New species and records of Chapsa (Graphidaceae) in China Author Dou *, Ming-Zhu College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China Author Li *, Min College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China Author Jia, Ze-Feng College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China zfjia2008@163.com text MycoKeys 2021 2021-12-10 85 73 85 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.85.76040 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.85.76040 1314-4049-85-73 C42173B3D9525EC1B9EBA1E91F2639D4 Chapsa wolseleyana Weerakoon, Lumbsch & Luecking , in Weerakoon, Rivas Plata, Lumbsch & Luecking , Lichenologist 44(3): 377 (2012) Figure 3 Astrochapsa wolseleyana (Weerakoon, Lumbsch & Luecking ) Parnmen, Luecking & Lumbsch, in Parnmen et al., PLoS ONE 7(12): 10 (2012) Description. Thallus crustose, corticolous, grey-brown, surface dull to slightly shiny, uneven, fissured. Apothecia erumpent, dispersed, sometimes two or three fused, mostly rounded to seldom slightly angular, 0.7-1.2 mm diam.; thalline margin raised to lobulate, lobes erected to recurved, inner part brown, covered with rose-red or white pruina; disc exposed, rose-red, covered with thick, rose-red pruina. Exciple fused, cupular, laterally 180-250 μm wide, yellowish-brown to brown; epihymenium rose-red with granules, 20-50 μm high, K+ green; hymenium 140-230 μm high, clear, colourless, non-amyloid; hypothecium indistinct; paraphyses septate, tips rose-red and moniliform with oval or rectangular cells; periphysoides present, 50-100 μm long. Asci clavate, 1-spored, 110-135 x 35-50 μm ; ascospores densely muriform, oblong-ellipsoid, with hemispherical to roundish ends, 105-130 x 30-45 μm , first reddish, becoming hyaline to slightly olive-brown at maturity, I-. Pycnidia not observed. Figure 3. Chapsa wolseleyana (LCUF FJ19148-b) A habit of thallus with apothecia B apothecia at different developmental stages C apothecium (part of pruina scraped off) D section of apothecium with periphysoids (direction of arrow) E paraphyses F young and mature ascospores. Scale bars: 1.5 mm ( A ); 1 mm ( B ); 0.25 mm ( C ); 120 μm ( D ); 10 μm ( E ); 25 μm ( F ). Chemistry. No substances detected by TLC but apothecial disc with pigment producing K+ yellow-green efflux, suggesting presence of isohypocrelline. Ecology and distribution. Growing on bark exposed to wind and high light intensity in montane forests. Worldwide distribution: Sri Lanka ( Weerakoon et al. 2012 ) and newly reported for China. Selected specimens examined. China . Fujian Province : Quanzhou City , Jiuxian Mountain , Reflecting Pool , 25°42'57"N , 118°07'14"E , alt. 1540 m , on bark, 5 Jul 2019 , F.Y. Liu FJ19148-b (LCUF) (GenBank MW009106 for ITS, MW010270 for LSU and MW010279 for SSU) ; China . Fujian Province : Quanzhou City , Jiuxian Mountain , Natural Observation Path , 25°42'44"N , 118°07'17"E , alt. 1460 m , on bark, 25 Jul 2019 , F.Y. Liu FJ19158 (LCUF) (GenBank MW009078 for ITS, MW010273 for LSU and MW010277 for SSU) . China . Fujian Province : Quanzhou City , Jiuxian Mountain , Reflecting Pool , 25°42'57"N , 118°07'14"E , alt. 1540 m , on bark, 25 Jul 2019 , F.Y. Liu FJ19127-2, same locality, FJ19128-2, FJ19141-2 (LCUF) . Note. Chapsa wolseleyana is characterised by its grey-brown, uneven thallus, apothecia with raised to lobed thalline margin, rose-red discs with similar coloured pruina, rose-red epihymenium and paraphyses tips, distinct periphysoids, 1-spored asci, muriform ascospores, red when young and hyaline to olive-brown when old. Only a few species of Chapsa have pigmented discs and among them C. rubropulveracea Hale ex Mangold, Luecking & Lumbsch is morphologically most similar to C. wolseleyana , but its thallus is farinose and its ascospores are 8 per ascus, smaller (15-20 x 5-6 μm ) and transversely septate ( Lumbsch et al. 2011 ). Chapsa wolseleyana was transferred to Astrochapsa , based on a phenotype-based analysis (not molecular phylogeny) ( Parnmen et al. 2012 ). However, our phylogenetic analysis shows that this species belongs in Chapsa , rather than Astrochapsa . Chapsa wolseleyana was associated phylogenetically with a strongly-supported clade (100/1) with C. patens , but with sufficient distance to be considered a distinct species. In addition, the latter differs from C. wolseleyana in having larger pale brown apothecia (up to 2 mm diam.) with white pruina, unpigmented epihymenium and unpigmented paraphyses adspersed with fine greyish to brownish granules, hyaline ascospores (Frisch et al. 2006; Joshi et al. 2012 ; Joshi et al. 2018 ).