Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of Pachyanthidium Friese (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Anthidiini) Author Eardley, Connal Author Griswold, Terry text Zootaxa 2017 4237 3 401 453 journal article 36376 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.3.1 247eb149-de99-4046-ae9e-b44b817fe8b9 1175-5326 344704 297CF715-0DEC-45E9-BAF2-1F19A3C06EF7 Pachyanthidium ( Pachyanthidium ) bouyssoui (Vachal) ( Figs 18–19 ) Anthidium bouyssoui Vachal, 1903a : 373 , male and female syntypes (? TMSA ) Democratic Republic of the Congo . Anthidium ( Pachyanthidium ) bouyssoui Vachal : Friese 1905 : 66 . Anthidium bicolor var. bouyssoui Vachal : Strand 1911 : 120 . Pachyanthidium bouyssoui (Vachal) : Cockerell 1930 : 45 –49. Pachyanthidium ( Pachyanthidium ) bouyssoui (Vachal) : Pasteels 1984 : 144 . Pachyanthidium bouyssoui var. tumbense Cockerell, 1935 : 237 , female holotype ( RMCA ) Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Pasteels 1984 : 144 , syn. Diagnosis. This species can be separated from all other species in the genus except other species of the bicolor species-group by the combination of the naked eye, absent arolia, and metasomal terga mostly orange ( Fig. 18 ). From other species of the bicolor species-group females can be distinguished by the combination of the partly spatulate mandible with two outer teeth, 2–3 small teeth on outer spatulate area and a large inner tooth, the forewing with cells as dark as the rest of the wings, face, mandible and femora with yellow maculations, mesepisternum all dark or with a little yellow maculation. Males can be distinguished by having 4–5 similar, pointed, evenly spaced mandibular teeth and T7 with the median spine longer and broader than the narrow lateral spines; its width half that of the concavity between it and the lateral spines, and its apex broadly rounded. Description. FEMALE . Lengths: head 3.4–3.5 mm ; scutum 2.2–2.4 mm ; forewing 7.7–8.4 mm ; body 8. 5–9.0 mm. Head and mesosoma black except yellow maculation as follows: clypeus with W-shaped cross-band of irregular width or marking absent, outer margin of paraocular area, posterior vertex with a very short cross-band, basal portion of mandible, pronotal lobe, mesepisternum narrowly behind omaulus, narrow lateral margins of scutum and axilla, narrow subapical cross-band on scutellum, fore and mid femora and tibiae anteriorly, hind femur on distal half of anterior face, usually entire hind tibia and most of tarsi; metasoma orange except indistinct yellowish-orange cross-bands generally on T1–T5; T6 laterally; translucent posterior margins on scutellum (yellowish) and T1–T5 (orangish); forewing dark with cells as dark as rest of wing. Structure ( Fig. 18 ). Preoccipital ridge weakly lamellate; eye naked; clypeus ventral edge straight, crenulate; mandible partly spatulate, 2 outer teeth, 2–3 small teeth on outer spatulate area, a large inner tooth; pronotal lobe strongly lamellate; omaulus lamellate; forebasitarsus short and broad, length, 0.6x foretibia length, 3.3x its width; arolia absent; T1–T5 without lateral spines; T6 rounded laterally, slightly lobate, without spine, extended posteriorly, distinctly cleft posteromedially. MALE . Lengths: head 2.8–3.2 mm ; scutum 1.8–2.0 mm; forewing 6.3–6.8 mm ; body 6.8–7.7 mm . Colour as in female except: clypeus completely to partly yellow (dorsolateral region black), mandible yellow except apically, T7 yellowish-orange. Structure ( Fig. 18 ). preoccipital ridge weakly lamellate; eye naked; clypeus ventral edge straight, 2 mediolateral tubercles; antennal flagellum 0.87x eye, 3.2x scape lengths; mandible with 4–5 similar, pointed, evenly spaced teeth; omaulus lamellate; forebasitarsus sparsely pubescent, with moderately long posterior fringe; forebasitarsus length 0.6x foretibia length, 0.3x its width, not distinctly expanded distally; hind basitarsus wide, length 2.5x width; arolia absent; T1–T4 without lateral spines or swelling; T5 slight posterolateral swelling; T 6 in one plane extended posteromedially, with small ventrolateral spine, posterolateral and posteromedian tubercles, latter slightly emarginate posteromedially; T7 with narrow posterolateral spine (narrower than length), apically rounded median spine, concavity between median and lateral spines 1.5x median spine width; terminalia as in P. cordatum (cf. Fig. 16 ). Distribution. This species appears to be widespread across the northern part of the Afrotropical Region ( Fig. 19 ). FIGURE 18. Pachyanthidium bouyssoui (Vachal) . a–c. Female. a. Face. b. Habitus. c. T6. d–f. Male. d. Face. e. Habitus. f. T7. FIGURE 19. Pachyanthidium bouyssoui (Vachal) (●) and Pachyanthidium paulinieri (Guérin–Méneville) ( * ), known distribution. Biology. It has been collected on flowers of Phaseolus lunatus (Fabaceae) , Stachytarpheta augustifolia (Verbenaceae) and Stylosanthes erecta (Fabaceae) ( Eardley and Urban 2010 ). Material examined. Type material . Female holotype of Pachyanthidium bouyssoui var. tumbense : ‘ MUSEE DU CONGO Eala –Bokatola–Bikoro IX– X–1930 Dr P. Staner, R. DET. K 2548, Pachyanthidium bouyssoui v tumbense det. Ckll TYPE., TYPE’, RMCA. Additional material . Ghana . Central Region , Stingless bee research station road, 2008. x.28 , J. Giggs ( 1♀ YU) ; Central Region , Kakum Conservation area , 2005. i.18 ( 1♂ SANC ) ; Aburi , 1991. ii.10 , W. J. Pulawski ( 1♂ CAS ) . Togo . Amaoude , 17km N Sokode , 1991. ii.18 , W. J. Pulawski ( 1♀ CAS ) . Cameroon . Nanga Eboko , 1959–1960 , R. Lenczy ( 1♀ BBSL ) . Central African Republic . Nola , 35km N, 2008. xii.12 , J. Halada ( 1♂ MSAA ) ; Kbaika , 55km NWN, 2008. xii.12 ( 1♂ MSAA ) ; Bangai, 70km NNE, 2010. xi. 4–28 , J. Halada (2♀ 1♂ MSAA). Gabon . Malela , 1915. vii.5 , Lang Chapin ( 1♀ 2♂ AMNH , BBSL ) ; Ogooue – Ivindo Dist. , Foret des Abeilles , Makande , 1995.x–xi, D. Roubik ( 1♀ BBSL ) . Congo P.R. Lesio– Loun Fk 330m , 2008. ix.16–23 ( 1♂ BBSL ) . Uganda . Entebbe , 1913. vii.30 , C. C. Gowden ( 1♂ SANC ) ; Bwamba, 1957.ii–iii, R. Carcasson (1♀ SANC); Kampala , 33km W, 1952.v, E. Pinhey ( 1♀ SANC ) ; Kampala , 1963. ix.9 , J. Owen ( 2♀ BBSL ) . Tanzania . Mkomazi , near summit of Maji Kunanua , 1995. xii.7 , G. N. Stone ( 1♂ SANC ); Mikumi, 7km S, Ruaha River bank , Morogoro region , 2001. vi.19 , M.H. Bourbin W.L. Pulawski ( 1♂ BBSL ) . Discussion. The specimens from Tanzania ( Morogoro region ), Ghana (Stingless bee research station road), Gabon and Cameroon are unusual in that they have a wide pronotal lamella. The syntypes of Anthidium bouyssoui could not be located in the TMSA where they were originally deposited.