Descriptions of five new species in Entoloma subgenus Claudopus from China, with molecular phylogeny of Entoloma s. l. Author He, Xiao-Lan Author Horak, Egon Author Wang, Di Author Li, Tai-Hui Author Peng, Wei-Hong Author Gan, Bing-Cheng text MycoKeys 2019 61 1 26 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.61.46446 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.61.46446 1314-4049-61-1 80CB21905B515A1A92C99AD1CB72BE1D 5. Entoloma reductum Xiao L. He & E. Horak sp. nov. Figures 1i, j, k , 6 Type. China. Yunnan Prov.: Binchuan County, Jizu Mountain, ca. 2600 m elev., 25°58'N , 100°21'E , on rotten stump of Castanopsis sp., 8 September 2015, X.L. He ( SAAS 1091 , holotype; ZT 13607 , isotype). Sequences ex holotype. KU312123 (ITS), KU534232 (nLSU), KU534480 (RPB2), KU534419 (mtSSU). Etymology. reductum (Lat.), referring to the reduced stipe. Diagnosis. Entoloma reductum is similar to E. byssisedum but differs by the size of the basidiospores. Pileus 8-25 mm broad, conchate, broadly convex to applanate, greyish at first, becoming greyish-brown with age, entirely matted-tomentose or matted-fibrillose, fibrils greyish-white, slightly hygrophanous, margin weakly transparent-striate. Lamellae moderately close, with two tiers of lamellulae, adnate, ventricose, up to 4 mm wide, whitish or pale greyish at first, becoming pink or rust pinkish with age, entire edges concolorous. Stipe 1-2.5 x 0.5-1 mm, lateral, strongly reduced, pale grey brownish, covered with minute pale greyish fibrils, base with white mycelium. Rhizoids absent. Context thin, greyish, unchanging on exposure. Odour absent. Taste not distinctive. Basidiospores 8-10.5 (12) x 6-7.5 µm ( x = 8.8 +/- 0.2 x 6.6 +/- 0.3 µm ), Q = 1.25-1.61, Q = 1.35 +/- 0.05, 5-6-angled, heterodiametric in profile view. Basidia 20-34 x 8-11 µm , clavate, 4-spored, clampless. Lamellar edge fertile. Cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia and caulocystidia absent. Pileipellis a cutis composed of cylindric hyphae, terminal cells (25-) 40-65 x 5-7 µm , repent or slightly uplifted, cylindrical or slender clavate, non-gelatinised wall thin, smooth or minutely encrusted with slightly pale brown pigment. Oleiferous hyphae present in pileipellis. Clamp connections present in the pileipellis. Habitat. On decayed stump of Castanopsis sp.; on soil or rock amongst moss in forest dominated by Quercus sp. Additional materials examined. China. Sichuan Prov.: Yajiang County, Gexigou National Nature Reserve, ca. 2800 m elev., 30°03'N , 101°E , on rock amongst moss, 6 August 2015, X.L. He ( SAAS 1016 ); on soil amongst moss, 3 August 2014, X.L. He ( SAAS 1897 ); on rock amongst moss, 3 August 2014, X.L. He ( SAAS 2068 ). Yunnan Prov.: Binchuan County, Jizu Mountain, ca. 2600 m elev., 25°58'N , 100°21'E , on decayed stump of Castanopsis sp., 8 September 2015, X.L. He ( SAAS 1608 ; ZT 13606 ). Remarks. Entoloma reductum is unique by the combined features of pleurotoid, greyish-brown basidiomes, presence of brownish encrusting and intracellular pigment and presence of scattered clamp connections. Entoloma reductum can be confused with E. byssisedum (Pers.) Donk; however, the latter species is separated by the larger basidiospores (9.5-12 x 6.5-8.0 µm , Noordeloos 2004 ). E. byssisedum var. microsporum is separated by the more reniform and paler coloured pileus and, in addition, the two species are well distinguished by their ITS and RPB2 sequences. Claudopus dulcisaporus Largent, described from North America, shares with E. reductum the brown basidiomes and the size of the basidiospores, but it can be distinguished not only by the presence of abundant cheilocystidia, but also the habitat ( Largent 1994 ). Claudopus graveolens Largent is distinguished by smooth and bicolorous pileus, presence of cheilocystidia ( Largent 1976 ); finally, C. avellaneus differs by the narrower basidiospores (8-10 x 5-6 µm , Murrill 1917 ). Figure 6. Microscopic structures of Entoloma reductum (holotype) a Basidiospores b Pileipellis.