The species of Eilema Hübner, [1819] sensu lato present in Europe and North Africa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) Author Macià, Ramon 0000-0002-2166-1540 Corresponding author rmaciavila@gmail.com Author Ylla, Josep 0000-0001-7280-9421 Author Gastón, Javier 0000-0003-3382-3874 Author Huertas, Manuel 0000-0002-6758-1984 Apartado de Correos 47, 21080 Huelva, Spain. huertasdionisio @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6758 - 1984 huertasdionisio@gmail.com Author Bau, Josep 0000-0002-9231-2356 Biosciences Department, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, 08500, Vic, Spain. josep. bau @ uvic. cat; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9231 - 2356 josep.bau@uvic.cat text Zootaxa 2022 2022-10-03 5191 1 1 87 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5191.1.1 journal article 157785 10.11646/zootaxa.5191.1.1 b8beacf0-8401-4c8b-8b7e-8e97dc1a199e 1175-5326 7144073 B66F9DFC-3BF3-42CA-B08F-F983FD615F4E Indalia lutarella lutarella ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) comb. nov. Original combination: Phalena Tinea lutarella Linnaeus, 1758 . Systema Nature (ed. 10) 1: 535. T. L.: Europe. Material examined. SWEDEN : 2 ♂ , Hallstahammar , Vastmanland , 27.vii.1978 , E. Neutsen leg. ; 1 ♀ , Västeräs , Vastmanland , 2.viii.2009 , J. Ylla leg. DENMARK : 1 ♂ , Svaneke, Nordskov, 10.viii.2019 , A. Madsen leg. ; 1 ♂ , Arnager, 26.vii.2018 , A. Madsen leg. Diagnosis. Sexual dimorphism slight, the females somewhat smaller and brighter.The species is easily distinguished by the ochreous or yellow colour, dark grey to greyish-brown in the costal area of the hindwing. The dark frons, together with the large and dark eyes, make the whole head very dark when viewed from the front. Wing colour is usually more vivid, the ochreous-yellow colour deeper and the dark infusion more intense than in Indalia pygmaeola and Indalia marcida . Re-description. Imago ( Figs. 25–26 ). Wingspan of males around 25–30 mm , females 20–26 mm . Genitalia ( Fig. 61 ). Male genitalia: Uncus thick and short; valvae ovoid, pointed, with rounded cucullus; saccular process short and broad, weakly sclerotised, not reaching the end of the valva; juxta, rectangular, small and weakly sclerotised; vinculum short. Aedeagus cylindrical, thick and with two large and very sharp cornuti. Female genitalia: Anal papillae small, although well sclerotised; ostium bursae membranous; ductus bursam broad, membranous and quite short; corpus bursa rounded with central signum. The membranous process leading to the ductus seminalis is short and extremely wide. Immature stages. Not studied. Molecular data. No samples belonging Indalia lutarella lutarella subspecies have been analysed for DNA. The published data from BOLD includes 27 specimens of Indalia lutarella from 7 countries ( Austria , Germany , Finland , Norway , France , Spain and Russia ), but only one example is specified as subsp. Indalia lutarella lutarella (NOCJB076-08) from Rhone-Alpes , France and another one as subsp. Indalia lutarella luqueti (NOCJB077-08) from Alpes-Maritimes, France . However, the sequences from these two records differ only in one nucleotide. The 27 records from BOLD form a single BIN cluster (BOLD: ABZ2872) and a specific analysis of their within-group p-distance (average 0.28%; max. 2.68%, var. 0.15%) is relatively low and does not clearly split the data in groups that could coincide with subspecific forms. Biology. Univoltine, flying between June and August, favouring mountainous, sunny biotopes on calcareous soils, located at low elevations in the Scandinavian region, but extending up to 2400 m , above the tree line in many locations and reaching up to the alpine meadows. Adults active by day and at night, when the males, occasionally females, are attracted to artificial light. Larvae feed on lichens from logs, stones and rocks, as well as dry or decomposing plant material ( Ylla et al . 2010 ). Distribution ( Fig. 107 ). Transpalaearctic.Throughout Europe, except the British Isles, northern Scandinavia and southern Balkans, extending east to Siberia and central and northern Asia. The actual distribution of nominotypical Indalia lutarella should be correctly defined taking into account the distribution of subsp. Indalia lutarella luqueti . Observations. The taxon originally described as Ilema lutarella var diluta Rothschild, 1917 from Algeria , characterized by not having the yellow hue, is conspecific with marcida and not with lutarella . The taxonomic identity of the southern Scandinavian populations remains to be clarified due to the presence of certain differences between the genitalia of the typical populations from Sweden and Denmark . Several individual forms have been described.