A review of the genus Drymeia Meigen, 1826 (Diptera: Muscidae) in Russia
Author
Sorokina, Vera S.
Author
Pont, Adrian C.
text
Zootaxa
2015
4000
2
151
206
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.4000.2.1
f4b1ed21-6840-47a9-8aac-994a0b8cbee5
1175-5326
244482
B3EAB2EE-8DC2-4FB3-956E-36604B91EA18
The genus
Drymeia
Meigen, 1826
Drymeia
Meigen, 1826
: 204
. Type-species:
D. obscura
Meigen, 1826
[=
Musca hamata
Fallén, 1823
], by monotypy. Gender: feminine.
For a full list of generic synonyms, see
Savage & Wheeler (2004)
.
Drymeia
is a well-defined and monophyletic genus of the tribe
Azeliini
, subfamily
Azeliinae
. Cladistic morphological analysis has shown that its sister-group is the small Central Asian montane genus
Xestomyia
Stein, 1907
, and that
Drymeia
+
Xestomyia
is the sister-group of
Azelia
+
Thricops
(
Savage & Wheeler 2004
)
. A more recent molecular analysis (
Kutty
et al.
2014
), however, suggested that
Drymeia
is the sister-group of
Hydrotaea
Robineau-Desvoidy
, and that
Drymeia
+
Hydrotaea
is the sister-group of
Thricops
+
Huckettomyia
(maximum likelihood tree);
Azelia
and
Xestomyia
were not included in this analysis.
Drymeia
as currently recognised includes species of
Azeliini
with 3 or more posterodorsal setae on the hind tibia. Further diagnostic characters are (partly from
Savage & Wheeler 2004
): gena usually relatively broad with a patch of numerous but fine upcurved genal setae; genal dilation often extending anteriorly, convex and prominent; posterodorsal surface of hind coxa bare; hind tarsomere 1 often with a strong ventral seta near base; fore and mid tibiae with 1 or more setae on the ventral surfaces; haltere black; female frons with a pair of crossed setae on frontal vitta (except in
tetra
(Meigen))
and with the lower orbital seta proclinate and, usually, exclinate.
Species of
Drymeia
are invariably black in colour, with varying amounts of grey or brownish-grey dusting. Males have striking collections of setae and hair-like setae on the mid femur, hind femur and hind tibia, and this armature is highly species-specific. The male hind tibia often has an apical ventral prong that may be short and inconspicuous or long and almost as long as the apical tibial width.
Xue
et al
(2009)
have given an interesting discussion of several morphological modifications of
Drymeia
species which they suggest may be adaptations to the harsh environmental conditions at high altitude. These include the slender elongated mouthparts which facilitate the search for nectar and pollen whilst the flies are creeping among the sheltering petals of flowering plants, the streamlined body form, the specialised setae and setulae including the apical ventral projection on the hind tibia, the pointed and inwardly-directed projection on the inner surface of the male surstylus, and the fusion of the paired rods of tergite
8 in
the female oviscape which increases the rigidity and tension of this organ during copulation and oviposition.
The plasticity in characters which are striking, autapomorphic developments or which have in the past been considered to be of generic value has led to the erection of a number of genera which were eventually all synonymised with
Drymeia
, the oldest name in this group of genera (
Pont 1986
;
Huckett & Vockeroth 1987
). These include:
Drymeia
itself, which until 1986 contained only one species with a highly modified proboscis in which the labella are long, slender, strongly sclerotized and normally doubled back.
Bebryx
Gistl, 1848
, with fine setulae on the anepimeron and males with the tip of the abdomen enlarged and bearing a dense brush of slender black setae and setulae, caudally directed.
Pogonomyia
Rondani, 1871
, with facial edge projecting forward beyond the level of profrons.
Eupogonomyia
Malloch, 1921
, with a short prealar seta.
Pogonomyioides
Malloch, 1919
, with fine setulae present on katepimeron and apex of male fore coxa prolonged into a knob-like structure.
Trichopticoides
Ringdahl, 1931
, with facial edge not projecting forward beyond the level of profrons and eye in male densely haired.
Neoeriphia
Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911 and
Neopogonomyia
Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911 have not been accepted since their original descriptions.