author Thomas, D. C. Research and Conservation, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569. text Edinburgh Journal of Botany 2022 2022-08-18 79 405 1 50 http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/ejb.2022.405 journal article 10.24823/EJB.2022.405 1747-0036 10524193 1. Begonia aptera Blume [§ Platycentrum ], Enum. Pl. Javae 1: 97 (1827) . Diploclinium apterum (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: 691 (1856) . – Type: Indonesia , Sulawesi , Tondano , s.coll. , s.n. ( lectotype L [Herb. Ludg. Bat. 898194-39], designated by Hughes [2008] ) . Begonia cristata Warb. ex L.B.Sm. & Wassh., Phytologia 52: 442, pl. 2 (1983) . – Type : Indonesia , Sulawesi , North Sulawesi , Minahasa , Tomohon , iv 1984 , K.F. & P.B. Sarasin 288 ( lectotype K [K000761122], designated by Smith & Wasshausen [1983] ). Begonia renifolia Imsch., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 379 (1913) . – Type: Indonesia , Sulawesi , North Sulawesi , Minahasa, Bojong, N . Wallich 15188 ( holotype B [B100238021]). Begonia aptera subsp. hirtissima Girm. & D.C.Thomas, Reinwardtia 13(1): 72 (2009) . – Type : Indonesia , Sulawesi , Southeast Sulawesi , Kolaka Regency , Ranteangin District , Tinukari Village , Mt Mekongga , 21 iii 2006 , D. Girmansyah DEDEN654 ( holotype BO; isotypes E [E00678415, E00678417], K, L, US). Additional literature . Hughes (2008) [synonymy]; Tebbitt (2003) [as Begonia cristata , but emphasising likely conspecificity with B. aptera ; drawing, distribution map]; Ardi et al. (2018) [synonymy, photographic plate, distribution map]; Hughes et al. (2018); Thomas & Ardi (2020) [photographic plate]. Distribution . Indonesia : Sulawesi (all provinces), Moluccas and western New Guinea (Yapen Island) ( Figure 2 ). Habitat . Primary to severely disturbed lowland to montane forests at 140–2000 m elevation. Proposed IUCN conservation category . Least Concern (LC) ( Ardi et al. , 2018 ). Additional specimens examined . INDONESIA . Sulawesi . Northern arm of Sulawesi . Western North Sulawesi : Bukit Dako , Lakatan Distr. , Toli-toli , 25 ii 1985 , Ramlanto & Z. Fanani 527 ( BO , L ) ; Mt Sojol , 25 ii 2000 , G.C.G. Argent et al. 151 ( E ); Gunung Sidole, 26 xii 2018 , E. Damayanti et al. ED11 ( CEB ); Sojol foothill, Balungkang village , 7 viii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI305 ( BO , KRB , SING ). Central North Sulawesi . Gorontalo : Olama River , 9 iii 2002 , M. Mendum et al. 49 ( A , E , L ) ; Gunung Boliohutu , 23 iii 2002 , M. Mendum et al. 186 ( E ). Eastern North Sulawesi . Manado: Tonsealama, 13 xii 1932 , C.A. Wisse 78 ( BO ) ; Mt Klabat : 27 vi 1956 , L.L. Forman 248 ( K , L , P ) ; 30 i 2019 , W.H. Ardi WI387 ( BO , KRB , SING ) ; Kali Waterfall , 31 i 2019 , W.H. Ardi WI392 ( BO , KRB , SING ). Minahassa : Bojong , 1888, O. Warburg 15187 ( B [2]) ; Gunung Lokon , 4 vii 1956 , L.L. Forman 371 ( K , L ) ; Mt Soputan : 11 x 1973 , E.F. de Vogel 2503 ( L ) ; S.H. Koorders 16244B ( L ) ; S.H. Koorders 16245B ( B , L ) ; S.H. Koorders 16246B ( B ) ; Mt Manimporok , East of Mt Soputan , 8 ii 2009 , D. Girmansyah DEDEN1103 ( BO ) ; G. Potong , 28 ii 2001 , P.J.A. Kessler 2951 ( L ) . Tomohon : 6 vi 1954 , A.H.G. Alston 15679 ( A , BM , L ). G. Masarang : 22 vi 1956 , L.L. Forman 207 ( K ) ; 20 ii 2008 , M. Ardiyani et al. 104 ( BO , E ) ; 17 iii 2006 , S. Sunarti SSS06 -010 ( BO ) ; 17 iii 2006 , S. Sunarti SSS06 -022 ( BO ) ; 2 ii 2019 , W.H. Ardi WI397 ( BO , KRB , SING ). Lokon : S.H. Koorders 12648B( BO ) ; Kayawu Village , 17 ii 2009 , D. Girmansyah DEDEN1269 ( BO ). G. Mahawu : Rurukan Village , 15 ii 2009 , D. Girmansyah DEDEN1233 ( BO ) ; xii 2003 , Ambriansyah AA 2641 ( WAN ) ; Nr Pangi , 7 iii 1990 , J.S . Burley et al. 3717 ( K , L ). Bolaang-Mongondow : Goeroepahi , 27 iii 1917 , Kauderns 61 ( L ). Dumoga Bone National Park : Gunung Mogogonipa : 6 iv 1985 , E.F. de Vogel & J.J. Vermeulen 7020 ( L ) ; 6 i 1996 , M. Kato et al. 382 ( A ) ; Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park , Mauk Malotong , 21 v 2002 , T. Uji 4537 ( BO ) ; Paya-paya , Gunung Ambang Nature Reserve , 2 xi 2016 , Barber et al. BAAK35 ( BO , E ) . Figure 2. Distribution maps of Begonia species occurring on the northern arm of Sulawesi. Distribution points are from georeferenced collections from major herbarium collections (B, BO, E, K, KRB, L, SING), the Begonia Resource Centre ( Hughes et al. , 2015 –) and the Sulawesi Begonia Data Portal ( Thomas et al. , 2013, continuously updated). Central Sulawesi Province : Todjamboe , 23 vi 1929 , G.K. Kjellberg 1750 ( B ) ; Menado , Kampong Sidaoenta , 13 vii 1939 , S. Bloembergen 4224 ( BO ) ; Palu-Parigi , 17 iv 1975 , W. Meijer 9329 ( BO , L ) ; E of Tongoa , 24 ii 1981 , H. Johansson et al. 58 ( L ) ; Tongoa , 25 ii 1981 , Johansson 76 ( K , L ) ; Palolo , Kamarora , 15 iii 2001 , P.J.A. Kessler 3025 ( L ) ; Takolekayu , 14 i 2008 , M. Ardiyani et al. 152 ( BO , E ) ; Uwe lutu , C. Pangi Binangga , 20 vii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI214 ( BO , KRB , SING ) ; Saluopa waterfall , 31 vii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI254 ( BO , KRB , SING ) ; Pendolo , 2 viii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI283 ( BO , KRB , SING ) ; Gunung Mad , Pegunungan Biru , Poso-Napu Road Divided , 3 viii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI293 ( BO , KRB , SING ) ; Lonsi Waterfall , Taloyon , Pagimana , 14 ii 2019 , W.H. Ardi WI426 ( BO , KRB , SING ). Lore Lindu National Park : Menado , G. Ngilalaki , 11 vii 1939 , S. Bloembergen 4125 ( L ) ; Ponoh , 3 km NE of Toro Village , 6 xii 2007 , D. Cicuzza 464 ( E ) ; Tambing Lake vicinity , 4 viii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI303 ( BO , KRB , SING ). Mt Nokilalaki : 6 iii 2008 , D. Cicuzza 794 ( E ) ; M. shelter 1, 24 vii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI217 ( BO , KRB , SING ) ; track to shelter 2 , 24 vii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI218 ( BO , KRB , SING ). Luwuk : Laumarang Waterfall , 9 ii 2019 , W.H. Ardi WI414 ( BO , KRB , SING ) ; Batu Tikar Waterfall , 9 ii 2019 , W.H. Ardi WI417 ( BO , KRB , SING ) ; Mt Loloa–Mt Beabis , 27 ix 1938 , P.J. Eyma 3839 ( BO , L ) ; Hanga-hanga waterfall , 8 iv 2008 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT08-22 ( BO , E ). Bunta : Sumber Agung , Gunung Hek , 25 ii 2004 , Hendrian et al. 884 ( E ) ; G. Hek , 9 iv 2008 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT08 -27 ( BO , E ) ; Sumber Agung village , Mt Hek , 10 iv 2008 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT08-31 ( BO , E ) ; Mt Hek , 10 iv 2008 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT08-36 ( BO , E ). M. Katopas . Wotusongu Village : 6 v 2008 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT08-66 ( BO , E ) ; 11 v 2008 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT08-73 ( BO , E ). Mt Lumut : 10 iv 2008 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT08-54 ( BO , E ) ; 21 iv 2008 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT08 -55 ( BO , E ) ; 21 iv 2008 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT08 -57 ( BO , E ) ; 23 iv 2008 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT08-59 ( BO , E ). Banggai Islands : KM 13, Potongan Panjang , Tinakung Selatan , 18 ix 2014 , D. Girmansyah DEDEN2039 ( BO ) ; Nandik , Tinakung Utara , 23 ix 2014 , D. Girmansyah DEDEN2081 ( BO ) ; Road to Lumbi-lumbia waterfall , South Bulagi , 20 ix 2014 , D. Girmansyah DEDEN2602 ( BO ). Sopu Valley : 24 iii 1979 , E. Hennipman 5588 ( A , BO , K , L ) ; 2 v 1979 , E.F de Vogel 5174 ( L ) ; 26 v 1979 , E. Hennipman 5633 ( BO , K , L ). Road to Kulawi : 29 vii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI239 ( BO , KRB , SING ) ; 29 vii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI246 ( BO , KRB , SING ). Tentena-Bada Road : 1 viii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI267 ( BO , KRB , SING ) ; 1 viii 2018 , W.H. Ardi WI273 ( BO , KRB , SING ). West Sulawesi Province : Stream about 60 km from Mamasa to Polewali road, 3 viii 1998 , W.S. Hoover & H. Wiriadinata 889 ( BO ). Mamasa: Mamasa-Tabang, Polewali, 21 vi 1974 , Shuji Yoshida 1236 ( BO ) ; Tabang , Tanduk Kalua Village , 21 xi 2019 , W.H. Ardi et al. WI505 ( BO , CEB , SING ) ; Pesapa Kurrak Village , 23 xi 2019 , W.H. Ardi et al. WI543 ( BO , CEB , SING ) ; Seppang Village , 24 xi 2019 , W. H. Ardi et al. WI561 ( BO ) ; Tawalian Timur , 26 xi 2019 , W.H. Ardi WI594 ( BO , CEB , SING ) ; Sumarorong , Sarambu Liawan , 27 xi 2019 , W.H. Ardi et al. WI608 ( BO , CEB , SING ). G. Gandang Dewata . Tetean Waterfall : 21 iv 2016 , Kartonegoro et al. ARK929 ; 21 iv 2016 , Kartonegoro et al. ARK939 ( BO ). G. Mambulinin : 11 v 2009 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT09 -126 ( BO , E ) ; Sulawesi Barat , 13 v 2009 , D.C.Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT09-130 ( BO , E ). South Sulawesi Province : Pasoei , 9 vi 1929 , G.K. Kjellberg 1627 ( B ) ; Maboesa-Sae , 21 iii 1937 , P.J. Eyma 1188 ( BO ) ; Masamba , 4 viii 1937 , P.J. Eyma 1550 ( BO ) ; Masamba , 4 viii 1937 , P.J. Eyma 1551 ( BO ) ; Faruhumpenai , Toromu village , Luwu Regency , 16 ii 1986 , Wardi 004 ( BO ) ; Pantawanan , Eran Batu , Baraka district , 29 viii 1994 , D. Girmansyah DEDEN014 ( BO ) ; Mt Pasaparan , Mts Latimojong , 27 x 1994 , Tahan Uji & M. Amir 2506 ( BO ) ; stream about 25 km from Palopo to Rantepao Road , 3 xii 1998 , W.S. Hoover & H. Wiriadinata 892 ( BO ) ; Road between Wotu and Lake Poso , 20 ii 2000 , G. Argent et al. 116 ( E ) ; Buntu Area , Kpg Lokkok , 15 ix 2003 , J.J. Vermeulen 2300 ( L ). Rantemario : 5 iii 2000 , G.C.G. Argent et al. 238 ( E ) ; 7 xi 1993 , S. Kofman 210 ( L ) ; 27 iv 2009 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT09 -95 ( BO , E ) ; 27 iv 2009 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT09-99 ( BO , E ). Mangkutana-Pendolo : 3 ii 2004 , J.J. Vermeulen 2524 ( L ) ; 3 v 2009 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT09 -109 ( BO , E ) ; 3 v 2009 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT09 -118 ( BO , E ) ; 3 v 2009 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT09-119 ( BO , E ). Tana Toraja. Rantepoa-palopo : 2 ii 2004 , J.J. Vermeulen 2409 ( L ) ; 30 iv 2009 , D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT09-103 ( BO , E ). Southeast Sulawesi Province : Kendari- Kolaka , 23 v 2008 , A.R. Kartonegoro ARK253 ( BO ) ; Mt Lasumowo , Mowewe District , 24 v 2008 , D. Girmansyah DEDEN1037 ( BO , K ) ; Wawatobi-Lasolo road divide , 12 ii 2017 , W.H. Ardi WI151 ( BO , KRB , SING ). North Kolaka : 17 iii 2006 , H. Wiriadinata et al. 12976 ( BO ) ; along logging road between km 14 and km 17 , 17 iii 2006, H. Wiriadinata et al., DEDEN573 ( BO ) ; along logging road between km 17 and pos 4 , 18 iii 2006 , H. Wiriadinata et al., DEDEN575 ( BO ). Rante Angin : Tinukari Village , 20 xii 2009 , E.A. Widjaja & A. Suyadi EAW919 ( BO ) ; 7 viii 2009 , A. Hidayat et al. 4186 ( BO ) ; 10 viii 2009 , A. Hidayat et al. 4285 ( BO ) ; 3 viii 2009 , D. Potter et al. 090803-15 ( BO ) ; 29 vi 2010 , E.A. Widjaja & A. Suyadi EAW9058 ( BO ) ; 30 vi 2011 , E.A. Widjaja et al. EAW9721 ( BO ). M. Watuwila : 25 iii 1929 , G.K. Kjellberg 1032 ( BO ) ; Mt Pondunaa , 12 v 2008 , A.R. Kartonegoro ARK 231 ( BO ) ; Mt Sophura , 12 v 2008 , D. Girmansyah DEDEN859 ( BO , K ) ; Mt Pondunaah , 13 v 2008 , D. Girmansyah DEDEN880 ( BO , K ). Kolaka : Kec. Uluiwoi , Ds. Ahiluhu , Marmer Cave , 17 iii 2006 , H. Wiriadinata et al., DEDEN746 ( BO ) ; Bite forest , Lalingato , Tirawuta Subdistrict : 17 vii 2008 ; A. Hidayat AH 3677 ( BO , K ) ; 17 vii 2008 , A. Hidayat AH 3678 ( BO , K ). Province unknown : iv 1894 , K.F. & P.B. Sarasin 488 ( B [2]) ; 16 vi 1894 , K.F. & P.B. Sarasin 488 ( B [2]); unknown 1721 ( L ) ; Forst s.n ( BO ) ; Todjambor , 21 iii 1929 , G. Kjellberg 1701 ( BO ) .