<p> <strong> A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV — the continental Afrotropical species of <em> Curtonotum </ em> Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae </ strong> </ p> Author Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. ashley.kirk-spriggs@nasmus.co.za Author Wiegmann, Brian M. ashley.kirk-spriggs@nasmus.co.za text Zootaxa 2013 2013-07-09 3684 1 1 166 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1 1175-5326 5298914 E922034E-1247-400B-97F6-1778CF766B91 Curtonotum angolense Tsacas, 1977 Figs 112 , 136 , 172 , 238, 241, 244 , 295 , 325 , 326 . Curtonotum angolensis : Tsacas, 1977: 149 ; fig. 1, p. 150. Type locality: “ Angola : 5 mls. NE. Negola ”. Curtonotum angolense : Wirth and Tsacas (1980: 671) . Curtonotum angolense : Kirk-Spriggs (2008c: 251) . Redescription : Male (primarily based on field-pinned HT, PT). As redescribed for C . campsiphallum (above), differing in the following respects: Measurements : Overall length unknown; 4.5–5 mm ( Tsacas 1977: 150 ); length of head and thorax combined 1.9–2.5 mm ; length of thorax and scutellum combined 1.8–2.3 mm ; wing length 2.7–3.5 mm ( n = 5, PT). Head ( Figs 112 , 136 ). Eye height/length ratio: 8:6 ( n = 1, PT); frons ( Fig. 136 ) very slightly wider than long, frons length/width ratio: 5:6 ( n = 1, PT); arista with 9–10 dorsal branches and 4–6 ventral branches; 7 fine setae bordering genal groove; occiput grey pruinose; gena narrow, eye height/genal height ratio: 8:1 ( n = 1, PT), silver pruinose throughout. Thorax ( Fig. 112 ). Mesonotum golden-grey pruinose, with four narrow parallel brown pruinose vittae rather poorly defined; postpronotum with 7 fine setulae; anepisternum surface with 17 fine setulae; katepisternum surface with 13 short, fine setulae. Legs . Fore coxa with 9 brown setulae; fore tibia with ctenidium of 10–11 short, sharp, black spinules. Wing ( Fig. 172 ). Dm–cu crossvein with only slight medial angle. Abdomen . Tergites 3–5 with well developed “T-shaped” brown lateral maculae, but not merging with median fascia; sternites 5 and 6 ( Fig. 295 ); sternite 5 large, elliptical and laterally expanded, especially subbasally, extensive lateral maculae fused in basal ⅔; sternite 6 narrow basally, subquadrate with broad, shallow U-shaped apical excision, extensively darkened, except in basal V-shaped region, clothed in moderately short setae, those on inner margins longer and stronger. Terminalia ( Figs 238, 241, 244 ). Hypandrium ( Fig. 238 , hy ) very short, with reduced broad-based roundedtruncate dorsobasal lobe, sclerotised area of medial lobes (viewed dorsally), wide apically, there overlapping, postgonite ( pg ); epandrium ( ep ) slightly broader dorsally than ventrally (viewed laterally); cercus ( ce ); surstylus ( ss ); phallus (as in Figs 241 , ph , bp , dp ; 244, bp , dp ); phallapodeme ( Fig. 241 , ph ); ejaculatory apodeme ( ea ); basiphallus ( Figs 241, 245 , bp ) narrow, slightly wider at midlength, narrow apically, with brown, heavily sclerotised elongate baso-ventral process with distinct hook-like basal “spine” and one large tooth-like serration on posterior margin and one smaller serration on anterior margin; distiphallus ( Figs 241, 244 , dp ) long, heavily sclerotised, scimitar-like (viewed laterally), membranous area narrow. FIGURES 228–233 . Female postabdomen of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 228 . C . marriott sp. n. (lateral) (PT, Cameroon, Kriba beach, TAU). 229 . Same (ventral). 230 . C . moffatt sp. n. (lateral) (PT, Uganda, Katona, HNHM). 231 . Same (ventral). 232 . C . platyphallum (lateral) (N-T, Liberia, 8 mi. NW Zorzor, CAS). 233 . Same (ventral). 234–237 . Comparative material of non-Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 234 . C . helvum (lateral) (N-T, [Canada], Sandbanks P.P., Picton, DEBU). 235 . Same (ventral). 236 . C . anus (lateral) (N-T, Israel, Park HaYarden, TAU). 237 . Same (ventral) (Figs 236, 237 after Kirk-Spriggs and Freidberg 2007: 142 , figs 17, 18). Scale bars = 1 mm. FIGURES 238–246 . Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 238–240 . Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 238 . C . angolense (N-T, Angola, 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 239 . C . campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 240 . C . freidberg sp. n. (HT, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 241–243 . Phallus (right lateral view). 241 . C . angolense (same). 242 . C . campsiphallum (same). 243 . C . freidberg (same). 244–246 . Apical section of phallus (left lateral view). 244 . C . angolense (same). 245 . C . campsiphallum (same). 246 . C . freidberg (same). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. ♀ Unknown. Variation . No significant variation is noted. Differential diagnosis . Curtonotum angolenese is probably most closely-related to a group of two other species having the vittae on the mesonotum weakly defined, male sternite 5 expanded or otherwise modified, the basiphallus narrow and elongated and the membranous area of the distiphallus narrow ( C . quinquevittatum and C . freidberg sp. n. ). They are separable by use of the above key. Type material examined . ANGOLA : holotype ♂ , “Holo- / type [paper disc; red border] // ANGOLA (A37) / 5 mls. NE. Negola / 25.iii.1972 // Southern / African Exp. / B.M.1972-1 // CURTONOTUM / angolensis / n.sp. / Holotype / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [printed & handwritten] // Curtonotum ♂ / angolensis Tsacas, 1977 / A.H. Kirk-Spriggs vidit 2006” (BMNH). In good condition: left hind leg missing; re-staged on nu-poly mount; dissected, abdomen and terminalia in micro-vial pinned beneath specimen. Paratypes (all labelled: “ CURTONOTUM / angolensis / n.sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [printed & handwritten] // Curtonotum ♂ / angolensis Tsacas, 1977 / A.H. Kirk-Spriggs vidit 2006”): ANGOLA : 1♂ , same labels as holotype , except: “Para- / type [paper disc; yellow border]”; 30♂ , “ ANGOLA : / 10 mi. NE of / Sada Bandeira [Sá da Bandeira = Lubango] / V–20–[19]58, 1700 m // E.S. Ross & / R.E. Leech / collection // PARATYPE [printed in bold; red card]” (all CAS); 1♂ , same except: “Muséum Paris” (MNHN); 104♂ , “ ANGOLA : 10 mi. NE / of Sá da Bandeira. / 1700 m . 20–V–1958 / E. S. Ross & / R. E. Leech // PARATYPE [printed in bold; red card]”; 5♂ , “ ANGOLA : / Cacula / elev. 1530m / V–25–[19]58 // E.S. Ross & / R.E. Leech / collection // PARATYPE [printed in bold; red card]” (all CAS); 1♂ , same except: “Muséum Paris” (MNHN). Remarks . Tsacas (1977: 150) cited a total of 146 paratypes , but only 136 specimens are labelled as paratypes in total; 134 in CAS and two in MNHN. Tsacas (1977: 150) listed two ♂ paratypes from 5 mls. NE. Negola, but only one is present in the BMNH collection. Tsacas ( ibid .) erroneously cited the holotype data as “ 8 km NE Negola”, rather than “2 mls. NE Negola”, the latter being correct. Additional material examined (all labelled: “ Curtonotum angolense Tsacas, 1977 ♂ det. A.H. Kirk-Spriggs 2006”): ANGOLA : 1♂ , Angola , Cacula , elev. 1530 m , 25.v.[19]58, E.S. Ross & R.E. Leech collection; 8♂ , Angola , 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], 20.v.[19]58, 1700 m , E.S. Ross & R.E. Leech collection [1 head missing] (all CAS ) . Distribution . Endemic to Angola ( Fig. 325 , 326 ). The species is apparently restricted to the Angolan Escarpment at high elevations (1700 and 1530 m ) in mountains ranges near Lubango ( Fig. 325 ). Negola (the type locality) also forms part of the same mountain range and is part of the Southern African Escarpment. Bionomics . Occurring in the Angolan Miombo Woodland habitat type ; Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands vegetation type (see Appendix III ) .