A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) Author Zahniser, James N. C44D6E44-FA1C-4B29-B7BB-FAF5940CD225 Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 44 D 6 E 44 - FA 1 C- 4 B 29 - B 7 BB-FAF 5940 CD 225 & corresponding author e-mail: zahniser @ illinois. edu Author Dietrich, Chris H. 82FCB86C-54B4-456A-AE5E-D7847D271CB9 Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 82 FCB 86 C- 54 B 4 - 456 A-AE 5 E-D 7847 D 271 CB 9 text European Journal of Taxonomy 2013 2013-05-29 45 1 211 journal article 22221 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2013.45 a66592b8-63a8-4c2d-9471-e58ddb2c0559 2118-9773 3822710 41B10E4D-7DAB-40CA-A8FE-4ECA078E04A3 Deltocephalini Dallas, 1870 Fig. 17 Type genus: Deltocephalus Burmeister, 1838 . Diagnosis Deltocephalini are small to medium sized leafhoppers and are variable in color. They can be identified by the tapering or parallel-sided clypellus, narrow lorum, linear connective with anterior arms closely appressed, connective fused to the aedeagus, and first valvula dorsal sculpturing imbricate. Description HEAD. Head subequal to or wider than pronotum. Discal portion of crown glabrous with radial or longitudinal striae or shagreen.Anterior margin of head shagreen, rounded or angled to face.Frontoclypeus not tumid; texture shagreen. Clypellus parallel-sided or tapering apically; apex following or slightly surpassing normal curve of gena. Lorum distinctly narrower than clypellus near base. Antennal bases near middle or posteroventral (lower) corners of eyes. Antennae short, less than 1.5 x width of head. Gena obtusely incised laterally; with fine erect seta beside laterofrontal suture. Antennal ledge absent. Ocelli present; close to eyes; on anterior margin of head. THORAX. Pronotum lateral margin not carinate; lateral margin shorter than basal width of eye. WINGS. Forewing brachypterous to macropterous; appendix absent, reduced, or present and restricted to anal margin; with 3 anteapical cells; veins not raised; without reflexed costal veins; A1-A2 crossvein usually absent. LEGS. Profemur with AM 1 seta only; intercalary row with one row of five or more fine setae; row AV with short, stout setae. Protibia dorsal surface rounded, convex. Metafemur apex macrosetae 2+2+1. Metatarsomere I not expanded apically; plantar setae simple, tapered. MALE GENITALIA. Valve articulated with pygofer or rarely fused to subgenital plates ( Miradeltaphus , Yuanamia ); lateral margin short, articulating with pygofer at a point. Pygofer basolateral membranous cleft present; macrosetae well differentiated into several rows. Subgenital plates free from each other; articulated with valve or rarely fused to each other ( Miradeltaphus , Yuanamia ); macrosetae uniseriate laterally. Style broadly bilobed basally, median anterior lobe pronounced. Basal processes of the aedeagus/connective absent or reduced or present, connected or articulated to connective or near base of aedeagus. Aedeagus with single shaft and gonopore. Connective anterior arms closely appressed anteriorly, linear-shaped; fused to aedeagus. FEMALE GENITALIA. Pygofer with numerous macrosetae. Ovipositor not protruding far beyond pygofer apex. First valvula convex or not strongly convex; dorsal sculpturing pattern imbricate (with overlapping scales); sculpturing reaching dorsal margin; without distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing. Second valvula broad, gradually tapered; without dorsal median tooth; dorsal teeth on apical 1/3 or more; teeth small, regularly or irregularly shaped. Fig. 17. Deltocephalini . Deltocephalus pulicaris (Fallén, 1806) . A–I . Standard views (see Material & Methods). G . Connective and style shown with aedeagus fused to connective. H . Aedeagus shown with connective and style. Geography and ecology Distribution: cosmopolitan. Deltocephalini feed on grasses and sedges and are diverse and abundant in grassland ecosystems. Several species are economically important as vectors of disease agents. Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes, 1885) , Maiestas dorsalis (Motschulsky, 1859) and Endria inimica (Say, 1830) are vectors of pathogens of maize, rice, and wheat, respectively. Remarks Deltocephalini contains 68 genera and 587 species. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses to date suggest that it is monophyletic and closely related to Paralimnini , but further taxon sampling in these large tribes and more data are needed. The two tribes together appear to be related to Tetartostylini which also possesses the tapered clypellus and linear connective. Many genera and species of Deltocephalini are morphologically quite similar to each other, and some genera, e.g., Amplicephalus and Polyamia , are probably artificial. Revisions of many genera and identification keys, especially of the Neotropical fauna, are needed. As presently defined, the tribe encompasses the “ Deltocephalus -group” of genera recognized by Fang et al. (1993 , 1995) and Webb & Viraktamath (2009) , but is considerably narrower than the concepts of Deltocephalini employed by Oman (1949) and Linnavuori (1959) . Selected references Oman (1949) , Linnavuori (1959) , Fang et al. (1993 , 1995), Blocker et al. (1995), Dmitriev (2004b) , Webb & Viraktamath (2009) . Included genera Afrosus Linnavuori, 1959 Alobaldia Emeljanov, 1972 Alodeltocephalus Evans, 1966 Amblysellus Sleesman, 1929 Amplicephalus DeLong, 1926 Arundanus DeLong, 1935 Bolarga Oman, 1938 Bolivaia Linnavuori & DeLong, 1979 Cabrellus Emeljanov, 1964 Cabrulus Oman, 1949 Crumbana Oman, 1949 Cruziella Linnavuori & DeLong, 1979 Ctenurellina McKamey, 2003 Daltonia Oman, 1949 Deltanus Oman, 1949 Deltazotus Kramer, 1971 Deltella Oman, 1949 Deltocephalus Burmeister, 1838 Destria Oman, 1949 Endria Oman, 1949 Fusanus Linnavuori, 1955 Graminella DeLong, 1936 Haldorus Oman, 1938 Heidinus Theron, 1988 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Deltocephalinae ) Horouta Knight, 1975 Kanorba Oman, 1938 Kansendria Kramer, 1971 Limpica Cheng, 1980 Lonatura Osborn & Ball, 1898 Lorellana DeLong & Kolbe, 1975 Loreta Linnavuori, 1959 Lusitanocephalus Quartau, 1970 Maiestas Distant, 1917 Maricaona Caldwell, 1952 Matsumuratettix Metcalf, 1952 Mattogrossus Linnavuori, 1959 Mendozellus Linnavuori, 1959 Mexara Oman, 1949 Miradeltaphus Dash & Viraktamath, 1995 Neodeltocephalus Linnavuori, 1959 Nullamia DeLong, 1970 Ochromelanus Stiller, 2011 Onura Oman, 1938 Paramesodes Ishihara, 1953 Parandanus Linnavuori & DeLong, 1976 Parayuanamia Xing & Li, 2011 Peitouellus Vilbaste, 1969 Picchuia Linnavuori & DeLong, 1979 Planicephalus Linnavuori, 1954 Polyamia DeLong, 1926 Ragia Theron, 1973 Recilia Edwards, 1922 Reventazonia Linnavuori, 1959 Sanctanus Ball, 1932 Sanluisia Linnavuori, 1959 Spathifer Linnavuori, 1955 Tetramelasma Stiller, 2011 Theronus Stiller, 2009 Tideltellus Kramer, 1971 Toldoanus Linnavuori, 1954 Tumupasa Linnavuori, 1959 Unerus DeLong, 1936 Unoka Lawson, 1928 Vicosa Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 Wakaya Linnavuori, 1960 Warlucephala Fletcher, 2006 Wyushinamia Zhang & Duan, 2006 Yuanamia Zhang & Duan, 2006