Copepods (Cyclopoida) associated with top shells (Vestigastropoda: Trochoidea: Tegulidae) from coastal waters in southern Japan, with descriptions of three new species Author Uyeno, Daisuke text Zootaxa 2016 4200 1 109 130 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4200.1.4 07cdb522-b119-4cec-904a-00cdedc9a5b4 1175-5326 177778 BD517CC9-99BD-4254-B55E-9D0445AFA70F Panaietis doraconis n. sp. ( Figs 4–6 ) Type material. Holotype : adult female ( NSMT –Cr 24622), ex Tectus pyramis (Born, 1778) ( Vetigastropoda : Trochoidea: Tegulidae ), off Saneku ( 28°12'N , 129°12'E ), Kakeroma Island , Oshima Strait , 27 April , 2015, leg. D. Uyeno , S. Yokoyama . Allotype : adult male ( NSMT –Cr 24633), collection data same as holotype . Paratypes : 2 adult females and 1 adult male ( NSMT –Cr 24634), collection data same as holotype . Additional material. 1 adult female and 1 adult male (KAUM-AT-288), ex T. pyramis , off Yoron Island ( 27° 1'N , 128°26'E ), North Pacific Ocean , 16 May , 2015, leg. D. Uyeno ; 2 adult females ( RUMF –ZC-04355), ex T. pyramis , off Manza ( 26°30'N , 127°50'E ), Onna , Okinawa Island, East China Sea, 30 March , 2012, leg. D. Uyeno ; 3 adult females and 1 adult male ( NSMT –Cr 24625), ex T. pyramis , off Manza ( 26°30'N , 127°50'E ), Onna , Okinawa Island, East China Sea, 23 March , 2012, leg. D. Uyeno ; 3 adult females ( NSMT –Cr 24624), ex T. pyramis , off Hakamagoshi ( 31°35'N , 130°35'E ), Sakurajima Island , the Kagoshima Bay, 20 September , 2015, leg. D. Uyeno . Description of holotype . Adult female. Body ( Fig. 4 A) cyclopiform, 7.71 long, with greatest width at cephalosome; external segmentations distinct. Cephalosome distinctly articulated from first pedigerous somite, wider than long, 0.70 × 0.75. First to fourth pedigerous somites and urosomites free. Prosome 2.14 long. Genital somite bearing one pair of lateral lobes ( Fig. 4 A, C), 0.52 × 0.69; genital openings situated on dorsal side. Abdomen composed of four free somites, 0.62 × 0.52, 0.76 × 0.52, 0.70 × 0.47, and 1.21 × 0.33, respectively. Caudal ramus ( Fig. 4 A, D) 7.24 times longer than wide, 1.13 × 0.16, with six setae. Rostrum ( Fig. 4 B) triangular without distinct apex. Antennule ( Fig. 4 E) 7-segmented; armature formula 4, 15, 4, 4, 6 + 1 aesthetasc, 2 + 1 aesthetasc, 7 + 1 aesthetasc; all setae small and naked. Antenna ( Fig. 4 F) 3-segmented, composed of coxobasis and 2-segmented endopod; coxobasis large, bearing naked seta; first endopodal segment bearing small, naked seta on inner margin; second endopodal segment bearing four inner setae, inner fused claw, three claws, and two long setae. Labrum ( Fig. 4 G) broad, bearing pair of posterior lobes. Mandible ( Fig. 5 A) bearing lash-like serrated inner setiform element and apical serrated setiform element with two hyaline outer teeth at outer base. Maxillule ( Fig. 5 B) represented by simple lobe armed with spherical protrusion and simple elements. Maxilla ( Fig. 5 C) 2-segmented; basal segment unarmed; terminal segment bearing row of spinules, five sharp processes, and two small setae. Maxilliped ( Fig. 5 D) 2-segmented, composed of unarmed syncoxa and rod-shaped basis bearing single apical blunt element. Legs 1 to 4 ( Fig. 5 E–H) biramous, with 3-segmented rami. Leg armature formula as follows: Coxa Basis Exopod Endopod Leg 1 0-0 1-0 I-0; I-0; III, I, 3 0-0; 0-0; II, 1, 2 Leg 2 0-0 1-0 I-0; I-0; III, I, 3 0-0; 0-0; II, I, 2 Leg 3 0-0 1-0 I-0; I-0; III, I, 3 0-0; 0-0; III, I, 2 Leg 4 0-0 1-0 I-0; I-0; III, I, 3 0-0; 0-0; III, I, 1 Intercoxal sclerite ( Fig. 5 E–H) of legs 1 to 4 unornamented. All spines spatulate. Both rami of legs 1 to 4 bearing rows of fine spinules present on base of spines. Leg 5 ( Fig. 5 I) consisting of dorsolateral seta on fifth pedigerous somite and free exopod; exopod elongate, rod-shaped, bearing three blunt spines and naked seta. Leg 6 ( Fig. 4 C) represented by two small elements at genital opening. Description of allotype adult male. Body ( Fig. 6 A) cyclopiform, 4.06 long, depressed dorso-ventrally with greatest width at cephalosome; external segmentations distinct. Cephalosome distinctly articulated from first pedigerous somite, slightly wider than long, 0.57 × 0.61. First to fourth pedigerous somites and urosomites free. Prosome 1.70 long. Genital somite ( Fig. 6 A, B), 0.28 × 0.28. Abdomen progressively narrowing posteriorly, composed of four free somites, 0.32 × 0.26, 0.34 × 0.25, 0.25 × 0.24, and 0.44 × 0.23, respectively. Caudal ramus ( Fig. 6 A) 5.33 times longer than wide, 0.54 × 0.10, with six setae. Antennule, antenna, mandible, maxillule, and maxilla as in female. Maxilliped ( Fig. 6 C) 4-segmented; basal segment rod-like; second segment bearing single seta and patches of spinules; third segment small with two elements; terminal claw curved, bearing two basal elements and row of spinules on inner margin. Armature formula of legs 1 to 4 as in female. Leg 5 as in female. Leg 6 ( Fig. 6 B) represented by two simple setae on genital operculum. FIGURE 4. Panaietis draconis n. sp. , adult female, holotype NSMT–Cr 24622. A, habitus, dorsal; B, rostral area; C, genital aperture and leg 6, dorsal; D, right caudal ramus, dorsal; E, left antennule; F, right antenna, anterior; G, labrum, anterior. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, D, E, 200 µm; C, F, G, 50 µm. FIGURE 5. Panaietis draconis n. sp. , adult female, holotype NSMT–Cr 24622. A, right mandible, posterior; B, left maxillule, anterior; C, left maxilla, posterior; D, right maxilliped, anterior; E, left leg 1, anterior; F, left leg 2, anterior; G, right leg 3, anterior; H, right leg 4, anterior; I, left leg 5, dorsal. Scale bars: A, C, 40 µm; B, D, 20 µm; E–H, 100 µm; I, 200 µm. FIGURE 6. Panaietis draconis n. sp. , adult male, allotype NSMT–Cr 24623. A, habitus, dorsal; B, genital somite, ventral; C, left maxilliped, inner. Scale bars: A, 400 µm; B, 100 µm; C, 20 µm. Variability. Morphology of paratypes and other female specimens examined as in holotype . Measurements of the body parts of paratypes and other specimens ( n = 11) as follows: body length 5.88–8.97 (7.39 ± 1.09); cephalosome length 0.58–0.94 (0.73 ± 0.09); cephalosome width 0.72–1.02 (0.84 ± 0.09); prosome length 1.90–2.89 (2.33 ± 0.34); genital somite length 0.42–0.55 (0.48 ± 0.04); genital somite width 0.58–0.86 (0.70 ± 0.09); first urosomite length 0.34–0.72 (0.55 ± 0.13); first urosomite width 0.43–0.62 (0.51 ± 0.07); second urosomite length 0.49–0.83 (0.68 ± 0.12); second urosomite width 0.45–0.63 (0.52 ± 0.05); third urosomite length 0.51–0.87 (0.68 ± 0.12); third urosomite width 0.42–0.62 (0.49 ± 0.06); anal somite length 0.91–1.49 (1.15 ± 0.21); anal somite width 0.33–0.52 (0.40 ± 0.07); caudal ramus length 0.87–1.58 (1.18 ± 0.26); caudal ramus width 0.12–0.22 (0.16 ± 0.03). Caudal ramus 5.95–9.32 (7.31 ± 0.93) times longer than wide. The morphology of paratypes and other male specimens as in allotype . The measurements of the body parts of paratypes and other specimens ( n = 3) are as follows: body length 2.88–6.32 (4.22 ± 1.84); cephalosome length 0.43–0.59 (0.52 ± 0.08); cephalosome width 0.44–0.85 (0.62 ± 0.21); prosome length 1.36–2.34 (1.70 ± 0.56); genital somite length 0.18–0.43 (0.28 ± 0.13); genital somite width 0.22–0.48 (0.34 ± 0.13); first urosomite length 0.18–0.52 (0.30 ± 0.19); first urosomite width 0.18–0.43 (0.30 ± 0.12); second urosomite length 0.25–0.54 (0.35 ± 0.17); second urosomite width 0.16–0.41 (0.28 ± 0.12); third urosomite length 0.17–0.49 (0.27 ± 0.19); third urosomite width 0.15–0.45 (0.28 ± 0.16); anal somite length 0.28–0.94 (0.52 ± 0.36); anal somite width 0.17–0.39 (0.27 ± 0.11); caudal ramus length 0.35–1.12 (0.69 ± 0.39); caudal ramus width 0.07–0.16 (0.11 ± 0.05). Caudal ramus 5.11–6.95 (5.85 ± 0.97) times longer than wide. Remarks. Panaietis doraconis n. sp. differs from P. haliotis and P. malleolata in having legs 1 to 4 with spatulate spines on both rami in the female (vs. slender and pointed spines) (see Sars 1918 , pl. CXII; Yamaguti 1936 , figs 21–24). The new species is distinguished from P. yamagutii in having the following characters in both sexes: dorsal plate on first pedigerous somite lacking posterolateral lobes in both sexes (vs. with posterolateral lobes); leg 5 situated on lateral side of pedigerous somite with one elongate rod-like free exopod (vs. leg 5 with small free exopod situated on posteroventral side of pedigerous somite) (see Izawa 1976 , figs 28, 37, 39, 50). Panaietis incamerata differs from P. doraconis n. sp. in having the following characters: presence of posterolateral lobes on first pedigerous somite in both sexes (vs. such lobes absent); genital somite bearing pair of bulbous swellings and pair of genital openings on ventral surface in female (vs. small lobes absent; genital opening on dorsal surface) (present study). Attachment site. Pharynx and esophagus. Etymology. The specific name of the new species, doraconis , refers to the elongate body of the new species which evokes a dragon. Newly established Japanese name for species. Gintakahama-no-haramushi.