Exploring insect biodiversity: the parasitic Hymenoptera, chiefly Chalcidoidea, associated with seeds of asphodels (Xanthorrhoeaceae), with the description of nine new species belonging to Eurytomidae and Torymidae Author Delvare, G. Author Escolà, A. Ribes Author Stojanova, A. M. Author Benoit, L. Author Lecomte, J. Author Askew, R. R. text Zootaxa 2019 2019-05-06 4597 1 1 90 journal article 26921 10.11646/zootaxa.4597.1.1 0bffa033-64f0-4e6f-ba44-287e52d7c2f9 1175-5326 2667950 F8FD30CA-1B84-4134-91BC-B69736DB0EA8 Key to Eurytomidae associated with Asphodelus and Asphodeline in Europe 1 Both sexes . Genal carina present, distinctly raised and with admarginal groove ( Figs 22 B–C, 25B)..................... 2 - Both sexes . Genal carina absent or indicated immediately above mouth only by a sharp edge ( Figs 10C , 20A ) Bruchophagus 6 2 Both sexes . Metatibia with 2 or 3 long spine-like setae on dorsal edge ( Fig. 25G ); back of head without postgenal lamina. Mesepisternum without delimited ventral shelf, its anterior outline straight. Females . GT5 quite large, almost covering penultimate tergite ( Fig. 25G ). Male . Funicle 4-segmented, the segments separated by pale petioles; associated with Asphodelus in the Mediterranean region............................................................ Eurytoma pistaciae Rondani - Both sexes . Metatibia without such unusually large setae; back of head with postgenal lamina ( Figs 22B , 28B ), visible in lateral view ( Fig. 25B ). Mesepisternum with an elbowed anterior outline, a true ventral shelf being present ( Figs 22D , 24 , 26 ). Male . Funicle 5-segmented ( Figs 22G , 25E , 27F )................................................................. 3 3(2) Female . Gaster subpetiolate, the petiole wider than long and with a mediodorsal tooth (as in Fig. 20D ). Both sexes . Interantennal space not projecting ( Fig. 22A ). Procoxa with anterior outer margin not laminate ( Fig. 22F ). Male . Scape with evident swelling occupying more than half of anterior margin ( Figs 22G , 25E )................................... Eurytoma 4 - Female . Gaster evidently petiolate, the petiole 1.5× as long as wide on dorsal surface ( Figs 28A, E ). Interantennal space projecting. Both sexes . Procoxa with outer margin of anterior depression laminate ( Fig. 27E ) and strongly curved forwards ( Fig. 26 ). Male . Scape with small, almost vestigial, swelling ( Fig. 27F )...................................... Aximopsis 5 4(3) Both sexes . Mesocutellum with broad base, the axillar grooves almost coincident with the posterior ends of notauli and in dorsal view not longer than anterior margin of mesoscutellum ( Fig. 25D ). Gena with a roughly triangular area of fine reticulate sculpture, without coarse piliferous punctures behind malar groove beneath eye ( Fig. 25B ). Associated with Asphodeline lutea .................................................................. Eurytoma genale Askew & Stojanova sp. n. - Both sexes . Mesocutellum with narrower base, the axillar grooves converging anteriorly to approach mesoscutum well mesad of posterior ends of notauli, in dorsal view longer than anterior margin of mesoscutellum. Gena with coarse piliferous puncturation extending to malar sulcus and almost to eye ( Fig. 22C ). Associated with A. albus , A. cerasiferus and A. ramosus ................................................................................... Eurytoma asphodeli Hedqvist 5(3) Female . Gaster shorter, 1.55–1.7× as long as high ( Fig. 28A ). Both sexes . Widely distributed continental species; associated with A. albus , A. cerasiferus and A. ramosus , also with Diplolepis galls on Rosa spp........... Aximopsis collina (Zerova) - Female . Gaster longer, 1.9–2× as long as high ( Fig. 26 ). Both sexes . On Mediterranean islands only (Mallorca, Corse and Sicilia). As far as is known associated with A. ramosus only.......................... Aximopsis balajasi Delvare sp. n. 6(1) Both sexes . Small species, less than 2.5mm in length ( Figs 17 , 19 ). Puncturation of mesoscutellum quite superficial, the large punctures with coriaceous interspaces ( Figs 18E , 20C ) giving the mesoscutum a dull appearance. Anterior outline of mesepisternum convex ( Figs 17 , 19 ). Male . Funicle and clava respectively 4- and 3-segmented, the clava always compact ( Figs 18H , 21H ). Associated with A. fistulosus ....................................................................... 7 - Both sexes . Larger species usually at least 3mm in length ( Figs 1 , 11 , 13 , 15 ). Puncturation of mesoscutellum moderately to strongly raised and dense, with interspaces narrow, not coriaceous, at least on mid lobe of mesoscutum ( Figs 10F , 12F , 14B ). Male . Funicle 5- or 6-segmented, the last claval segment being sometimes shortly pedunculate ( Figs 10I , 12L , 16G ). Associated with asphodels other than A. fistulosus ................................................................. 8 7(1) Both sexes . Fore wing with setation almost always white, but when setation is dark towards apex of wing then at least setae behind marginal vein are white ( Fig. 21G ). Female . Clava effectively 2-segmented, the penultimate segment being fused with the terminal one (C1+C2+3) ( Figs 21 C–D). Both sexes . Puncturation of mesonotum on average finer and smaller than in the alternate ( Fig. 21E )...................................................... Bruchophagus lecomtei Delvare sp. n. - Both sexes . Fore wing with setation generally completely dark ( Fig. 18G ), but rarely, when white at base of wing, the setae behind marginal vein are dark. Female . Clava 3-segmented with a true suture between penultimate and terminal claval segments (C1+C2+C3) ( Figs 18 C–D). Both sexes with coarser puncturation than in alternate and irregularly interfering with nar- row coriaceous interspaces, especially on mid lobe of mesoscutum ( Fig. 18E )....................................................................................................... Bruchophagus gijswijti Askew & Ribes sp. n. 8(6) Female. Flagellomeres 7 and 8 separated by a very short petiole hence funicle appears 6-segmented ( Figs 10D ); penultimate and terminal segments of clava not fused, distinctly separated by a short constriction, so that flagellum is 9-segmented [including the very small anellus] ( Fig. 10D ). Male . Terminal segment of clava shortly petiolate ( Fig. 10I ). Both sexes . Fore wing with setation dark over entire surface in both sexes ( Fig. 10H ). Mesoscutellum with coriaceous sculpture visible in interspaces ( Fig. 10F ). Associated with A. albus albus , A. cerasiferus and A. ramosus ............... Bruchophagus abscedus Askew sp. n. - Female. Flagellomeres 6 and 7 usually separated by a suture only, hence funicle appearing 5-segmented ( Figs 12C , 14A , 16D ), although a constriction and suture are present in a few females of B. ribesi ( Fig. 12D ); flagellum appearing 8-segmented, its last two segments being fused. Fore wing setation sometimes partly to entirely white ( Figs 12I , 14C ). Male . Terminal segment of clava closely applied to the previous one. Both sexes . Mesoscutellum with interspaces between punctures quite narrow, not showing any coriaceous sculpture ( Figs 14B , 16E )........................................................... 9 9(8) Both sexes . Stigmal and postmarginal vein respectively 1.6 and 1.9× as long as the short marginal vein ( Fig. 16F ). Female . OOL large, 3.75× as long as posterior ocellus diameter; POL only 1.2× as long as OOL ( Fig. 16C ). Pronotum transverse, 3.5× as wide as long ( Fig. 16E ). Gaster 1.8–1.9× as long as high with ovipositor sheaths moderately upturned ( Fig. 15 ). Both sexes . Associated with Asphodeline lutea ............................ Bruchophagus asphodelinae Askew & Stojanova sp. n. - Both sexes . Stigmal and postmarginal veins shorter than in alternate, respectively 1.25–1.35× and 1.55–1.8× as long as the marginal vein ( Fig. 12J ). Female . OOL smaller, 1.5–1.7× as long as posterior ocellus diameter; POL 1.9–2× as long as OOL; ( Fig. 12B ). Pronotum less transverse than in alternate, 3.2–3.3× as wide as long ( Fig. 12F ). Gaster variable in length depending on the asphodel host plant, either shorter than in alternate (1.7× as long as high) with ovipositor sheaths hardly upturned ( Fig. 12K ) or as long as in alternate but with ovipositor sheaths strongly upturned ( Fig. 11 ). Both sexes . Associated with Asphodelus spp................................................................................................ 10 10(9) Female . Fore wing with setation almost entirely white ( Fig. 12I ). Conversely to those emerging from A. albus and A. ramosus , females emerging from A. cerasiferus have an elongated gaster and ovipositor sheaths strongly upturned ( Fig. 11 ). Male . Scape with swelling only moderately expanded ( Fig. 12L ). Associated with A. albus delphinensis , sometimes with A. albus albus and A. cerasiferus , exceptionally with A. ramosus ; distribution continental................. Bruchophagus ribesi Askew sp. n. - Female . Fore wing with setation mostly dark ( Fig. 14C ). Gaster always short with ovipositor sheaths only moderately upturned. Male . Swelling on scape more distinctly expanded ( Fig. 14D ). Both sexes . Associated only with A. ramosus . Known only from some Mediterranean islands ( Corse , Sicilia).......................... Bruchophagus insulare Delvare sp. n.