Phylogeny of Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 and taxonomic revision of the Protopolybia exigua species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), with description of four new species Author Dos Santos Junior, José N. A. Author Silveira, Orlando T. Author Carpenter, James M. text Zootaxa 2015 3956 2 151 182 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.1 0cef7fa5-f64d-4988-b1b1-104c36ae02a2 1175-5326 237836 26251DCD-0660-4E4A-B5D1-FDC05BCFBE0F Taxonomy of Protopolybia exigua species-group The group of species referred here as the Protopolybia exigua species-group comprises 13 species. Four new species are described and one revalidated, and several new occurrences are recorded. Descriptions of new species and redescriptions of P. exigua , P. holoxantha , and P. rubrithorax Bequaert are presented below, as well as an identification key for the P . exigua species-group. Measurements of the female clypeus are presented in a relative scale given in “units of the minimum clypeus width” (MiWClp). The data about species distribution, not originating from the material examined, were taken from Richards (1978) , Sarmiento (1994) and Silveira & Carpenter (1995) .