Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995 Author Zajonz, Uwe Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Author Bogorodsky, Sergey V. Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. & Station of Naturalists, Omsk, Russia. Author Saeed, Fouad K. N. Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. & Environmental Protection Authority, Socotra Branch, Hadibo, Yemen. Author Aideed, Moteah S. Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. & Maritime Affairs Authority, Mukalla, Yemen. Author Lavergne, Edouard text Zootaxa 2023 2023-12-20 5389 3 301 330 https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1 1175-5326 10410051 3E7237B4-85C5-4581-B469-ED1C00154413 Scarus arabicus ( Steindachner, 1902 ) Pseudoscarus arabicus Steindachner, 1902: 318 ; holotype : NMW 72746 ; type locality: Mukalla , Yemen , Gulf of Aden . Arabian Parrotfish Figure 4 Material examined: Underwater photograph; SMF uncatalogued [sample of tissue SOC19-468], initial phase, 26 cm SL, Socotra Island , Hadibo fishmarket, 12 April 2019 ; SMF uncatalogued [sample of tissue SOC19-485], terminal male, 46 cm SL, Socotra Island , Hadibo fishmarket, 19 April 2019 . Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.4–2.7 in SL; dorsal profile of head of terminal males steep and distinctly convex; posterior nostril subequal to anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, less than one-half covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates slightly irregular; posterior margin of upper dental plate with 4 or 5 small blunt teeth; caudal fin slightly emarginate in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 15; median predorsal scales 4, about equal in size; cheek with 2 scale rows, lower row with 4–5 scales. Colouration : Initial phase gray-brown, the scale edges brown. Terminal males green often suffused with brown. Both phases with head pale blue-green ventrally, green front of snout, a broad pale blue-green band across interorbital which extends slightly behind orbit, dental plates blue-green, dorsal and anal fins colored like body with green-blue margin, and caudal fin with white posterior margin. Distribution: Restricted to the Arabian region, reported from the eastern Gulf of Aden to the Gulf of Oman (Randall 1995; Lips et al . 2016 ). Remarks: Observed individuals and collected specimens match the description of Scarus arabicus ( Randall & Bruce 1983 ; Randall 1995), supporting the record of Zajonz et al . (2019) . Individuals on Socotra Island were observed on rocky substrata at depths of 5– 8 m . Data on habitat and depth of collected specimens are not available. Previously known from Socotra Island ( Zajonz et al . 2019 ), the distribution range is extended to the west by the observation of the initial phase and a terminal male in a mixed coral and rock reef area of south-eastern Abd al-Kuri Island .