Description of five new coral associated Barnacles of the genus Trevathana (Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) in Pacific Waters Author Chan, Benny Kwok Kan Author Chen, Yi-Yang Author Achituv, Yair Author Lin, Hsiu-Chin text Zootaxa 2017 2017-12-11 4363 2 151 202 journal article 31200 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.2.1 fa170e25-9f64-47da-8b18-59d050bf22d0 1175-5326 1098754 6E8B2053-10EC-49EA-8374-D835EACCE01D Trevathana longidonta sp. nov. HTTP://zOOBANK.ORG/URN:LSID:zOOBANK.ORG:AcT:5811F4F9-C0F4-4506-B115-9472E746F279 FIGUReS 2G H ; 23–30 Trevathana sp. nov. 3. Chan et al ., 2013 : 338 , figs. 299–307. Material examined. HOLOTyPe : ASIZCR000359, LOBSTeR CAVe, SIAO-LIU-QIAO ISLAND , TAIWAN ( 22o20.41’N , 120o23.18’E , DePTH 10M), AUGUST 2010 , cOLL. B.K.K. CHAN , ON cORAL Favites abdita ( ELLIS & SOLANDeR, 1786). PARATyPeS : ASIZCR000360, DONGSHA ATOLL ( 20°41.478 N , 116°45.103 E ), TAIWAN , MAy 2014 , cOLL. P.C. TSAI . ON cORAL Favites abdita . ASIZCR000361, DATA SAMe AS ASIZCR000360. ASIZCR000227, DATA SAMe AS ASIZCR000359. OTHeR MATeRIALS: CEL-GI-172-1, GeNeRAL ROcK, GReeN ISLAND , TAIWAN , AUGUST 2010 , cOLL. B.K.K. CHAN , ON FAVIIDAe (cORAL SPecIMeN TOO fRAGMeNTeD TO IDeNTIfy). CEL-TI- 11-1, TURTLe TAIL , KUeI SHAN ISLAND , TAIWAN , OcTOBeR 2010 , cOLL. B.K.K. CHAN , ON cORAL Pavona venosa (EHReNBeRG, 1834), CEL-TI- 11-3, CEL-TI- 11-4 AND CEL-TI- 11-5, DATA SAMe AS CEL-TI- 11-1. CEL-KT-85-1, NANWAN, KeNTING, PINGTUNG COUNTy , TAIWAN , NOVeMBeR 2010 , cOLL. B.K.K. CHAN , ON cORAL Favites abdita . CEL-DSA-6-1, DONGSHA ATOLL ( 20°41.478 N , 116°45.103 E ), MAy 2014 , cOLL. H.N. CHeN, P.C. TSAI , H.C. LIN, ON cORAL Favites abdita . CEL-DSA-54-5 DATA SAMe AS CEL-DSA-6-1. Diagnosis. ScUTAL WIDTH 4 TIMeS LONGeR THAN HeIGHT. OccLUDeNT MARGIN SLIGHTLy cURVeD. MeDIAN cLOSeD fURROW STRAIGHT, ABOUT 7/8 LeNGTH Of ScUTUM. ARTIcULAR MARGIN Of ScUTUM WITH INTeRLOcKING TOOTH, TOOTH NARROW, WIDTH ABOUT 1/2 Of ARTIcULAR MARGIN. ADDUcTOR PLATe ABSeNT. TeRGUM TRIANGULAR, BASAL MARGIN LONGeR THAN ScUTAL AND OccULDeNT MARGINS. INTeRNALLy, BASe Of TeRGUM WITH LONG, ROD-SHAPeD TOOTH, TOOTH eXTeNDING BeyOND cARINAL MARGIN. SPUR INDISTINcT. Description. SHeLL OVAL, cOVeReD By cORAL WHeN ALIVe ( FIG. 2G, H ). SHeLL (7.6 MM BD HOLOTyPe ), fLAT, eLLIPTIcAL, PLATeS fUSeD, WHITe (AfTeR cLeANING AND PReSeRVATION), WITH SMALL PROjecTIONS ROUGHLy ARRANGeD ON SURfAce ( FIG. 23A ). CIRcUMfeReNce Of BASe Of SHeLL WITH 37 SHORT PROjecTIONS, PROjecTIONS MARGIN SeRRATeD ( FIG. 23B ). ORIfIce eLLIPTIcAL, ROSTRO-cARINAL AXIS ABOUT 1/3 Of BASAL ROSTRO-cARINAL DIAMeTeR Of SHeLL. ScUTUM AND TeRGUM WHITe, SePARATeD ( FIG. 23C–G ). ScUTUM TRANSVeRSALLy eLONGATeD, TeRGAL MARGIN 4 TIMeS LONGeR THAN OccLUDeNT MARGIN. OccLUDeNT MARGIN SLIGHTLy cURVeD, eXTeRNAL SURfAce Of ScUTUM WITH STRAIGHT MeDIAN fURROW cLOSeD, ABOUT 7/8 TOTAL LeNGTH Of ScUTUM. ARTIcULAR MARGIN WITH NARROW, SeMIcIRcULAR, INTeRLOcKING TOOTH, WIDTH Of TOOTH ABOUT 1/2 Of ARTIcULAR MARGIN, GROWTH LINeS ON TOOTH ( FIG. 23G ). ADDUcTOR PLATe ABSeNT ( FIG. 23C ). TeRGUM TRIANGULAR ( FIG. 23E, F ), WITH BASAL MARGIN SHORTeR THAN cARINAL AND ScUTAL MARGINS, SPUR LOW, ScUTAL MARGIN SLIGHTLy cONcAVe, NOTcHeD; INNeR SIDe Of ScUTAL MARGIN WITH SeMIcIRcULAR DePReSSION AccOMMODATING INTeRLOcKING TOOTH Of ScUTUM ( FIG. 23F ). INTeRNAL SURfAce Of TeRGUM WITH POINTeD, INWARD PROjecTING TOOTH LOcATeD ON SPUR ( FIG. 23F ), TOOTH eXTeNDING BeyOND cARINAL MARGIN. FIGURE 23. Trevathana longidonta sp. nov. shell and opercular valves. (A) External vieW (ASIZCR000359) and (B) Internal vieW (ASIZCR000227) of shell. (C) External vieW (ASIZCR000359) and (D) Internal vieW (ASIZCR000359) of left scutum. (E) External vieW (ASIZCR000359) and (F) Internal vieW (ASIZCR000359) of left tergum. (G) Interlocking teeth of scutum. Note that for better comparisons of the internal vieW the scutum and tergum Were inclined. Scale bars in µm. FIGURE 24. Trevathana longidonta sp. nov. mouth parts. (A) Maxilla (ASIZCR000359). (B) Simple setae on distal region of maxilla. (C) Serrulate setae on interior margin of maxilla. (D) Maxillule (ASIZCR000359). (E) Large simple setae on cutting edge of maxillule. (F) Maxillule (CEL-TI-11-4). (G) Maxillule (CEL-TI-11-5). (H) Maxillule (CEL-GI-172-1). Scale bar in µm. FIGURE 25. Trevathana longidonta sp. nov. mouth parts. (A) Mandible (ASIZCR000359). (B) Bidentate second tooth of mandible. (C) Inferior angle With simple setae of mandible (D) Mandible (CEL-TI-11-4). (E) Inferior angle With simple setae of mandible (F) Mandible (CEL-TI-11-1). (G) Inferior angle With simple setae of mandible. (H) Mandible (CEL-GI-172-1). Scale bar in µm. FIGURE 26. Trevathana longidonta sp. nov. mouth parts. (A) Mandibular palp (ASIZCR000359). (B) Simple setae on distal part of mandibular palp. (C) Serrulate setae on exterior margin of mandibular palp. (D) Labrum (ASIZCR000359). (E, F) Teeth on crest of labrum. (G) Labrum (CEL-TI-11-4). (H) Labrum (CEL-TI-11-3). Scale bars in µm. FIGURE 27. Trevathana longidonta sp. nov. cirri I–VI. Line draWings of (A) Cirrus I. (B) Cirrus II. (C) Cirrus III. (D) Cirrus IV. (E) Cirrus V. (F) Cirrus VI. Scale bars in µm. FIGURE 28. Trevathana longidonta sp. nov. cirrus I–II. (A) Cirrus I (ASIZCR000359). (B) Serrulate setae on apex of posterior ramus of cirrus I. (C) Serrulate setae on anterior ramus of cirrus I. (D) Serrulate setae on apex of anterior ramus of cirrus I. (E) Cirrus II (ASIZCR000359). (F) Serrulate setae on apex of anterior ramus of cirrus II. (G) Serrulate setae on posterior ramus of cirrus II. (H) Serrulate setae on anterior ramus of cirrus II. Scale bars in µm. FIGURE 29. Trevathana longidonta sp. nov. cirri III–IV. (A) Cirrus III (ASIZCR000359). (B) Conical spines on posterior ramus (indicated by White arroWs). (C) Serrulate setae on anterior ramus apex. (D) Serrulate setae on anterior ramus. (E) Cirrus IV (ASIZCR000359). (F) Intermediate segment With 3 pairs of serrulate setae. (G) Serrulate setae on apex. (H) Intermediate segment With 3 pairs of serrulate setae. Scale bars in µm. FIGURE 30. Trevathana longidonta sp. nov. cirrus V–VI and penis. (A) Cirrus V (ASIZCR000359). (B) Cirrus VI (ASIZCR000359). (C) Intermediate segment With 5 pairs of serrulate setae of cirrus V. (D) Serrulate setae on apex of cirrus V. (E) Intermediate segment With 4 pairs of serrulate setae in cirrus VI. (F) Serrulate setae on apex of cirrus VI. (G) Penis (ASIZCR000359). (H) Basidorsal piont of penis. (I) Apex of penis. Scale bars in µm. MAXILLA SUBTRIANGULAR, BILOBeD ( FIG. 24A ), WITH SIMPLe SeTAe DISTALLy ( FIG. 24B ),SeRRULATe SeTAe ON INTeRIOR MARGIN ( FIG. 24C ). MAXILLULe WITH cUTTING eDGe STRAIGHT, WITHOUT NOTcH, BeARING ROW Of 11 OR 12 SPINeS (cOUNTS fROM 4 SPecIMeNS, FIG. 24D, F–H ). UPPeR AND LOWeR MARGINS WITH LONG, SIMPLe SeTAe. ( FIG. 24E ). MANDIBLe WITH 4 OR 5 TeeTH, eXcLUDING INfeRIOR ANGLe (cOUNTS fROM 4 SPecIMeNS, FIG. 25A, D, F, H ). SecOND TO fOURTH TeeTH BIDeNTATe ( FIG. 25B, D, F ), UPPeR 3 TeeTH OccUPyING MORe THAN 2/3 LeNGTH Of cUTTING eDGe, LOWeR MARGIN SHORT, INfeRIOR ANGLe WITH SMALL SeTAe ( FIG 25C, E, G ). MANDIBULAR PALP OVAL, DISTAL eND ROUNDeD ( FIG. 26A ), DISTAL ( FIG. 26B ) AND INTeRIOR MARGINS WITH SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 26C ). LABRUM BILOBeD, WITH V-SHAPeD NOTcH SePARATING 2 LOBeS, BeARING 1–3 SHARP TeeTH ON eAcH LOBe (cOUNTS fROM 3 SPecIMeNS, FIG. 26D–H ). CIRRUS I WITH RAMI UNeqUAL, ANTeRIOR RAMUS LONG, SLeNDeR, 9 SeGMeNTeD ( FIGS. 27A , 28A ), POSTeRIOR RAMUS 6 SeGMeNTeD, BeARING SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 28A–D ). CIRRUS II WITH RAMI SLIGHTLy UNeqUAL, ANTeRIOR RAMUS 7 SeGMeNTeD, POSTeRIOR RAMUS 6 SeGMeNTeD ( FIGS. 27B , 28E ), WITH SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 28E, F, G, H ). CIRRUS III WITH ANTeRIOR RAMUS SLIGHTLy LONGeR THAN POSTeRIOR RAMUS, 7 AND 6 SeGMeNTS ReSPecTIVeLy ( FIGS. 27C , 29A ), WITH SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 29B– D ). POSTeRIO-LATeRAL SIDe Of POSTeRIOR RAMUS Of cIRRUS III BeARING cONIcAL SPINeS ( FIG. 29B ). CIRRI IV–VI WITH LONG, SLeNDeR, RAMI Of SIMILAR LeNGTHS ( FIGS. 27D–F , 29E–H , 30A–F ). CIRRUS IV WITH ANTeRIOR RAMUS 21 SeGMeNTeD, POSTeRIOR RAMUS 22 SeGMeNTeD; cIRRUS V (15), (15); cIRRUS VI (15), (16). INTeRMeDIATe SeGMeNTS Of RAMI Of cIRRUS IV WITH 3 PAIRS Of SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 29H ); INTeRMeDIATe SeGMeNTS Of RAMI Of cIRRUS V WITH 5 PAIRS Of SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 30C ); INTeRMeDIATe SeGMeNTS Of RAMI Of cIRRUS VI WITH 4 PAIRS Of SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 30E ); DISTAL PAIR LONGeST, PROXIMAL PAIR SHORTeST ( FIG. 30E ). PeNIS LONG (1.6 TIMeS LeNGTH Of cIRRUS VI), ANNULATeD, WITH ScATTeReD SHORT, SIMPLe SeTAe ( FIG. 30G ). PeDIceL WITH SHARP BASIDORSAL POINT ( FIG. 30H ), APeX BeARING SHORT, SIMPLe SeTAe ( FIG. 30I ). HABITAT. ON THe cORALS Favites abdita , Favites flexuosa (DANA, 1846) AND Pavona venosa ( TAIWAN MAIN ISLAND AND DONGSHA ATOLL). Distribution. RecORDeD IN JAPAN , TAIWAN MAIN ISLAND AND ADjAceNT OUTLyING ISLANDS (INcLUDING SIAO LIU-QIAO, KUeI SHAN ISLAND AND GReeN ISLAND ) AND DONGSHA ATOLL. Etymology. Trevathana longidonta IS NAMeD fOR THe PReSeNce Of A LONG TOOTH ON THe INTeRNAL SURfAce Of THe TeRGUM. Remarks. THIS SPecIeS HAS A LONG, POINTeD TOOTH ON THe INTeRNAL SURfAce Of THe TeRGUM, WHIcH eXTeNDS BeyOND THe BASAL MARGIN Of THe TeRGUM. THIS feATURe IS ALSO PReSeNT IN Trevathana sarae BRIcKNeR, SIMON-BLecHeR & AcHITUV, 2010. HOWeVeR, Trevathana sarae DOeS NOT HAVe cONIcAL SPINeS ON cIRRUS III, AND THUS DIffeRS fROM T. longidonta sp. nov. Trevathana taiwanus sp. nov. HTTP://zOOBANK.ORG/URN:LSID:zOOBANK.ORG:AcT:6B52B28A-1952-4761-98C8-A8D2BE6623C5 FIGUReS 2I , J ; 31–38 Trevathana sp. nov. 2. Chan et al ., 2013 : 328 , figs. 290–298. Material examined. HOLOTyPe : ASIZCR000362, SHANfU FISHING HARBOR, SIAO-LIU-QIAO ISLAND , TAIWAN ( 22o20.20’N , 120o, 21.43’E), AUGUST 2010 , cOLL. B.K.K. CHAN , ON cORAL Platygyra lamellina (EHReNBeRG, 1834). PARATyPeS : ASIZCR000363, SHANfU FISHING HARBOR, SIAO-LIU-QIAO ISLAND , TAIWAN ( 22o20.20’N , 120o, 21.43’E), AUGUST 2010 , cOLL. B.K.K. CHAN , ON cORAL Platygyra lamellina . ASIZCR000364, DATA SAMe AS ASIZCR000363. Diagnosis. ScUTAL WIDTH 5 TIMeS LONGeR THAN HeIGHT. OccLUDeNT MARGIN cURVeD. MeDIAN cLOSeD fURROW cURVeD, ReAcHING 5/6 WIDTH Of ScUTUM. ARTIcULAR MARGIN WITH SeMIcIRcULAR, INTeRLOcKING TOOTH, WIDTH Of TOOTH ABOUT 3/4 HeIGHT Of ARTIcULAR MARGIN. ADDUcTOR PLATe PReSeNT, eXTeNDING fROM BASAL MARGIN. TeRGUM TRIANGULAR, BASAL MARGINS LONGeR THAN ScUTAL AND OccLUDeNT MARGINS, INTeRNAL TOOTH ABSeNT. SPUR WIDe, BLUNT, LONGITUDINAL MeDIAN fURROW TRIANGULAR, WIDTH INcReASING fROM ScUTAL MARGIN TO BASAL MARGIN. Description. SHeLL OVAL, cOVeReD By cORAL WHeN ALIVe ( FIG. 2I , J ). SHeLL fLAT (8.0 MM BD HOLOTyPe ), eLLIPTIcAL, PLATeS fUSeD, eXTeRNAL SURfAce WITH 25 WHITe (AfTeR cLeANING AND PReSeRVATION) RADIATING ROWS WITH UP TO 7 PROjecTIONS IN A ROW ( FIG. 31A ). CIRcUMfeReNce Of BASe Of SHeLL WITH 31 SHORT PROjecTIONS, PROjecTIONS MARGIN SeRRATeD ( FIG. 31B ). ORIfIce eLLIPTIcAL, ABOUT 1/3 BASAL ROSTRO-cARINAL DIAMeTeR LOcATeD cLOSeR TO cARINAL MARGINS THAN ROSTRAL MARGINS. ScUTUM AND TeRGUM WHITe, SePARATeD ( FIG. 31C–F ). ScUTUM TRANSVeRSALLy eLONGATeD, TeRGAL MARGIN 5 TIMeS LONGeR THAN OccLUDeNT MARGIN ( FIG. 31C–D ). OccLUDeNT MARGIN cURVeD. MeDIAN cLOSeD fURROW cURVeD, fURROW LeNGTH ABOUT 5/6 LeNGTH Of ScUTUM, WITH 14 SIMILAR-SIzeD TeeTH ALONG MARGINS Of fURROW ( FIG. 31C ). ARTIcULAR MARGIN WITH A LARGe, SeMIcIRcULAR INTeRLOcKING TOOTH, WIDTH Of TOOTH ReAcHING 3/4 LeNGTH Of ARTIcULAR MARGIN, GROWTH LINeS ON TOOTH. EXTeRNAL SURfAce Of ScUTUM WITH ADDUcTOR PLATe eXTeNDING fROM BASAL MARGIN ( FIG. 31C ). TeRGUM TRIANGULAR, BASAL MARGINS LONGeR THAN ScUTAL AND OccLUDeNT MARGINS ( FIG. 31E ). INNeR SIDe Of ScUTAL MARGIN WITH SeMIcIRcULAR DePReSSION AccOMMODATING INTeRLOcKING TOOTH Of ScUTUM ( FIG. 31F ). SPUR WIDe, BLUNT, eXTeRNAL SURfAce WITH TRIANGULAR-SHAPeD, LONGITUDINAL, MeDIAL fURROW, WIDTH Of MeDIAL fURROW INcReASING fROM DIRecTION Of ScUTAL MARGIN TO BASAL MARGIN ( FIG. 31E ). MAXILLA SUBTRIANGULAR ( FIG. 32A ), SIMPLe SeTAe DISTALLy ( FIG. 32B ) AND ON INTeRIOR MARGIN ( FIG. 32C ). MAXILLULe cUTTING eDGe STRAIGHT, WITHOUT NOTcH, ROW Of 9–11 SPINeS (cOUNTS fROM 3 SPecIMeNS, ( FIG. 32D, G, H ), SeTAe cLOSe TO SUPeRIOR eDGe Of cUTTING MARGIN LARGeST; INfeRIOR MARGIN NeXT TO cUTTING eDGe WITH DeNSe, fINe, SIMPLe SeTAe ( FIG. 32F ), LOWeR eDGe Of cUTTING MARGIN WITH LONG, SIMPLe SeTAe ( FIG. 32E ). MANDIBLe WITH 4 OR 5 TeeTH, eXcLUDING INfeRIOR ANGLe (cOUNTS fROM 3 SPecIMeNS, FIG. 33A, E, H ). SecOND TO fOURTH TeeTH BIDeNTATe ( FIG. 33B, F ), \ fIRST 3 TeeTH OccUPyING MORe THAN 2/3 LeNGTH Of cUTTING eDGe, LOWeR MARGIN SHORT ( FIG. 33D, G, H ), INfeRIOR ANGLe BLUNT ( FIG. 33G ). MANDIBULAR PALP OVAL, eLONGATeD ( FIG. 34A ), SIMPLe SeTAe ON DISTAL TIP ( FIG. 34B ), SeRRULATe SeTAe ON INTeRIOR MARGIN ( FIG. 34C ). LABRUM BILOBeD, LOBeS SePARATeD By V-SHAPeD NOTcH, SINGLe SHARP TOOTH ON eAcH LOBe (cONSISTeNT IN 2 SPecIMeNS, FIG. 34D–H ). CIRRUS I WITH RAMI UNeqUAL, ANTeRIOR RAMUS LONG, SLeNDeR, 15 SeGMeNTeD ( FIGS. 35A , 36A ), POSTeRIOR RAMUS 6 SeGMeNTeD, BeARING SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 36B–D ). CIRRUS II WITH RAMI SLIGHTLy UNeqUAL, ANTeRIOR RAMUS 10 SeGMeNTeD, POSTeRIOR RAMUS 9 SeGMeNTeD ( FIGS. 35B , 36E ), BeARING SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 36F–H ). CIRRUS III WITH ANTeRIOR RAMUS SLIGHTLy LONGeR THAN POSTeRIOR RAMUS, 11 AND 9 SeGMeNTS ReSPecTIVeLy ( FIGS. 35C , 37A ), BeARING SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 37A–D ). DORSAL SIDe Of POSTeRIOR RAMUS WITH cOMBS, cONIcAL SPINeS ABSeNT ( FIG. 37B ). CIRRI IV–VI LONG, SLeNDeR, RAMI SIMILAR IN LeNGTH ( FIGS. 35D–F , 37E , 38A–B ). CIRRUS IV ANTeRIOR RAMUS 17 SeGMeNTeD, POSTeRIOR RAMUS 21 SeGMeNTeD; cIRRUS V (22), (22); cIRRUS VI (23), (16) SeGMeNTS. SeGMeNTS Of RAMI Of cIRRUS IV WITH 3 PAIRS Of SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 37F–H ); RAMI Of cIRRI V–VI WITH 4 PAIRS Of SeRRULATe SeTAe ( FIG. 38C–F ); DISTAL PAIR LONGeST, PROXIMAL PAIR SHORTeST, ( FIGS. 35G–H , 38C, E ). PeNIS LONG, 2 TIMeS LeNGTH Of cIRRUS VI, ANNULATeD, WITH ScATTeReD SHORT, SIMPLe SeTAe ( FIG. 38G ). PeDIceL WITH BLUNT BASIDORSAL POINT ( FIG. 38G, H ), APeX BeARING SHORT, SIMPLe SeTAe ( FIG. 38I ). Etymology. THIS SPecIeS IS NAMeD fOR ITS TyPe LOcALITy, TAIWAN . Habitat. AT PReSeNT ONLy RecORDeD ON THe cORAL Platygyra lamellina . Distribution. CURReNTLy ONLy RecORDeD fROM TAIWAN . Remarks. THeRe ARe ONLy fOUR Trevathana SPecIeS, T. noae , T. taiwanus sp. nov. , T tureiae AND T. niuea , WHIcH DO NOT HAVe A TOOTH ON THe INTeRNAL SIDe Of THe TeRGUM. Trevathana taiwanus IS MORPHOLOGIcALLy SIMILAR TO T. noae AcHITUV & HOSIe, 2013 (See Key BeLOW). HOWeVeR, THe cONIcAL SPINeS ON THe DISTAL SeGMeNTS Of THe RAMI Of cIRRUS III THAT ARe fOUND IN T. noae ARe ABSeNT IN Trevathana taiwanus sp. nov.