The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview Author Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando Author McCANN, Linda D. Author Keppel, Erica Author Ruiz, Gregory M. text European Journal of Taxonomy 2017 2017-08-17 344 1 76 journal article 22022 10.5852/ejt.2017.344 0e3a88b1-bb05-4a78-b1a5-d99c8995df45 2118-9773 3834679 27AA4538-407D-470A-8141-365124193D85 Salmacina tribranchiata ( Moore, 1923 ) Figs 7J , 10 Filograna tribranchiata Moore, 1923: 250–251 ( type locality: off Santa Rosa Island, California , United States ; 69–82 m ; small mass of tubes on mixed bottom (mud, sand and rocks)). Salmacina dysteri ( non Huxley 1855 ) – Steinbeck & Ricketts 1941: 367 (Gulf of California : Los Angeles Bay, Baja California , and San Francisquito Island, Baja California Sur ; encrusting on rocks). Salmacina dysteri tribranchiata – Monro 1933: 1090 –1091, textfig. 31 (Tagus Cove, Isabela (Albemarle) Island , Galápagos; from a marine garden sheltered from the sun by an overhanging rock). — Berkeley & Berkeley 1941: 56 (Corona del Mar, Monterey Bay and Santa Cruz Island, California; 9–31 m ). Salmacina tribranchiata – Rioja 1941b: 738 –739, pl. 9, figs 11–14 (La Aguada Beach, Acapulco, Guerrero , southern Mexican Pacific; on the sabellariid Idanthyrsus johnstoni McIntosh, 1885 , now Idanthyrsus luciae (Rochebrune, 1882) , colonies). — Hartman 1969: 771 –772, figs 1–6 (central and southern California ; intertidal to shelf depths; mixed bottoms). — Nogueira & ten Hove 2000: 158 – 159, Tables 1–2 (discussion). — Bastida-Zavala 2008: 43 , fig. 10H–J ( Alaska , California , Hawaii and Mexican Pacific: Sinaloa and Oaxaca ; intertidal to 116m ).— Carlton &Eldredge2009:62 –63( Hawaii ; invasion history); 2015: 34 ( Hawaii ; introduction confirmed). — Bastida-Zavala et al. 2016: 433 – 434, figs 8, 12E–F (Mexican Pacific: Baja California , Baja California Sur and Oaxaca ; intertidal to 1 m ; in marinas and harbors, fouling). Filograna implexa ( non Berkeley 1835 ) – Kudenov 1980: 122 ( Sonora coast, Gulf of California ). — Kerstitch & Bertsch 2007: 38 , fig. 63 (field guide of the Gulf of California ; 46 m ). Material examined 212 specimens : ST (6) Aug. 2001 , MI (1) Jul. 2013 , SD (205) Aug. 2000 and Jul. 2013 . Additional material More than 12 specimens : MBL-SD s.n., 2 specimens (approx. 32°40' N , 117°25' W , off San Diego, RV, sta. E–9 and E–14, 3 Oct. 1996 and 15 Jul. 2003 , 116 m and 98 m ); SERC- 233687, one specimen (Galapagos, photographed in vivo, by Erica Keppel, 1 May 2016 , coll. SERC ); UMAR-Poly 94, colony ( Hawaii inter-island cargo barge, HF–023, hull fouling community roughly two years old; barge only operates in Hawaii , coll. S. Godwin). Diagnosis This species is gregarious and can form colonies. Tube white, thin, with transverse ridges; without peristomes, longitudinal ridges or alveoli. Branchial crown with 3–4 radioles in each lobe ( Fig. 7J ). Without opercular peduncle or operculum. Collar with fin-and-blade chaetae, with 3–5 big teeth. Thorax with seven segments; all thoracic chaetigers (except collar segment) with “ Apomatus ” chaetae. Taxonomic remarks Salmacina tribranchiata was the first species of the genus described from the eastern Pacific and as is the case for S. huxleyi , this name is preferred in the region until the status of species in this genus is clarified with SEM and/or molecular studies ( Nogueira & ten Hove 2000 ; Ben-Eliahu & ten Hove 2011 ). Ecology Intertidal to 116 m ( Bastida-Zavala 2008 ). On mixed bottoms, on rocks, on the sabellariid Idanthyrsus luciae , and as fouling of pier pilings ( Bastida-Zavala et al. 2016 ). Distribution Northeastern Pacific, from Alaska to Gulf of California , Hawaii , southern Mexican Pacific and Galápagos Islands ( Bastida-Zavala 2008 ). In this work, Salmacina tribranchiata was found abundantly and frequently on fouling plates from San Diego, southern California , and occasionaly from Sitka Bay, Alaska , and Mission Bay, southern California ( Fig. 10 ).