The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview Author Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando Author McCANN, Linda D. Author Keppel, Erica Author Ruiz, Gregory M. text European Journal of Taxonomy 2017 2017-08-17 344 1 76 journal article 22022 10.5852/ejt.2017.344 0e3a88b1-bb05-4a78-b1a5-d99c8995df45 2118-9773 3834679 27AA4538-407D-470A-8141-365124193D85 Hydroides bispinosa Bush, 1910 Figs 4A , 5 Hydroides bispinosa Bush, 1910: 496 ( type locality: Bermuda , western Atlantic). Hydroides crucigera ( non Mörch 1863 ) – Rioja 1958: 250 –251 (Verde Island and Santiaguillo Island, Veracruz , eastern Mexico ; on coral and mollusk shells). — Day 1973: 132 (Cape Hatteras and Beaufort, North Carolina; intertidal to 18 m ). Hydroides bispinosus – Díaz 1994: 618 ( Barbados ; settlement and succession experiments; 10 m ; coral plates, on Montastrea annularis , now Orbicella annularis (Ellis & Solander, 1786)) . — Perkins 1998: 95 (checklist of shallow-water polychaetes from Florida). — Bastida-Zavala & Salazar-Vallejo 2000b: 844 , fig. 1b–l (La Habana, Cuba , and eastern Mexico : Champotón, Campeche ; Ría Lagartos and San Felipe, Yucatán ; Contoy Island, Nichupté Lagoon and Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo ; intertidal to 4 m , on seagrass, algae, sponges, rocks, wood dock pilings). — Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002: 125 –127, figs 11A–I, 15 ( Bermuda , Florida, Aruba and eastern Mexico : Campeche and Quintana Roo ; 1–15 m , on pagurid carapace, rocks, wooden pier and coral debris). Hydroides bispinosa – Wells & Gray 1964: 74 ( Cape Hatteras, North Carolina ; hard substrates). — ten Hove & Wolf 1984: 55-18 –55-21, figs 55-13, 55-14a–m (western Florida ; 19–43 m , coarse to silty sand). Hydroides sanctaecrucis ( non Krøyer in Mörch 1863 ) – Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2001: 11 , 13–14, figs 2a–f, 3g–l (Cariaco Gulf, Venezuela ; on PVC dock pilings; description and figure). Material examined Eight specimens: BB (8) Aug. 2004 . Diagnosis Tube white; with two longitudinal ridges; without peristomes, transverse ridges or alveoli. Opercular peduncle smooth, white. Operculum funnel with 12–19 radii with blunt tips ( Fig. 4A ); verticil with 7–10 spines, curving abruptly inwards, almost geniculate, tip of spines pointed; dorsal spines somewhat longer; all spines with basal internal spinule and two lateral spinules in middle position, without external spinules, wings or central tooth ( Fig. 4A ). Special collar chaetae with two pointed-elongate teeth and distal blade with small teeth. Taxonomic remarks Rioja (1958) recorded Hydroides crucigera Mörch, 1863 from Veracruz , eastern Mexico , a species similar to H. bispinosa because of the presence of two lateral spinules in the verticil spines ( Fig. 4A ). However, from their brief description it is possible to deduce by the small number of funnel radii (14) that the specimen corresponds to H. bispinosa rather than to H. crucigera . Hydroides bispinosa is frequently associated with calcareous substrates and occasionally found on PVC substrates ( Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2001 ). Weisbord (1964: 156) collected an empty tube from northern Venezuela , as H. aff. bispinosa , but identification to species with only the tube, in the genus Hydroides is doubtful. Ecology Intertidal to sublittoral ( 43 m , ten Hove & Wolf 1984). In tropical and subtropical marine areas, on coral, mollusk shells, seagrass, algae, sponges, rocks and artificial substrates ( Rioja 1958 ; Díaz 1994 ; Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2001 ; Bastida-Zavala & Salazar-Vallejo 2000b ; Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002 ). Distribution Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and eastern United States . In this work, Hydroides bispinosa was occasionally found on fouling plates from Biscayne Bay, Florida ( Fig. 5 ).