Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments Author Huber, Bernhard A. 33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany. b.huber@leibniz-lib.de Author Meng, Guanliang 7E8C41F8-77BB-468F-BE9A-D3F1DFCA1E4E Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany. G.Meng@leibniz-lib.de Author Král, Jiří E836F3B5-D704-4EEC-966A-0C4F1FAD324B Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. spider@natur.cuni.cz Author Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M. E3687584-7F64-450D-9492-BE0DD4864AD6 Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. avilai@natur.cuni.cz Author Carvalho, Leonardo S. 28AA7D67-3C9D-495E-8C17-33D35F1A0FAC Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Piauí, Brazil. carvalho@ufpi.edu.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2024 2024-10-18 963 1 169 https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687 2118-9773 13963130 BA331360-A678-4233-A7CC-7308EF8B6D7E Ibotyporanga itatim Huber sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 849EB775-ABC9-47FB-87B7-C77FFB5B4E1E Figs 22C , 25F–G , 32E–F , 42–46 ; SEM Figs 2C , 4C , 7F , 10C , 11B , 13B , 14B , 15E , 16B–C , 17D–E , 18B–C , 19F–G , 21B, D–E Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from most known congeners by shape of procursus ( Fig. 44A–C ; short and simple, distally widened and membranous); from superficially similar species ( I. bariro , I. walekeru sp. nov. ) by strong dorsal process on palpal tarsus (arrow in Fig. 44C ) and by longer legs (tibia 1>1.5, versus <1.1). Females are distinguished from known congeners by trapezoidal epigynum with triangular pocket ( Fig. 45C ; similar in I. xique sp. nov. and I. xakriaba sp. nov. ) and by unique pair of distinct lateral sacs in internal genitalia ( Fig. 46C–H ). Fig. 42. Known geographic distribution of Brazilian species with plesiomorphic short procursus. Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition. Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂ ; W of Itatim ; 12.7162° S , 39.7626° W ; 300 m a.s.l. ; 10 Nov. 2022 ; B.A. Huber and L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5884 . Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂ , 4 ♀♀ , 3 juvs; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5885 • 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31653 • 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9028 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24354 ] • 1 ♂ , 1♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5886 . Other material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂ , 7 ♀♀ , 1 juv. , in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5887 [deposited in ZFMK Br22-148 ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ used for SEM] . Description Male ( holotype ) MEASUREMENTS . Total body length 2.0, carapace width 0.83. Distance PME–PME 70 µm; diameter PME 85 µm; distance PME–ALE 25 µm; distance AME–AME 15 µm; diameter AME 60 µm. Leg 1: 5.93 (1.63+0.33 +1.60 +1.87 + 0.50), tibia 2: 1.33, tibia 3: 1.13, tibia 4: 1.57; tibia 1 L/d: 16; diameters of leg femora 0.19–0.20, of leg tibiae 0.10. Fig. 43. Ibotyporanga itatim Huber sp. nov. , male from Brazil, Bahia, W of Itatim, ZFMK Ar 24354. Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale line: 0.3 mm. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre-yellow, carapace medially with narrow brown mark including ocular area and clypeus; legs with brown rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen gray with many dark internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY . Habitus as in Fig. 25F . Ocular area slightly raised ( Fig. 2C ). Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum slightly wider than long (0.58/0.48), with very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1 (not higher than in female). Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots ( Fig. 4C ); spinnerets as in congeners ( Fig. 7F ). Fig. 44. Ibotyporanga itatim Huber sp. nov. , male from Brazil, Bahia, W of Itatim, ZFMK Ar 24354. A–C . Left tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrow: dorsal process on tarsus). D–F . Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale lines: 0.2 mm. CHELICERAE . As in Fig. 45A–B ; width 0.33; with strong median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files ( Fig. 10C ) very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS . As in Fig. 43 ; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short rounded ventral protrusion; femur proximally with short retrolateral process not directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally only slightly longer than medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with small capsulate tarsal organ ( Fig. 13B ) and strong dorsal process; procursus ( Fig. 44A–C ) evenly curved, with light prolateral band, distally widened and semitransparent, with dorsal brush of pseudotrichia ( Figs 11B , 32E–F ; barely visible in dissecting microscope); genital bulb ( Fig. 44D–F ) with short but distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, with simple embolus ending in two semitransparent tips. LEGS . Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with many short vertical hairs on tibia 1 ( Fig. 16B–C ); retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 54%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~3–4 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in seven males (incl. holotype ): 1.60–1.83 (mean 1.69). Female In general, similar to male ( Fig. 25G ) but clypeus unmodified and tibiae with few short vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in 13 females : 1.30–1.50 (mean 1.42). Epigynum ( Fig. 46A–B ) anterior plate trapezoidal, posterior margin straight, with deep triangular anterior pocket; posterior plate wide and short. Internal genitalia ( Fig. 46C–H ) with pair of elongate pore plates and pair of distinct lateral membranous sacs; median membranes very thin and indistinct. Distribution Known from type locality only, in Brazil , Bahia ( Fig. 42 ). Fig. 45. Ibotyporanga itatim Huber sp. nov. , male and female from Brazil, Bahia, W of Itatim, ZFMK Ar 24354. A–B . Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C . Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm. Natural history The type locality is a granite outcrop with secondary shrubby caatinga ( Fig. 22C ). Most specimens were found by turning small rocks; a few specimens were collected from roof tiles piled up near a house. Two egg sacs had diameters of 1.8–2.0, were round and slightly flattened, and contained ~12– 15 eggs each, with an egg diameter of 0.58–0.60.