Revision of the South African leafhopper genus Hadroca Theron (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Bonaspeiini) Author Stiller, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-9760 Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X 134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa stillerm@arc.agric.za text Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 2023 2023-02-03 70 1 13 54 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.90851 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.90851 1860-1324-1-13 6D8B46D435BE4D278E83114743405631 CB095530EADA5E0486C5EBF218F47E8F Hadroca bualacauda sp. nov. Figs 15 -18 , 26D Diagnosis. Tegmina macropterous, posterior margin with narrow, acuminate extension, light brown, oblique band medially. Aedeagal shaft short, strongly curvate, preatrium reduced. Style apophysis in dorsal view sublinear, in lateral view short, apex curved ventrad. Subgenital apex equidistant to apex of pygofer lobe. Female sternite VII posterior margin with short, wide ligula, recessed in deep or shallow V-shaped, wide notch. Etymology. Named in Latin, for the large specimen with the wing tail, bu -, prefix meaning large, ala , wing, cauda , tail, gender feminine. Color. Male, female & nymph. Dorsum usually unmarked. Tegmina with some cells whitish, sometimes with brown reticulation, distally embrowned, veins light brown (Fig. 15A-C ). Face unmarked (Fig. 15E ). Nymph color as in Fig. 15D with abdomen darker than head, pronotum and thorax. Morphology. Male. Tegmina . Macropterous (Fig. 15A, C ), (length/width 2.9-3.2, length 4.1-4.8 mm, width 1.34-1.5 mm); posterior margin narrowly extended with numerous cross veins (Figs 15A, C , 18R ). Hind wing . Reduced (Fig. 18O ), elongate (length/width 3.4-4.0, male 2.9-3.5 mm long, 0.8-1.0 mm wide). Female. Tegmina . Macropterous (Fig. 15B ), length/width 2.9-3.3, length 4.3-5.1 mm, width 1.4-1.6 mm; posterior margin narrowly extended with numerous cross veins (Figs 15B , 18R ). Hind wing . Reduced (Fig. 18P ), elongate, length/width 3.4-4.0, length 3.2-3.8 mm, width 0.9-1.0 mm. Chaetotaxy . AV 9-14, IC 8-10, single AV1 seta. (Fig. 15G, H ). Measurements. Male. (n=41). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.02-5.95 mm; apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.87-4.63 mm; crown length 0.52-0.61 mm; crown length next to eye 0.34-0.40 mm; pronotum length 0.58-0.67 mm; head width 1.67-1.81 mm; pronotum width 1.63-1.82 mm; ocellus diameter 24-40 µm ; interocular distance 175-207 µm ; crown angle 111-117°; crown length/crown length next to eye 1.46-1.62; head width/pronotum width 0.99-1.04; ocellus diameter/interocular distance 0.12-0.21; crown length/pronotum length 0.83-0.97; pronotum length/pronotum width 0.35-0.38; crown length/head width 0.30-0.35; crown length/pronotum width 0.31-0.35; length to tegmina/length to abdomen 1.24-1.35. Female. (n=63). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.51-6.49 mm; apex of crown to apex of abdomen 4.57-5.23 mm; crown length 0.56-0.63 mm; crown length next to eye 0.37-0.41 mm; pronotum length 0.64-0.72 mm; head width 1.76-1.92 mm; pronotum width 1.74-1.93 mm; ocellus diameter 25-36 µm ; interocular distance 188-227 µm ; crown angle 111-117°; crown length/crown length next to eye 1.44-1.61; head width/pronotum width 0.98-1.02; ocellus diameter/interocular distance 0.12-0.18; crown length/pronotum length 0.82-0.94; pronotum length/pronotum width 0.36-0.38; crown length/head width 0.31-0.34; crown length/pronotum width 0.30-0.35; tegmina/length to abdomen 1.18-1.28. Figure 15. A-H Hadroca bualacauda sp. nov., male, female and nymph, habitus images, face, terminalia and profemur. A. Male, dorsally, Dwarsrivier; B. Male, dorsally, Biesiesfontein; C. Male, laterally, Gifberg; D. Nymph, dorsally, Dwarsrivier; E. Face, Biesiesfontein; F. Sternite VII, Garies; G. Profemur, Tulbagh; H. Caps, i.e., Profumur, Gifberg. A-D . Scale bars: 1 mm. Terminalia. Male. Aedeagus . Shaft edentate, narrowly curvate (Fig. 18E, F ), segment angle 175-189°, short, apically narrower than medially, gonopore circular, anteriad (Fig. 18G ), rarely extended posteriad, shallow in Van Rhynsdorp specimen, deeply in Dwarsrivier specimen (Fig. 18I ). Curvature depicted by segment defined by chord and height 167-181°. In lateral view, area 28-44 µm 2, perimeter 1.142-1.742 mm; greatest straight line length from atrium to apex of dorsal apodeme/greatest straight line length from atrium to apex of shaft 0.39-0.50. Style . Apophysis short (length apophysis/length greatest 0.1-0.2), straight, length greatest/width greatest 1.5-1.9 (Fig. 18K, L ). Figure 16. A-K Hadroca bualacauda sp. nov., ovipositor images with specimen localities. A. Valvula 1, subbasally, Biesiesfontein; B. Valvula 1, subapically, Biesiesfontein; C. Valvula 2, apically, Biesiesfontein; D. Valvula 3, apically, Garies; E. Valvifer 1, Biesiesfontein; F. Valvula 2, immaculate, apically, Garies; G. Valvula 2, sculptured, apically, Garies; H. Valvifer 1, left, Garies; I. Valvifer 1, right, Garies; J. Valvifer 2, left, Garies; K. Valvifer 2, right, Garies. A-K . Scale bars: 100 µm . Figure 17. A-L Hadroca bualacauda sp. nov., ovipositor images with specimen localities. A. Valvula 1, narrow apex, Biesiesfontein; B. Valvula 1, wide apex, Biesiesfontein; C. Valvula 3 with valvifer 2, Biesiesfontein; D. Valvula 2 with valvifer 2, Biesiesfontein; E. Valvula 1, sculpture, medially, Biesiesfontein; F. Valvula 1, sculpture, apically, Biesiesfontein; G. Valvula 3, apically, Biesiesfontein; H. Valvifer 1, Biesiesfontein; I. Valvifer 2, Biesiesfontein; J. Valvifer 2, Biesiesfontein; K. Valvifer 2, sculpture, Biesiesfontein; L. Valvula 1, sculpture, subapically, Biesiesfontein. A-L . Scale bars: 100 µm . Figure 18. A-S Hadroca bualacauda sp. nov., male and female terminalia, line drawings with specimen localities. A. Genital capsule, dorsally, Hermon; B. Genital capsule, laterally, Hermon; C. Subgenital plate, Hermon; D. Subgenital plate, Dwarsrivier; E. Aedeagus, laterally, Piketberg; F. Aedeagus, laterally, Faure; G. Aedeagus, dorsally, Faure; H. Aedeagus, posteriorly, Dwarsrivier; I. Aedeagus, apex, posteriorly, Dwarsrivier; J. Styles and connective, anteriorly, Dwarsrivier; K. Style, dorsally, Cape Flats; L. Style, laterally, Biesiesfontein; M. Connective, Wolseley; N. Connective, Tulbagh; O. Sternite VII, Biesiesfontein; P. Sternite VII, Garies; Q. Hind wing, female, Biesiesfontein; R. Hind wing, male, Biesiesfontein; S. Tegmina, female, Biesiesfontein. Connective . Longer than wide, stem longer or shorter than arms (length stem/length arms 1.0-1.5), length greatest/width greatest 2.0-2.7 (Fig. 18M, N ). Subgenital plate . Lateral margin concave, apex narrow, variably elongated, densely rugulose; length/width 1.3-1.9, 4-8 macrosetae, length 44-183 µm ; angle at apex of subgenital plate, by trigonometry 29-37° (Fig. 18C, D ). Connective lobe . In lateral view longer than greatest width (length/width 1.1-1.4), posterior margin rounded. Macrosetae 44-178 µm long (Fig. 18B ). Female. Sternite VII . Rectangular, with short, narrow ligula (length/width 0.2-0.6), recessed in deep or shallow, wide, V-shaped posterior margin (Figs 15F , 18O, P ). Posterior margin slightly recessed (lateral length/medial length 1.1-1.2), transversely rectangular (length/width 0.4-0.5), posterior margin with wide recess (notch width/sternite VII greatest width 0.6-0.7). Valvula 3 . Whole part in Fig. 17C . Macrosetae length 22-38 µm , 1-2 irregular rows (Figs 16D , 17G ). Valvula 2 . Whole part in Fig. 17D . Distally serrate (Fig. 16C, F, G ), base sclerotized, desclerotized area medially between apex and base. Valvula 1 . Whole part in Fig. 17A, B . Sculpture apically granulose (Fig. 17F ) and basally strigate (Figs 16A, B , 17E, L ). Valvifer 2 . Length/width 2.5-2.9, sculpture small triangular scales (Figs 16J, K , 17I-K ). Valvifer 1 . Length/width 1.8-2.2, distal margin blunt (Figs 16E, H, I , 17H ). Material examined. Type locality. Holotype male. South Africa , Northern Cape province , Biesiesfontein Farm south Springbok , -29.75, 17.93, 29 Sep.-3 Oct. 2002, 710 m , M. Stiller leg., sweeping, Pteronia divariculata , Asteraceae , CCDL18292, SANC. Type specimen. Holotype male, glued to triangle card, pinned, with genitalia in microvial pinned to specimen. Original label "South Africa | Northern Cape | Province | Biesiesfontein | Farm S Springbok | 29°45ʹS, 17°56ʹE | 29.ix.-3.x.2002 | 710 m M. Stiller | swept off | Pteronia | Pteronia divariculata | Asteraceae | SANC - Pretoria | Database No. | CCDL18292". Paratypes . 59♂♂, 84♀♀, 39 nymphs, 183 total specimens. Remarks. This species was larger than the other species of Hadroca , and with an acuminate extension at the posterior margin of the tegmina. Hadroca alacaudella sp. nov. also had a similar extension of the tegmina, but was much narrower and shorter. Differences are elucidated under the remarks section of H. alacaudella sp. nov. Variability in the aedeagus of H. bualacauda sp. nov. was confined to the degree of taper of the shaft in lateral view, and generally appeared to be thicker than in other species of Hadroca . The subgenital plate was more variable in the length of the apex, as in Fig. 18C, D . The depth of the notch in the female sternite was variable, as in Fig. 18O, P . The acuminate extension of the tegmina had more cross veins (Fig. 18S ) than in H. alacaudella sp. nov. (Fig. 23P ). Point distribution and potential natural distribution are in Fig. 26D . Twenty two records were without an associated plant, and 17 records had the following plant associations (family, genus, species): Anacardiaceae , Searsia undulata ; Asteraceae : Berkheya canescens , Dimorphotheca cuneata , Eriocephalus africanus , E. punctulatus , E. racemosus , E. umbellulatus , Euryops multifudus , Gorteria personata , Pentzia sp., Pteronia divariculata ; Aizoaceae , Galenia africana ; Ebenaceae , Diospyros ramulosa ; Fabaceae , Wiborgia mucronata Menispermaceae , Antizoma miersiana . However, the only record with some adults and numerous nymphs was on Dimorphotheca cuneata which is widely distributed in drier parts of southern Africa (https//posa.sanbi.org.Explore, accessed 16 Jun. 2022).