Evolution of nuptial-gift-related male prosomal structures: taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Oedothorax (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) Author Lin, Shou-Wang Author Lopardo, Lara Author Uhl, Gabriele text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2022 2021-11-20 195 417 584 journal article 115951 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab033 75b10efe-a17d-4d10-b46e-094c6a7ebf01 0024-4082 6967774 BE2B3859-8F6A-4543-8A69-91840F82377B OEDOTHORAX TRILOBATUS ( BANKS, 1896 ) ( FIGS 7P , 8B , 9B , 17 ; SUPPORTING INFORMATION, FIG. S1B ) Dicyphus trilobatus Banks, 1896: 64 (Dm) . Hypomma trilobata Crosby, 1905: 310 . Lophocarenum trilobatum Emerton, 1909: 191 , pl. 3, fig. 1 (m). Oedothorax trilobatus Bishop & Crosby, 1935: 268 , pl. 22, figs 7, 8 (m, Df). Oedothorax trilobatus Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 115 , figs 1190–1193 (mf). Oedothorax trilobatus Marusik et al. , 2010: 287 , figs 3–11 (mf). Type material: Bishop & Crosby (1935) stated that the type locality was Ithaca, New York , but no type designation data was provided by Banks (1896) . The original and subsequent descriptions, nevertheless, make the identification of this species unequivocal. Examined material: USA : New York , McLean 2♂ 8.v.1919 ( AMNH ) ; Laborador Pond , 1♂ 14.v.1921 , Tarris Sherman , C. Bishop Collection ( AMNH ) ; Alaska , Matanuska ( 61° N , 149° W ), 1♂ 20.v.1945 , coll. J. C. Chamberlin , det. Wilton Ivie ( AMNH ) ; Matanuska ( 61°32’ N , 149°12’ W ), 1♂ v.–vi.1944 , coll. J. C. Chamberlin , det. Wilton Ivie ( AMNH ) ; Wyoming , Teton Park ( Two Ocean Lake ), ( 43° N , 110° W ), 1♂ 18.viii.1950 , coll. D. C. Lowrie ( AMNH ) ; Ontario , Lake Temagami , Island 1024 ( 46°59’ N , 80°3’ W ), 1♂ 8♀ 15.– 25.viii.1946 , coll. Gertsch , Ivie , Kurata , det. Wilton Ivie ( AMNH ) ; Utah , Smith & Morehouse Canyon ( 40°47’ N , 111°6’ W ), 2♂ 2♀ 3.vi.1934 , coll. and det. Wilton Ivie ( AMNH ) . Canada : British Columbia , Terrace , 1♂ 1.–10.vi.1931 , leg. Hippisley , Sherman C. Bishop Collection ( AMNH ) . Figure 17. Oedothorax trilobatus ( Banks, 1896 ) . A–D, male left palp. A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. C, dorsal view. D, ventral view. E–G, epigyne. E, ventral view. F, dorsal view. G, external morphology. Scale bar 0.1 mm. Diagnosis: Males: This species can be identified by the shape of post-ocular groove and hump, different from all other species with similar prosomal modifications by the anterior side of the hump having one central and two lateral lobes. Females: Similar to females of other species in the Oedothorax s.s. , but can be identified by its long and maneuvering copulatory ducts in epigyne ( Fig. 17E, F ); distinguished from Oe. fuscus , Oe. agrestis , Oe. meridionalis and Oe. tingitanus by having one sub- AME seta instead of two. Description: Male (Matanuska, 61° N , 149°W ): Total length: 2.22. Prosoma: 0.98 long, 0.79 wide, postocular region with transverse hairy groove, posterior to the groove a hump anteriorly divided into three lobs; interocular region with thin, translucent setae directed laterally ( Fig. 7P ). Eyes: AME-AME: 0.03, AME width: 0.05, AME-ALE: 0.03, ALE width: 0.07, ALE-PLE: 0.01, PLE width: 0.07, PLE-PME: 0.05, PME width: 0.05, PME-PME: 0.14. Clypeus: not hirsute, one sub-AME seta. Sternum: 0.62 long, 0.62 wide. Chelicerae: mastidia absent; stridulatory striae rows widely and evenly spaced ( Fig. 8B ). Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 0.21, 0.19, 1.19 and 1.06 times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.68. Pedipalp: TPA long, rod-like and scaly at tip, prolateral side laterally extended, median site with smaller rod-like projection with scaly tip; BT absent ( Fig. 17C ); PC short, base visible from dorsal view, distal setae at median position ( Fig. 17A ); T without papillae, PT with papillae; TS short, without papillae ( Fig. 17D ); DSA tip broad and smoothly serrated ( Fig. 17A ); EM short, distally oriented, cylindrical, with long papillae ( Fig. 17A ); TP without small protuberances; E long, prolaterally spiral, not broadened at basal part ( Fig. 17B ). Opisthosoma: dark brown, evenly coloured ( Fig. 9B ). Female ( Ontario , Lake Temagami): Total length: 2.74. Prosoma: 1.17 long, 0.91 wide. Eyes: AME-AME: 0.03, AME width: 0.06, AME-ALE: 0.03, ALE width: 0.09, ALE-PLE: 0.01, PLE width: 0.09, PLE-PME: 0.04, PME width: 0.08, PME-PME: 0.07. Clypeus: not hirsute, one sub-AME seta. Sternum: 0.69 long; 0.65 wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 1.62, 1.64, 1.89 and 2.15 times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.75. Epigyne: Clade 13 characteristic morphology, borders between dorsal and ventral plates parallel, copulatory duct long, curved ( Fig. 17E–G ). Opisthosoma: brown, evenly coloured. Variation: The measurements are based on examined material. Males ( N = 10, means in parentheses): Total length 1.91–2.40 (2.17). Prosoma: 0.94–1.04 (0.99) long, 0.76– 0.81 (0.79) wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 0.11–0.23 (0.18, N = 8), 0.15–0.40 (0.20, N = 7), 0.33–1.24 (0.82, N = 9) and 0.77–1.72 (1.36, N = 7) times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.63–0.69 (0.66, N = 9). Females ( N = 10, means in parentheses): Total length 2.57–3.04 (2.81). Prosoma: 1.07–1.25 (1.19) long, 0.83– 0.98 (0.92) wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 1.52–1.94 (1.64), 1.52–1.94 (1.64), 1.70–2.06 (1.87) and 1.80–2.44 (2.02) times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.35–0.75 (0.65). Distribution: USA , Canada , Russia . Habitat: In vegetation in/next to ponds or swamps.