Order Chiroptera - Family Vespertilionidae Author Wilson, Don E. Author Reeder, DeeAnn text 2005 The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1 451 529 book chapter 0-8018-8221-4 10.5281/zenodo.7316519 Myotis Kaup 1829 Myotis Kaup 1829 , Skizz. Entwickel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt, Vol. 1: 106 . Type Species: Vespertilio myotis Borkhausen 1797 Synonyms: Aeorestes Fitzinger 1870 ; Anamygdon Troughton 1929 ; Brachyotis Kolenati 1856 ; Capaccinus Bonaparte 1841 ; Chrysopteron Jentink 1910 ; Comastes Fitzinger 1870 ; Dichromyotis Bianchi 1916 ; Euvespertilio Acloque 1899 ; Exochurus Fitzinger 1870 ; Hesperomyotis Cabrera 1958 ; Isotus Kolenate 1856 ; Leuconoe Boie 1830 ; Megapipistrellus Bianchi 1917 ; Nyctactes Kaup 1829 ; Paramyotis Bianchi 1916 ; Pizonyx Miller 1906 ; Pternopterus Peters 1867 ; Rickettia Bianchi 1916 ; Selysius Bonaparte 1841 ; Tralatitus Gervais 1849 ; Trilatitus Gray 1842 . Species and subspecies: 103 species with 137 subspecies: Species Myotis abei Yoshikura 1944 Species Myotis adversus (Horsfield 1824) Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. adversus Horsfield 1824 Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. carimatae Miller 1906 Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. orientis Hill 1983 Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. taiwanensis Ärnbäck-Christie Linde 1908 Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. tanimbarensis Kitchener 1995 Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. wetarensis Kitchener 1995 Species Myotis aelleni Baud 1979 Species Myotis albescens (E. Geoffroy 1806) Species Myotis alcathoe von Helversen and Heller 2001 Species Myotis altarium Thomas 1911 Species Myotis anjouanensis Dorst 1960 Species Myotis annamiticus Kruskop and Tsytsulina 2001 Species Myotis annectans Dobson 1871 Species Myotis atacamensis Lataste 1892 Species Myotis ater Peters 1866 Subspecies Myotis ater subsp. ater Peters 1866 Subspecies Myotis ater subsp. nugax Allen and Coolidge 1940 Species Myotis auriculus Baker and Stains 1955 Subspecies Myotis auriculus subsp. auriculus Baker and Stains 1955 Subspecies Myotis auriculus subsp. apache Hoffmeister and Krutzsch 1955 Species Myotis australis Dobson 1878 Species Myotis austroriparius Rhoads 1897 Species Myotis bechsteinii (Kuhl 1817) Species Myotis blythii Tomes 1857 Subspecies Myotis blythii subsp. blythii Tomes 1857 Subspecies Myotis blythii subsp. ancilla Thomas 1910 Subspecies Myotis blythii subsp. lesviacus Iliopoulou 1984 Subspecies Myotis blythii subsp. omari Thomas 1906 Species Myotis bocagii Peters 1870 Subspecies Myotis bocagii subsp. bocagii Peters 1870 Subspecies Myotis bocagii subsp. cupreolus Thomas 1904 Subspecies Myotis bocagii subsp. dogalensis Monticelli 1887 Species Myotis bombinus Thomas 1905 Subspecies Myotis bombinus subsp. bombinus Thomas 1905 Subspecies Myotis bombinus subsp. amurensis Ognev 1927 Species Myotis brandtii Eversmann 1845 Subspecies Myotis brandtii subsp. brandtii Eversmann 1845 Subspecies Myotis brandtii subsp. gracilis Ognev 1927 Species Myotis bucharensis Kuzyakin 1950 Species Myotis californicus Audubon and Bachman 1842 Subspecies Myotis californicus subsp. californicus Audubon and Bachman 1842 Subspecies Myotis californicus subsp. caurinus Miller 1897 Subspecies Myotis californicus subsp. mexicanus Saussure 1860 Subspecies Myotis californicus subsp. stephensi Dalquest 1946 Species Myotis capaccinii Bonaparte 1837 Species Myotis chiloensis Waterhouse 1840 Species Myotis chinensis Tomes 1857 Species Myotis ciliolabrum Merriam 1886 Species Myotis cobanensis Goodwin 1955 Species Myotis csorbai Topál 1997 Species Myotis dasycneme (Boie 1825) Species Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl 1817) Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. daubentonii Kuhl 1817 Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. chasanensis Tiunov 1997 Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. loukashkini Shamel 1942 Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. nathalinae Tupinier 1977 Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. petax Hollister 1912 Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. ussuriensis Ognev 1927 Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. volgensis Eversmann 1840 Species Myotis davidii Peters 1869 Species Myotis dominicensis Miller 1902 Species Myotis elegans Hall 1962 Species Myotis emarginatus (E. Geoffroy 1806) Subspecies Myotis emarginatus subsp. emarginatus E. Geoffroy 1806 Subspecies Myotis emarginatus subsp. desertorum Dobson 1875 Subspecies Myotis emarginatus subsp. turcomanicus Bobrinskii 1925 Species Myotis evotis H. Allen 1864 Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. evotis H. Allen 1864 Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. chrysonotus J. A. Allen 1896 Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. jonesorum Manning 1993 Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. micronyx Nelson and Goldman 1909 Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. milleri Elliot 1903 Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. pacificus Dalquest 1943 Species Myotis fimbriatus Peters 1870 Species Myotis findleyi Bogan 1978 Species Myotis formosus Hodgson 1835 Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. formosus Hodgson 1835 Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. bartelsi Jentink 1910 Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. rufoniger Tomes 1858 Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. rufopictus Waterhouse 1845 Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. tsuensis Kuroda 1922 Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. watasei Kishida 1924 Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. weberi Jentink 1890 Species Myotis fortidens Miller and Allen 1928 Subspecies Myotis fortidens subsp. fortidens Miller and Allen 1928 Subspecies Myotis fortidens subsp. sonoriensis Findley and Jones 1967 Species Myotis frater G. M. Allen 1923 Subspecies Myotis frater subsp. frater G. M. Allen 1923 Subspecies Myotis frater subsp. eniseensis Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001 Subspecies Myotis frater subsp. kaguyae Imaizumi 1956 Subspecies Myotis frater subsp. longicaudatus Ognev 1927 Species Myotis gomantongensis Francis and Hill 1998 Species Myotis goudoti A. Smith 1834 Species Myotis grisescens A. H. Howell 1909 Species Myotis hajastanicus Argyropulo 1939 Species Myotis hasseltii Temminck 1840 Subspecies Myotis hasseltii subsp. hasseltii Temminck 1840 Subspecies Myotis hasseltii subsp. abboti Lyon 1916 Subspecies Myotis hasseltii subsp. continentis Shamel 1942 Subspecies Myotis hasseltii subsp. macellus Temminck 1840 Species Myotis hermani Thomas 1923 Species Myotis horsfieldii Temminck 1840 Subspecies Myotis horsfieldii subsp. horsfieldii Temminck 1840 Subspecies Myotis horsfieldii subsp. deignani Shamel 1942 Subspecies Myotis horsfieldii subsp. dryas K. Andersen 1907 Subspecies Myotis horsfieldii subsp. jeannei Taylor 1934 Subspecies Myotis horsfieldii subsp. peshwa Thomas 1915 Species Myotis hosonoi Imaizumi 1954 Species Myotis ikonnikovi Ognev 1912 Species Myotis insularum Dobson 1878 Species Myotis keaysi J. A. Allen 1914 Subspecies Myotis keaysi subsp. keaysi J. A. Allen 1914 Subspecies Myotis keaysi subsp. pilosotibialis LaVal 1973 Species Myotis keenii Merriam 1895 Species Myotis laniger Peters 1870 Species Myotis leibii Audubon and Bachman 1842 Species Myotis levis (I. Geoffroy 1824) Subspecies Myotis levis subsp. levis I. Geoffroy 1824 Subspecies Myotis levis subsp. dinellii I Geoffroy 1824 Species Myotis longipes Dobson 1873 Species Myotis lucifugus Le Conte 1831 Subspecies Myotis lucifugus subsp. lucifugus Le Conte 1831 Subspecies Myotis lucifugus subsp. alascensis Miller 1897 Subspecies Myotis lucifugus subsp. carissima Thomas 1904 Subspecies Myotis lucifugus subsp. pernox Hollister 1911 Subspecies Myotis lucifugus subsp. relictus Harris 1974 Species Myotis macrodactylus Temminck 1840 Subspecies Myotis macrodactylus subsp. macrodactylus Temminck 1840 Subspecies Myotis macrodactylus subsp. continentalis Tiunov 1997 Subspecies Myotis macrodactylus subsp. insularis Tiunov 1997 Species Myotis macropus Gould 1854 Species Myotis macrotarsus Waterhouse 1845 Subspecies Myotis macrotarsus subsp. macrotarsus Waterhouse 1845 Subspecies Myotis macrotarsus subsp. saba Davis 1962 Species Myotis martiniquensis LaVal 1973 Subspecies Myotis martiniquensis subsp. martiniquensis LaVal 1973 Subspecies Myotis martiniquensis subsp. nyctor LaVal and Schwartz 1975 Species Myotis melanorhinus Merriam 1890 Species Myotis moluccarum Thomas 1915 Subspecies Myotis moluccarum subsp. moluccarum Thomas 1915 Subspecies Myotis moluccarum subsp. richardsi Kitchener 1995 Subspecies Myotis moluccarum subsp. solomonis Troughton 1929 Species Myotis montivagus Dobson 1874 Subspecies Myotis montivagus subsp. montivagus Dobson 1874 Subspecies Myotis montivagus subsp. borneoensis Hill and Francis 1984 Subspecies Myotis montivagus subsp. federatus Thomas 1916 Subspecies Myotis montivagus subsp. peytoni Wroughton and Ryley 1913 Species Myotis morrisi Hill 1971 Species Myotis muricola Gray 1846 Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. muricola Gray 1846 Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. browni Taylor 1934 Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. caliginosus Tomes 1859 Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. herrei Taylor 1934 Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. latirostris Kishida 1932 Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. moupinensis Milne-Edwards 1872 Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. niasensis Lyon 1916 Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. patriciae Taylor 1934 Species Myotis myotis (Borkhausen 1797) Subspecies Myotis myotis subsp. myotis Borkhausen 1797 Subspecies Myotis myotis subsp. macrocephalicus Harrison and Lewis 1961 Species Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl 1817) Subspecies Myotis mystacinus subsp. mystacinus Kuhl 1817 Subspecies Myotis mystacinus subsp. caucasicus Tsytsulina 2000 Subspecies Myotis mystacinus subsp. occidentalis Benda 2000 Species Myotis nattereri (Kuhl 1817) Subspecies Myotis nattereri subsp. nattereri Kuhl 1817 Subspecies Myotis nattereri subsp. tschuliensis Kuzyakin 1935 Species Myotis nesopolus Miller 1900 Subspecies Myotis nesopolus subsp. nesopolus Miller 1900 Subspecies Myotis nesopolus subsp. larensis LaVal 1973 Species Myotis nigricans (Schinz 1821) Subspecies Myotis nigricans subsp. nigricans Schinz 1821 Subspecies Myotis nigricans subsp. carteri LaVal 1973 Subspecies Myotis nigricans subsp. extremus Miller and Allen 1928 Subspecies Myotis nigricans subsp. osculatii Cornalia 1849 Species Myotis nipalensis Dobson 1871 Subspecies Myotis nipalensis subsp. nipalensis Dobson 1871 Subspecies Myotis nipalensis subsp. przewalskii Bobrinski 1926 Subspecies Myotis nipalensis subsp. transcaspicus Ognev and Heptner 1928 Species Myotis occultus Hollister 1909 Species Myotis oreias Temminck 1840 Species Myotis oxygnathus Monticelli 1885 Species Myotis oxyotus Peters 1867 Subspecies Myotis oxyotus subsp. oxyotus Peters 1867 Subspecies Myotis oxyotus subsp. gardneri LaVal 1973 Species Myotis ozensis Imaizumi 1954 Species Myotis peninsularis Miller 1898 Species Myotis pequinius Thomas 1908 Species Myotis planiceps Baker 1955 Species Myotis pruinosus Yoshiyuki 1971 Species Myotis punicus Felten, Spitzenberger, and Storch 1977 Species Myotis ricketti Thomas 1894 Species Myotis ridleyi Thomas 1898 Species Myotis riparius Handley 1960 Species Myotis rosseti Oey 1951 Species Myotis ruber (E. Geoffroy 1806) Species Myotis schaubi Kormos 1934 Subspecies Myotis schaubi subsp. schaubi Kormos 1934 Subspecies Myotis schaubi subsp. araxenus Dahl 1947 Species Myotis scotti Thomas 1927 Species Myotis septentrionalis Trouessart 1897 Species Myotis sicarius Thomas 1915 Species Myotis siligorensis Horsfield 1855 Subspecies Myotis siligorensis subsp. siligorensis Horsfield 1855 Subspecies Myotis siligorensis subsp. alticraniatus Osgood 1932 Subspecies Myotis siligorensis subsp. sowerbyi Howell 1926 Subspecies Myotis siligorensis subsp. thaianus Shamel 1942 Species Myotis simus Thomas 1901 Species Myotis sodalis Miller and Allen 1928 Species Myotis stalkeri Thomas 1910 Species Myotis thysanodes Miller 1897 Subspecies Myotis thysanodes subsp. thysanodes Miller 1897 Subspecies Myotis thysanodes subsp. aztecus Miller and G. M. Allen 1928 Subspecies Myotis thysanodes subsp. pahasapensis Jones and Genoways 1967 Subspecies Myotis thysanodes subsp. vespertinus Manning and Jones 1988 Species Myotis tricolor Temminck 1832 Species Myotis velifer J. A. Allen 1890 Subspecies Myotis velifer subsp. velifer J. A. Allen 1890 Subspecies Myotis velifer subsp. brevis Vaughan 1954 Subspecies Myotis velifer subsp. grandis Hayward 1970 Subspecies Myotis velifer subsp. incautus J. A. Allen 1896 Subspecies Myotis velifer subsp. magnamolaris Choate and Hall 1967 Species Myotis vivesi Menegaux 1901 Species Myotis volans H. Allen 1866 Subspecies Myotis volans subsp. volans H. Allen 1866 Subspecies Myotis volans subsp. amotus Miller 1914 Subspecies Myotis volans subsp. interior Miller 1914 Subspecies Myotis volans subsp. longicrus True 1886 Species Myotis welwitschii Gray 1866 Species Myotis yanbarensis Maeda and Matsumura 1998 Species Myotis yesoensis Yoshiyuki 1984 Species Myotis yumanensis H. Allen 1864 Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. yumanensis H. Allen 1864 Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. lambi Benson 1947 Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. lutosus Miller and G. M. Allen 1928 Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. oxalis Dalquest 1947 Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. saturatus Miller 1897 Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. sociabilis H. W. Grinnell 1914 Discussion: For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972) , Hayman and Hill (1971) , and Phillips and Birney (1968) . Neotropical species revised by LaVal (1973 a ) . Apparently does not include Cistugo ; see Rautenbach et al. (1993) . Hall (1981) provided a key to North and Central American species; Corbet and Hill (1992) gave a key to Indomalayan species; Bates et al. (1999) provided a key to species found in Vietnam and adjoining countries. Also see Topál (1997) and Stormark (1998) . For partial phylogenies see Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ) , Ruedi and Mayer (2001) , and Kawai et al. (2003) . These studies have convincingly demonstrated that the three subgenera of Myotis typically recognized ( Myotis , Leuconoe , and Selysius ) are not monophyletic, but instead represent ecomorphs characterized by convergent morphologies. Menu et al. (2002:320) argued that Leuconoe can be diagnosed as distinct based on dental morphology, and noted that it includes "most of the fossil and living species attribued to Myotis sensu lato within recent accounts and revisions." While this may be true, there is presently no agreement concerning relationships among species previously referred to Myotis , Leuconoe , and Selysius . Accordingly, no subgeneric classification is recognized here, and Leuconoe and Selysius are treated as junior synonyms of Myotis . Woodman (1993) argued that Myotis should be considered feminine in gender (thus requiring changes in the spelling of many specific epithets in Myotis ), but Pritchard (1994) disagreed. Both of these authors appear to have overlooked a 1958 ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature that fixed the gender of Myotis as masculine and placed the name as such on the Offical list of Generic Names in Zoology ( International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1958 a ). I follow this ruling, and thus retain the traditional spellings of specific epithets in combination with Myotis .