Taxonomic notes on Spirotaenia (Mesotaeniaceae, Zygnematophyceae) from a Brazilian phytotelm habitat: new species and new records Author Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s / nº, 44036 - 900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil. Author Bicudo, Carlos Eduardo De Mattos Núcleo de Ecologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Estéfano, nº 3687, 04301 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Author Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s / nº, 44036 - 900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil. text Phytotaxa 2017 2017-06-16 309 3 265 270 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.309.3.8 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.309.3.8 1179-3163 13702022 Spirotaenia closteridia (Kützing) Rabenhorst 1868: 146 ( Figs. 3–10 ). Basionym: Endospira closteridia Brébisson in Kützing 1847: 24, pl. 36: 2 (original diagnosis). Cells 6–8.2 times longer than broad, curved cylinders slightly narrowing toward the rounded poles, chloroplast a parietal ribbon making 1.5–3.5 turns. Conjugation not observed. Cell dimensions: length 15–33 μm, breadth 2.5–4 μm. Specimens examined:— BRAZIL . Bahia : Santa Teresinha, Serra da Jiboia. 18-VII-2015 . G.J.P. Ramos, C.W.N. Moura & D.D.S. Reis s.n (HUEFS 155347, HUEFS 155348). Habitat:— bromeliad tanks ( Alcantarea nahoumii ); water temperature 22–27º C. pH 5.2–6.1. electric conductivity 0.09–0.12 mS. cm-1 . total dissolved solids 0.05–0.06 ppt. dissolved oxygen 6.9–9.4 mg .L- 1 . Comments:— Morphologically, Spirotaenia closteridia resembles S. endospira W.Archer ( Figs. 11–18 ), though the latter species is different by having wider oblong-cylindrical cells. Sometimes it is difficult to separate these species, especially when S. closteridia cells do not show a very remarkable curvature and have a chloroplast with 1.5–2.5 turns, thus requiring a population analysis to check other features such as poles and cell dimensions. So far, records of Spirotaenia closteridia were confined to the Northern Hemisphere: Austria ( Lenzenweger 2003 ), France ( Kouwets 1999 ), Ukraine ( Palamar-Mordvintseva & Petlovany 2009 ) and United States of America ( Prescott et al. 1972 ). This is the first time that the species is reported for the Southern Hemisphere and for a phytotelm habitat.