Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae)
Author
HUBER, BERNHARD A.
text
Zootaxa
2012
2012-09-07
3461
1
1
138
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3461.1.1
journal article
53629
10.11646/zootaxa.3461.1.1
664d9cee-5b75-4788-a394-6b35a37de652
11755334
6415657
0704C43A-73D8-4A28-915A-7FF8611C8606
Smeringopus thomensis
Simon, 1907
Figs. 699–700, 705–706
, 709–711, 719–724, 732–740
Smeringopus thomensis
Simon 1907: 251–252
.
Type.
Male
holotype
from
São Tomé and Principe
,
São Tomé Island
,
Ribeira Palma
[
0°21’N
,
6°35’E
], leg.
L. Fea
, possibly in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria", Genova, not examined
.
Diagnosis. Distinguished from similar congeners (other species of the
thomensis
species group) by shape of embolus (two large rounded apophyses arising from embolus dorsally;
Figs. 722, 723
) and absence of pair of sclerotized areas on posterior rim of epigynum (
Fig. 709
); from
S. principe
also by absence of dorsal projection from procursus tip (compare
Figs. 720
and
725
) and much narrower pore plate (compare
Figs. 724
and
728
). Easily distinguished from all other congeners by distinctive color pattern dorsally on abdomen (figure composed of three black elements on posterior half;
Fig. 699
).
FIGURES 699–708.
Smeringopus thomensis
group.
S. thomensis
(699–700, 705–706),
S. principe
(702–704, 707–708), and
S. mayombe
(701). 699, 701, 703. Males, dorsal views. 700, 702. Male prosomata, oblique frontal views. 704. Female, ventral view. 705–708. Left male palps, prolateral and retrolateral views.
Male (Palha Plantation). Total body length 5.0, carapace width 1.5. Leg 1: 45.3 (11.9 + 0.5 + 10.8 + 20.1 + 2.0), tibia 2: 7.2, tibia 3: 5.1, tibia 4: 7.2; tibia 1 L/d: 64. Habitus as in
Fig. 699
. Carapace ochre-yellow with median and lateral dark pattern, clypeus distal half darker, without pair of lines, sternum dark brown with some small light spots, legs ochre-yellow, femora and tibiae with dark subdistal rings and light tips, abdomen grey with distinctive dorsal pattern, ventrally with dark anterior and posterior plates and three indistinct bands in median section. Distance PME-PME 125 µm, diameter PME 150 µm, distance PME-ALE 55 µm, distance AME-AME 30 µm, diameter AME 120 µm. Ocular area slightly elevated, secondary eyes with small dark ‘pseudo-lenses’; deep thoracic pit. Chelicerae with pair of small distal apophyses (
Fig. 721
), each provided with one modified hair at tip (
Fig. 734
). Palps as in
Figs. 705 and 706
, coxa with distinct retrolateral apophysis, trochanter barely modified, femur with deep retrolateral furrow, proximal rim distinct (
Fig. 732
), procursus with distinctive distal processes (
Figs. 719, 720
), bulb with complex embolus with distinctive rounded dorsal processes (
Figs. 722, 723
). Legs without spines, few vertical hairs, without curved hairs, retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 2%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1. Gonopore with two epiandrous spigots (
Fig. 736
); ALS with one widened and one pointed spigot each, other spigots apparently reduced to two tiny remnants (cf. female,
Fig. 737
).
FIGURES 709–717.
Smeringopus thomensis
group. Epigyna, ventral views and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 709–711.
S. thomensis
. 712–714.
S. principe
. 715–717.
S. mayombe
.
Variation. Tibia
1 in
3 other males: 8.9, 10.1, 10.7.
Female. In general similar to male; tibia
1 in
5 females
: 8.4–9.7 (mean 9.1). Epigynum a simple, roughly triangular plate with pockets (
Figs. 709, 710
), posterior plate semicircular; internal genitalia as in
Figs. 711
,
724
, and 739.
Distribution. Known from
São Tomé Island
only (
Fig. 718
).
Material
examined.
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE
:
São Tomé
:
Palha Plantation
near
São Tomé
town (
0°18.8’N
,
6°42.4’E
),
12.iv.2001
(
C.E. Griswold
),
4♂
5♀
in
CAS
.
Ponta Barro Bóró
(
0°23.8’N
,
6°36.3’E
), in culvert along roadside,
27.iv.2001
(
J.M. Ledford
),
1♀
3 juvs in
CAS
.
Augustino Neto
,
Rio de Oro Plantation
(
0°21.9’N
,
6°38.7’E
),
220 m
a.s.l.
,
13.iv.2001
(
C.E. Griswold
),
1♀
in
CAS
.
São Tomé
, no further locality data,
1.xi.1999
(W.
Tavernier
),
1♂
1 juv.
in
MRAC
(209235)
;
same data but garden,
17.xi.1999
,
1♂
1 juv.
in
MRAC
(209256).