Titanogryllus n. gen., the largest Gryllinae cricket from the Neotropical Region with three new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae) Author Jaiswara, Ranjana Author Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B. Author Campos, Lucas Denadai De Author Redü, Darlan R. Author De Mello, Francisco De A. G. Author Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure text Zootaxa 2018 2018-03-29 4402 3 487 507 journal article 30378 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.3.4 6b1f8c1f-1ebb-46ff-a749-c773c5426015 1175-5326 1209708 AFBEB273-0057-4F25-B702-CA2CB4568361 Titanogryllus oxossi Souza-Dias & de Mello n. sp. Figures 1B , 7–10 , 13A http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:501945 Type locality. Brazil , Bahia State, municipality of Mucuri. Etymology . Ọ ṣọ́ ̀ ọ gỳ(Oxóssi in portuguese) is an orisha of the Yoruba religion in West Africa, and the canbomblé in Brazil . Oxóssi is the spirit associated with the animals, forests, and hunt. Distribution . Atlantic Forest, in Bahia State, municipality of Mucuri. FIGURE 7. Titanogryllus oxossi n. gen. n. sp . General morphology of the holotype (MZSP). (A) habitus, dorsal; (B) head and pronotum, dorsal; (C) head and pronotum, lateral; (D & E) FW, dorsal; (F) FW, lateral; (G) supra anal plate; (H) subgenital plate; (I) head, frontal. Scale bar: A, 10mm; B–I, 1mm. FIGURE 8. Titanogryllus oxossi n. gen. n. sp . General morphology of the allotype (MZSP). (A) habitus, dorsal; (B) FW, lateral; (C) supra anal plate; (D) subgenital plate; (E) ovipositor, dorsal; (F) ovipositor, ventral; (G) ovipositor, lateral. Scale bar: A, 10mm; B–G, 1mm FIGURE 9. Titanogryllus oxossi n. gen. n. sp . Male genitalia. Male genitalia in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral and (C) lateral views. Apex and median part of pseudepiphallus in (D) dorsal, (E) ventral and (F) lateral views. Scale bar: 1mm. FIGURE 10. Titanogryllus oxossi n. gen. n. sp . Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla in (A) ventral, (B) dorsal and(C) lateral views. Type material . Holotype, allotype, 1 male paratype. Holotype : male, with genitalia removed and kept with the specimen, and the right leg II missing, labeled “ Brasil , BA [ Bahia ]. Mucuri, Faz. Farol. 14-16/vii/1989 . 2-M. 89/ 81. F.A.G. Mello col .” ( BOTU ). Allotype : female, with the copulatory papilla removed and kept with the specimen, labeled “ Brasil , BA [ Bahia ], Mucuri, Fazenda Farol - mata. i-96 . 18o04’01’’S/39o40’23”W. F.A.G. Mello & S.S. Nihei, leg . 5-M” (BOTU). Paratype . 1 male with left leg I missing, and the genitalia and FWs removed and kept with the specimen, same data as the holotype ( BOTU ). Diagnosis. Species large, but smaller than T. salgado n. sp. (~ 3cm body length), general coloration light to yellowish brown. Male genitalia: anterior margin of pseudepiphallic sclerite without medial furrow; lateral lophi bifurcated, inner projection pointed, spine-like; medial lophi below inner margins of lateral lophi; pseudepiphallic parameres thin, shorter than in T. salgado n. sp. , apex rounded. Female. General coloration darker than males: body light brown, head and pronotum medium brown. Copulatory papilla small, rounded; base convex dorsally, with medial invagination, medially extended ventrally; apex membranous, rounded, smaller than in T. salgado n. sp. , as in Figs. 10 A–C . Description. In addition to the characters of the genus: General coloration light to yellowish brown ( Figs. 1B , 7A , 8A ). Head . Head large, wider than long, yellowish brown ( Figs. 7A, B ). Posterior margin of occiput yellowish brown, with 4 lines going from occiput to vertex ( Figs. 1B , 7A, B ). Occiput and vertex glabrous ( Figs. 1B , 7A, B, C, I , 8A ). Eyes small, with very reduced unpigmented area on dorsal margin ( Figs. 7B, C, I ). Fastigium glabrous, wide as vertex, at least 2x wider than antennal scape ( Figs. 1B , 7A, B, C, I ). Antennal scape and antennomeres light brown ( Figs. 1B , 7A–C, I ). In lateral view, gena yellowish brown ( Fig. 7C ). Three ocelli, almost in line; lateral ocellus small, circular; median ocellus small, flat ( Figs. 7C, I ). Maxillary palpi light brown; apex rounded, whitish. Frons light brown, very short, shorter than clypeus ( Fig. 7I ). Clypeus, labrum and mandibles light brown ( Fig. 7I ). Thorax . DD saddle-shaped, glabrous, wider than long, light brown, with medium brown maculae; cephalic margin concave, caudal margin almost straight ( Figs. 1B , 7A–C , 8A ). LL ventro-cephalic angle and ventral margin rounded, ventro-caudal angle ascendant ( Fig. 7C ). Legs . Legs I, II light brown ( Figs. 1B , 7A ). TI with two auditory tympana, two ventral spurs and one dorsal (inner). TII with 4 spurs. Legs III not specially elongated, shorter than body length. FIII light brown, with longitudinal medium brown line; FIII medium brown in the articulation with TIII. TIII and basitarsus–III light brown. Double row of spines on basitarsus–III. TIII with spines before the subapical spurs; subapical spurs 3/3. Apical spurs: median longest on both sides, dorsal slightly shorter, ventral smaller. Abdomen . Abdomen light brown, glabrous; cerci light brown ( Figs. 1B , 7A ). Male . Male FWs reaching tergite 4, medium brown; anal vein area bulged dorsally; harp crossed with 4 almost transverse veins; stridulatory vein with 102 teeth (n=1); mirror undivided, distinct from apical venation; apical field very short, almost reduced; lateral field with 4-5 longitudinal veins ( Figs. 1B , 7A, D–F , 13A ). Metanotum without metanotal structures. Male supra anal plate light brown ( Fig. 7G ). Subgenital plate light brown, shieldshaped, proximal margin almost straight, distal margin rounded, extended medially ( Fig. 7H ). Male genitalia . Pseudepiphallus: anterior margin without medial furrow ( Figs. 9A, D, F ); lateral lophi bifurcated, inner projection pointed, spine-like ( Figs. 9A, B D ); medial lophi below inner margins of lateral lophi ( Figs. 9A, D, F ). Rami elongated, apically bent towards ventral side; apex of each ramus separated ( Figs. 9–C ). Pseudepiphallic parameres thin, shorter than in T. salgado n. sp. , apex rounded ( Figs. 9B, E ). Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic apodemes shorter than in T. salgado n. sp. ( Fig. 9A ); ectophallic arc dorsal, thin, almost indistinguishable, below pseudepiphallic medial lophi; ectophallic fold furrowed, longer than in T. salgado n. sp. and T. oxente n. sp. Endophallus: endophallic sclerite small, related to ectophallic fold ( Fig. 9B ); endophallic cavity reduced. Female . Larger than male, shorter than females of T. salgado n. sp. ( Fig. 8A ). General coloration darker than males: body light to medium brown; head and pronotum medium brown ( Fig. 8A ). FW small, very reduced ( Figs. 8A, B ). Abdomen glabrous, yellowish to medium brown ( Fig. 8A ). Supra anal plate pubescent, medially constricted, light brown with medium brown small maculae; proximal margin almost straight, distal margin rounded ( Fig. 8C ). Subgenital plate small, proximal margin almost straight, distal margin medially convex, angles rounded ( Fig. 8D ). Ovipositor short, shorter than FIII; apex of ovipositor modified, with conspicuous concavity; apex pointed and curved in lateral view, with ventral protuberance, as in T. salgado n. sp. ( Figs. 8E–G ). Female genitalia . Copulatory papilla small, rounded; base convex dorsally, with medial invagination, medially extended ventrally; apex membranous, rounded, smaller than in T. salgado n. sp. , as in Figs. 10 A–C . Measurements (mm). Males (n=2)– mean (range): BL – 29.77 (28.8–30.75); PL – 3.9 (3.75–4.05); PW – 6.22 (6– 6.45); FWL – 9.9 (9.75–10.05); FWW – 6.52 (6.3–6.75); LFIII – 17.4 (16.5–18.3); WFIII – 5.1 (4.95–5.25); LTIII – 9.22 (8.7–9.75). Female (n=1) : BL – 30.3; HW – 7.35; IOD – 4.2; PL – 4.05; AWP – 7.05; PWP – 5.25; PW – 7.05; LFIII – 17.25; WFIII – 5.1; LTIII – 9.15; LBt-III – 4.2; OL – 8.25.