Taxonomic revision of the “ Pierella lamia species group ” (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with descriptions of four new species from Brazil Author Zacca, Thamara Author Siewert, Ricardo R. Author Casagrande, Mirna M. Author Mielke, Olaf H. H. Author Paluch, Márlon text Zootaxa 2016 4078 1 366 386 journal article 46777 10.11646/zootaxa.4078.1.31 d2b33f91-d907-4ee5-b033-39e20d989c37 1175-5326 267355 203F313A-5A03-4514-A5F3-BB315A6B7FF6 Pierella lamia ( Sulzer, 1776 ) ( Figures 1–4 , 29 , 36–41 , 48–49 ) Papilio rhea Fabricius, 1775 [preocc. Papilio rhea, Poda 1761 ]; Möschler, 1882 , p. 319.— Weymer, 1911 , p.178 [in. part.].— D’Abrera, 1988, p. 730. Papilio dyndimene Cramer, 1779 , p. 11, pl. 198, fig. F, G [ lectotype and paralectotype designated herein]. Pierella luna ab. albina Oberthür, 1896 , p. 32, pl. 2, fig. 10. Pierella lamia f. fabriciana Ebert, 1965 , p.82-83 [repl. name for Papilio rhea Fabricius, 1775 ]. Pierella lamia Sulzer, 1776 , p. 145, pl. 18, fig. 1.— Weymer, 1911 , p.178 [in. part.]. Diagnosis . Pierella lamia is distinguished from its congeners by the androconial patches with a marked dark central oval area ( Fig. 29 ). When compared to those new species described here, female papillae anales with a reduced postaphophysis, rounded ostium bursae, and a sclerotized plate on the underside of the ductus bursae ( Figs 48–49 ). FIGURES 13–28. Habitus of “ Pierella lamia ” species group. 13–16. Pierella angeloi sp. nov. : 13. male holotype, dorsal view; 14. male holotype, ventral view; 15. female allotype, dorsal view; 16. female, ventral view; 17–20. Pierella kesselringi sp. nov. : 17. male holotype, dorsal view; 18. Male, ventral view; 19. Female allotype, dorsal; 20. Female ventral view. 21–24. Pierella nice sp. nov. : 21. Male holotype, dorsal view; 22. Male, ventral; 23. Female allotype, dorsal; 24. Female, ventral view; 25–28. Pierella keithbrowni sp. nov. : 25. Male holotype, dorsal view; 26. Male, ventral view; 27. Female allotype, dorsal view; 28. Female, ventral view. Scale bar = 10 mm. Distribution ( Fig. 62 ). The available data suggest that P. lamia is associated with humid forests of northeastern Venezuela , Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana and northern Brazil (Amazonas, Pará and Maranhão) lowlands, and rainfall levels between 1500–2000 mm /year ( Brown 1948 ; Brown & Ab’Saber 1979; Constantino 1995 ) in the Roraima and Pará provinces of the Boreal Brazilian dominion. Host plant . Heliconia sp. ( Heliconiaceae ) ( Ackery 1988 ). Remarks . Papilio lamia Sulzer, 1776 was described based on an unknown number of specimens with the vague type locality “ Amerika ”. Papilio rhea Fabricius, 1775 was also described based on an undetermined number of specimens from “Indiis”, but Fabricius (1787 , 1793 ) later cited its locality as “Cajennae” ( French Guiana ). The type series is likely lost ( Zimsen 1964 ), and the specimen figured in BOA website ( Warren et al. 2014 ) is a syntype of Papilio dyndimene Cramer, 1779 . Papilio dyndimene was described based on undetermined number of specimens from Suriname and later synonymized with P. l a m i a by Weymer (1911) . Two females of P. dyndimene from Cramer’s type series are deposited at NHM and here, they are designated as lectotype and paralectotype . Lectotype female hereby designated with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): Nº 88 DYNDIMENE , Cr. III. 198. FG/ Dyndimene F./ Pirella rhea Fabricius , det. M. Clifton 1968/ BMNH(E)# 781041. Paralectotype female with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): TYPE / Surinam Coll/ FELDER COLLN./ Rotschild Bequest B.M. 1989–1 / Pierella rhea Fabricius , det. M. Clifton 1968/ BMNH(E)# 781042. Ebert (1965) pointed out that the name Papilio rhea is preoccupied by Papilio rhea Poda, 1761 (currently synonymized to swallowtail Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758) being Pierella lamia ( Sulzer, 1776 ) the valid name for this species. According to Brown (1948) , Pierella rhea (currently P. lamia ) has two subspecies: P. r. rh ea and P. r. chalybaea Godman, 1905 . The former is characterized by the same background colour pattern in both wings and no steely blue reflections on the hind wings. Brown (1948) also considered P. lamia as a form of P. r. rhea based on the hind wings darker than the forewings, mainly towards the external margin, and usually with steely blue reflections at the hind wing base. Our examination of 41 specimens indicated that Brown’s abovementioned characters are variable within the P. lamia , even between individuals collected in the same area. D’Abrera (1988) followed Brown’s hypothesis, but the specimen figured (p. 730) is clearly P. lamia , as already indicated by Constantino (1995) . Pierella luna ab. albina was described from Guatémala ( French Guiana ), and the illustration provided by Oberthür (1896: pl. II, fig. 10) and Warren et al. (2014) clearly confirms its identity as an aberration of P. l am i a ( Lamas 2004 ). Material examined . GUYANA— [Roraima] , Carimang River, 1 male , H. Whitely leg. , BMNH (E) #781004* (NHM); Essequibo River, 17. X.1929, 1 female, Oxf. Univ. Expedn. B.M.1929–485, BMNH (E) # 781010* (NHM). FRENCH GUIANA—no specific locality, 2008, 1 female , B. Mohamed leg . (BM); Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni : Säul , Mont Galbao, 6. X.2011, 1 female, B. Mohamed leg . (BM); no specific locality, 4. IX.2011, 1 female, B. Mohamed leg . (BM), 8. VIII.2012, 1 male, B. Mohamed leg . (BM); Antecume-Pata , 13. III.2012, 1 female, B. Mohamed leg . (BM); Cayenne : Kaw , road of Kaw, point kilometric 27, 17. IX.2010, 1 male, B. Mohamed leg . (BM). BRAZIL— Amazonas : Manaus , Tarumã, 2. VII.1981, 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg. , DZ 30.702 ( DZUP ); Amapá : Serra do Navio , 29. VII.2007, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg ., DZ 30.813 ( DZUP ); no specific locality, 6. IX.1963, 1 female, D’Almeida leg ., DZ 30.694 ( DZUP ), Rio Amapari, 100 m , XI.1959, 1 male and 1 female , Ebert leg ., DZ 30.692, DZ 30.693 ( DZUP ); Pará : Altamira , Marabá, Km 129, 10. IX.1979, 1 male, Gifford leg ., DZ 30.707 ( DZUP ); Belém , Utinga, 4. VIII.1936, 1 male, D’Almeida leg . ( IOC ), 29. VIII.1958, 1 male, Ebert leg ., DZ 30.687 ( DZUP ), 25 m , 12. IX.1959, 8 males, Ebert leg ., DZ 30.664*, DZ 30.684, DZ 30.685, DZ 30.686, DZ 30.688, DZ 30.689, DZ 30.692, DZ 30.694 ( DZUP ), 21. X.1966, 2 females, Ebert leg ., DZ 30.690, DZ 30.691* ( DZUP ), 22. XI.2004, 2 males, Mielke & Casagrande leg ., DZ 30.709, DZ 30.710 ( DZUP ); Murucutu, 12. VIII.1936, 1 male, D’Almeida leg . ( IOC ); Benevides , Neópolis, 23–24. XI.2004, 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg ., DZ 30.708 ( DZUP ); Cuminá , Rio Cuminá, Cachoeira do Tronco, 27. VIII.1936, 1 female, D’Almeida leg . ( IOC ), 31. VIII.1936, 2 males, D’Almeida leg . ( IOC ), DZ 30.700 ( DZUP ), 21. IX.1936, 1 female, D’Almeida leg ., DZ 30.663* ( DZUP ); Juriti , VI.1977, 1 male, J. Kesselring leg ., DZ 30.701 ( DZUP ); Óbidos , IV.1968, 1 female, R. Frey leg ., DZ 30.696 ( DZUP ), VI.1968, 1 female, Ebert leg ., DZ 30.699* ( DZUP ), IX.1968, 1 male, Ebert leg ., DZ 30.695 ( DZUP ), I. 1969, 1 male, J. Kesselring leg ., DZ 30.698 ( DZUP ), IX.1971, 1 male, J. Kesselring leg ., DZ 30.697 ( DZUP ); Santa Bárbara do Pará , 6. II.2010, 1 male, Carneiro, Dolibaina, Dias & Moreira leg ., DZ 30.704 ( DZUP ); Santarém , no date, 1 male , Garbe leg. IOC 28.139 ( IOC ); no specific locality, I.1957, 1 male, R. Frey leg ., DZ 30.711 ( DZUP ); no specific locality, no date, 1 male , Wallace leg ., BMNH (E) #781020* (NHM). Maranhão : Santa Luzia , Faz[enda] Terrasse, Km 108, Açailândia-Santa Luzia road, 31. VII.1974, 1 male, Mielke leg ., DZ 30.706 ( DZUP ).