A new cynipid inquiline of the genus Lithosaphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae Synergini) from India, with an updated key to all known species Author Melika, George 0000-0002-5204-6890 Plant Health Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budaörsi str. 141 - 145, Budapest 1118, Hungary & melikageorge @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5204 - 6890 melikageorge@gmail.com Author Ranjith, Avunjikkattu Parambil 0000-0001-7061-9659 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore 560064, India & ridhuranjith @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7061 - 9659 ridhuranjith@gmail.com Author Lobato-Vila, Irene 0000-0001-5965-9975 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (BEECA), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia & tenshi. irene @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5965 - 9975 tenshi.irene@gmail.com Author Priyadarsanan, Dharma Rajan 0000-0001-8137-3404 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore 560064, India & priyan @ atree. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8137 - 3404 priyan@atree.org Author Pujade-Villar, Juli 0000-0001-7798-2717 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (BEECA), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia & jpujade @ ub. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7798 - 2717 jpujade@ub.edu text Zootaxa 2021 2021-10-28 5060 1 124 136 journal article 3786 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.1.6 a5dd5d5b-3df7-411e-9259-1133b13c6727 1175-5326 5606820 255440D7-6473-406A-827F-7C667B297CE5 Key to Lithosaphonecrus species Currently 12 species of Lithosaphonecrus are known, with the herein new described species ( Table 1 ). An identification key to all Lithosaphonecrus is presented below. 1 Frons medially without carinae, although facial striae extend on the lateral area of the frons, reaching the lateral ocelli; POL 3.0x as long as OOL; occipital carina well defined, complete ( Fig. 24 ).................................. L . papuanus - Frons with few carinae running from toruli to lateral ocelli or with median frontal carina; POL less than 3.0x as long as OOL; occipital carina absent or incomplete ( Fig. 25 ), present only above mid part of occipital foramen...................... 2 2 Posterolateral margin of gena delicately curved ( Figs 27–28 )................................................... 3 - Posterolateral margin of gena strongly angled ( Fig. 29 )....................................................... 8 3 Mesoscutum anteriorly vertically abrupt to pronotum ( Fig. 31 )................................................. 4 - Mesoscutum anteriorly not abrupt vertically, delicately curved till pronotum....................................... 6 4 Gena behind eye much narrower dorsally than ventrally ( Fig. 27 ); parascutal carina extending to tegula level only; syntergite 2+3 with posterior reticulate band, all subsequent terga microreticulate.................................... L . huisuni - Gena behind eye only slightly narrower dorsally than ventrally ( Figs 28–29 ); parascutal carina extending to notaulus ( Fig. 30 ); syntergite 2+3 with a posterior band of micropunctures, subsequent terga with micropunctures........................ 5 5 Legs yellow, except darker hind coxa; mesoscutum imbricate with weak transverse rugae, median mesoscutal line absent. Males unknown. From bud galls on Lithocarpus thomsonii ........................................... L. mindatus - Legs brownish, most part of coxae and femora blackish; mesoscutum transversely rugose-carinate, median mesoscutal line in a form of short triangle. F 1 in male incised on outer margin, weakly swollen distally, slightly longer than F2+F3, F2=F3; frons in male densely setose. From bud galls on Castanopsis sp. ........................................ L . vietnamensis 6 Mesosoma black. Torulus in females below mid-height of eye; F 1 in female slightly longer than pedicel ( Fig. 34 ); POL 2.5x as long as OOL; radial cell 3.0x as long as wide, R1 not reaching wing margin, Rs curved ( Fig. 35 ). F 1 in male around 1.5x as long as pedicel ( Fig. 36 )..................................................................... L. arcoverticus - Mesosoma dark brown. Torulus in females at mid-height of eye; F 1 in females longer, at least 1.3x as long as pedicel; POL 1.6x as long as OOL; radial cell shorter, R1 reaching wing margin, Rs nearly straight. F 1 in male longer.................... 7 7 Head trapezoid ( Fig. 32 ). F2+F 3 in females subequal to F1 ( Fig. 38 ). F 1 in males 2.0x as long as pedicel, last flagellomeres 2.0x as long as broad ( Fig. 40 )..................................................................... L. decarinatus - Head rounded in frontal view ( Fig. 33 ). F2+F 3 in female 1.3x as long as F1 ( Fig. 37 ). F 1 in males less than 2.0x as long as pedicel, last flagellomeres shorter ( Fig. 39 )....................................................... L. formosanus 8 Parascutal carina extending to tegula only.................................................................. 9 - Parascutal carina extending to notaulus ( Fig. 30 )........................................................... 10 9 Males only. Head and mesosoma black; gena with subparallel striae radiating from malar space and extending behind eye; occiput and postgena smooth, glabrous. F1 2.6x as long as F2 and 1.9x as long as pedicel....................... L . yunnani - Males and females. Head and/or mesosoma partially brown; gena behind eye alutaceous, subparallel striae radiating from malar space extending only into lower part of gena; occiput and postgena alutaceous to reticulate. F 1 in male 1.9x as long as F2 and 1.5x as long as pedicel; F 1 in female 1.9x as long as F2, F2 slightly longer than F3.......................... L. dakengi 10 POL 1.3x as long as OOL or slightly shorter; postgena setose; transfacial distance 1.2x as long as height of eye; gena along occipital carina coriaceous, without foveae; lower face in male with dense white setae, hidden striae ( Fig. 26 )..... L. edurus - POL 1.5x as long as OOL; postgena glabrous; transfacial distance equal or shorter than height of eye; gena along occipital carina strongly, transversally carinate, foveolate; lower face in male with sparse setae, irradiating striae distinct, visible... 11 11 Head and mesosoma black; frons with median longitudinal striae running from toruli to central ocellus; clypeus ventrally triangular; radial cell around 3.0x as long as broad; lateral propodeal carinae converging ventrally. F 11 in females less than 2.0x as long as F10; F 1 in males around 2.0x as long as pedicel...................................... L. nagalandi , sp. nov. - Head and mesosoma reddish to chestnut; frons without median frontal carinae; clypeus ventrally straight; radial cell shorter; lateral propodeal carinae subparallel. F 11 in females more than 2.0x as long as F10; F 1 in males more than 2.0x as long as pedicel.................................................................................. L. puigdemonti