Holoparasitic Orobanchaceae in Georgia (Caucasus): taxonomic revision, diversity, distribution, habitats and host range Author Piwowarczyk, Renata 0000-0003-0507-7835 * Center for Research and Conservation of Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 7 Uniwersytecka St., 25 - 406 Kielce, Poland; renata. piwowarczyk @ ujk. edu. pl; renka 76 @ wp. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0507 - 7835 renata.piwowarczyk@ujk.edu.pl Author Pedraja, Óscar Sánchez 0000-0002-4383-4588 E- 39722 Liérganes (Cantabria), Spain; osanchez @ farmalierganes. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4383 - 4588 osanchez@farmalierganes.com Author Khutsishvili, Manana 0000-0002-7404-9574 National Herbarium of Georgia, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia; mananakhuts @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7404 - 9574 mananakhuts@yahoo.com Author Kharazishvili, Davit 0000-0003-0507-7835 * Center for Research and Conservation of Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 7 Uniwersytecka St., 25 - 406 Kielce, Poland; renata. piwowarczyk @ ujk. edu. pl; renka 76 @ wp. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0507 - 7835 & Batumi Botanical Garden, 6411, Batumi, Mtsvane Kontskhi, Georgia; davit. kharazishvili @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9254 - 9954 * author for correspondence & * Center for Research and Conservation of Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 7 Uniwersytecka St., 25 - 406 Kielce, Poland; renata. piwowarczyk @ ujk. edu. pl; renka 76 @ wp. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0507 - 7835 renata.piwowarczyk@ujk.edu.pl text Phytotaxa 2023 2023-07-24 604 1 1 103 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.604.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.604.1.1 1179-3163 8181674 4. Phelipanche arenaria (Borkh.) Pomel (1874: 103) . Type:— GERMANY ( neotype designated by Uhlich & Gregor 2017: 38 ): Flora des Grossherz, Hessen , Sandfelder bei Arheilgen unweit Darmstadt. Auf Artemisia camp ., VI. 1884 , M. D¸rer (FR110886!). Basionym:— Orobanche arenaria Borkhausen (1794: 6) . Homotypic synonym:— Phelypaea arenaria (Borkh.) Walpers (1844: 459) . Heterotypic synonyms:— Orobanche laevis Linnaeus (1753: 632) , nom. rej. [ambiguous name]; Orobanche comosa Wallroth (1822: 314) . Fig. 12 . General distribution: —From northwest Africa ( Algeria and Morocco ), Europe to the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Central Asia ( Kazakhstan , northeast of the Caspian Sea). Distribution: —Single localities in the southern part, Samtskhe-Javakheti (more numerous populations on the rocky slopes of the Mtkvari river valley) and Kakheti provinces ( Fig. 13 ). Habitat: —Rocky, loamy, sandy slopes, steppe, roadsides, usually 700–1300 m . Hosts: — Artemisia sp. ( Asteraceae ), e.g., A. lerchiana Stechm. (probably a new species of host for it ( Sánchez Pedraja et al. 2016 +)). Phenology: —Flowering June–July, fruiting July–August. Conservation status: —Vulnerable (VU) – B1 ab(iii) + 2 ab(iii). EOO is less than 2000 km 2 , existing in only two provinces; AOO is less than 100 km 2 , severely fragmented, existing at fewer than 10 localities. Limiting factors are restricted loss/degradation of habitats, especially overgrowth, overgrazing, landslides, as wells as individuals at subpopulations not being numerous, usually only a few plants. Specimens examined: — GEORGIA . Kakheti prov. : Davit Gareja steppes, near monastery, rocky steppe, 25 May 2014 , R. Piwowarczyk ( KTC ); Davit Gareja , on Artemisia , 15 June 2019 , G. Łazarski (phot.); Davit Gareja Monastery , 8 June 2019 , 41°26’51.0”N 45°22’32.9”E , F. Riegel [phot., https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/28047963] ; Samtskhe-Javakheti prov. : rocky slopes and roadsides near the rocky town of Vardzia , 41°22’41”N , 43°16’56”E , 1250 m , 3 June 2014 , R. Piwowarczyk ( KTC ); between Rustavi and Idumala , rocky grasslands, slopes of the river Mtkvari , 41°36’20”N , 43°08’29”E , 1060 m , 3 June 2014 , R. Piwowarczyk ( KTC ); Akhaltsikhe distr. , between Minadze and Rustavi , 41°36’35.6”N , 43°05’24.2”E , 16 June 2019 , F. Riegel [phot., https://www.inaturalist. org/observations/29792504]; between Likani and Chitakhevi , roadside, rocky slope of the Mtkvari (Kura) river , 41°48’28.4”N , 43°19’47.0”E , 41°47’55.2”N , 43°18’44.2”E , 41°47’47.5”N , 43°18’18.0”E , 840–850 m , 16 June 2022 , R. Piwowarczyk (phot.) .