Five new species of the spider genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Pholcidae) from China and Thailand Author Zhu, Keli Author Yao, Zhiyuan Author Bai, Xiujuan Author Li, Shuqiang text Zootaxa 2018 2018-02-01 4377 2 235 253 journal article 30865 10.11646/zootaxa.4377.2.5 d959a126-44a7-428d-b4ae-c14268d615a6 1175-5326 1163911 92AB898C-1B08-44C4-98B6-B0C31E8F9F7D Pholcus sakaew Yao & Li sp. nov. FIGS 1–2 Type material. Holotype : MAlE, THAM PHET SAI KAEW CAVE ( 13°24.962'N , 102°19.589'E , ElEVATION 243 M), KlONG HAT SUBDISTRICT, Sakaew , Thailand , 9 NOVEMBER 2016 , H. ZHAO , Y. LI AND Z. CHEN lEG . Paratype : 1 FEMAlE, SAME DATA AS HOlOTYPE . FIGURE 1. Pholcus sakaew Yao & Li sp. nov. , holotype male. A–B. Flipped right pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view, arrow points at dorsal apophysis on femur proximally); C–D. Distal part of flipped right procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrow 1 points at membranous prolateral process, arrow 2 points at prolatero-dorsal spine; D. Dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized prolateral apophysis). a = appendix, b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 (A–B), 0.10 (C–D). FIGURE 2. Pholcus sakaew Yao & Li sp. nov. , holotype male (C–F) and paratype female (A–B, G–H). A. Epigynum, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view; C. Flipped right bulbal apophyses, prolateral view; D. Chelicerae, frontal view; E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). a = appendix, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–C), 0.20 (D), 1.00 (E–H). Etymology. THE SPECIFIC NAME REFERS TO THE TYPE lOCAlITY, AND IS A NOUN IN APPOSITION. Diagnosis. THIS SPECIES CAN BE EASIlY DISTINGUISHED FROM All KNOWN CONGENERS IN THE P. bidentatus SPECIES- GROUP BY THE PRESENCE OF A lONG, MEMBRANOUS PROlATERAl PROCESS DISTAllY (ARROW 1 IN FIG. 1C ) AND A lONG, SClEROTIZED PROlATERAl APOPHYSIS DISTAllY (ARROW IN FIG. 1D ) ON THE PROCURSUS AND BY THE lONG, MEDIAllY CURVED APPENDIX ( FIG. 2C ). Description. Male ( holotype ): TOTAl lENGTH 5.51 (5.64 WITH ClYPEUS), CARAPACE 0.94 lONG, 1.02 WIDE, OPISTHOSOMA 4.47 lONG, 1.44 WIDE. LEG I: – (11.92 + 0.73 + 12.50 + – + –), lEG II: 32.52 (9.29 + 0.69 + 8.44 + 12.50 + 1.60), lEG III: 24.88 (7.69 + 0.65 + 5.83 + 9.49 + 1.22), lEG IV: 30.79 (8.97 + 0.66 + 8.27 + 11.35 + 1.54); TIBIA I L/D: 71. DISTANCE PME-PME 0.81; DIAMETER PME 0.16; DISTANCE PME-ALE 0.06; DISTANCE AME-AME 0.05; DIAMETER AME 0.05. STERNUM WIDER THAN lONG (1.02/0.94). HABITUS AS IN FIGS 2E–F . CARAPACE GREY, WITH NARROW BROWN lINE MEDIAllY; OCUlAR AREA AND ClYPEUS GREY; STERNUM GERY, WITH BROWN MARKS. LEGS YEllOWISH, BUT WHITISH ON DISTAl PARTS OF FEMORA AND TIBIAE, WITHOUT DARKER RINGS. OPISTHOSOMA GREY, WITH BROWN MARKS POSTERIORlY. OCUlAR AREA ElEVATED; EACH EYE TRIAD ON TOP OF A lONG, lATERAllY DIRECTED EYE-STAlK. THORACIC FURROW ABSENT. CHElICERAE AS IN FIG. 2D , WITH A PAIR OF PROXIMO-lATERAl APOPHYSES, A PAIR OF DISTAl APOPHYSES, AND A PAIR OF FRONTAl APOPHYSES. PEDIPAlPS AS IN FIGS 1A–B ; TROCHANTER WITH A lONG RETROlATERO-VENTRAl APOPHYSIS; FEMUR WITH A SMAll DORSAl APOPHYSIS PROXIMAllY (ARROW IN FIG. 1B ) AND AN INDISTINCT VENTRAl PROTUBERANCE; PROCURSUS SIMPlE PROXIMAllY BUT COMPlEX DISTAllY, WITH A lONG, MEMBRANOUS PROlATERAl PROCESS DISTAllY (ARROW 1 IN FIG. 1C ), A lONG, SClEROTIZED PROlATERAl APOPHYSIS DISTAllY (ARROW IN FIG. 1D ), AND A PROlATERO-DORSAl SPINE (ARROW 2 IN FIG. 1C ); UNCUS WITH A SCAlY EDGE; APPENDIX lONG AND CURVED; EMBOlUS WEAKlY SClEROTIZED, WITH SOME TRANSPARENT PROJECTIONS DISTAllY. RETROlATERAl TRICHOBOTHRIUM OF TIBIA I AT 4% PROXIMAllY; lEGS WITH SHORT VERTICAl SETAE ON TIBIAE, METATARSI AND TARSI, WITHOUT SPINES AND CURVED SETAE. Female : SIMIlAR TO MAlE, HABITUS AS IN FIGS 2 G–H . TOTAl lENGTH 5.90 (6.22 WITH ClYPEUS) , CARAPACE 1.41 lONG, 1.66 WIDE, OPISTHOSOMA 4.49 lONG, 2.19 WIDE; lEG I MISSING. DISTANCE PME-PME 0.30; DIAMETER PME 0.18; DISTANCE PME-ALE 0.03; DISTANCE AME-AME 0.04; DIAMETER AME 0.05. STERNUM WIDER THAN lONG (1.06/0.94). CARAPACE YEllOWISH, WITH NARROW BROWN STRIPE AND lARGE lIGHT BROWN MARKS MEDIAllY. OPISTHOSOMA YEllOWISH, WITHOUT SPOTS. OCUlAR AREA WITHOUT EYE-STAlKS. EPIGYNUM ( FIG. 2A ) WITH A KNOB. VUlVA ( FIG. 2B ) WITH A SClEROTIZED ANTERIOR ARCH AND TWO NEARlY EllIPTIC PORE PlATES. Distribution. THAIlAND (SAKAEW, TYPE lOCAlITY; FIG. 12 ). Natural history. THE SPECIES WAS FOUND IN THE APHOTIC ZONE INSIDE THE CAVE.