Five new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador Author Peñafiel-Vinueza, Ana Danitza Author Rafael, Violeta text European Journal of Taxonomy 2019 2019-02-01 494 1 18 journal article 28554 10.5852/ejt.2019.494 5600128b-7356-4530-bf52-32f74f7fa9af 2561924 60C94F41-D9CB-471A-BAB7-2D558F2D3357 Drosophila ayauma sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5CEBC281-6F5E-41B8-B837-03ABF2237494 Fig. 7 Diagnosis Body color yellowish brown. Aristae with four dorsal and two ventral branches. Two prominent oral bristles plus terminal fork. Thorax yellowish brown. Abdomen yellow with dorsal midline, 2 nd to 5 th tergites with triangular pigmentation that thins laterally. Cerci not fused to epandrium. Aedeagus wide, with two dorsal sclerotized projections ending in a point, ventrally with two sclerotized rounded sheets. Hypandrium shield-shaped. Gonopod bearing one long bristle. Paraphyses microtrichose, fused to gonopod, bearing one small bristle. Etymology The name ‘ ayauma ’ comes from Kichwa ‘ aya ’ = ‘spirit’ and ‘ uma ’ = ‘head’, meaning ‘spirit from the head’. The apex of the aedeagus resembles two demon horns. Material examined Holotype ECUADOR • ♂ (dissected, terminalia in microvial); Loja Prov., Cajanuma , 2800 m a.s.l. ; 04°06′58.9″ S , 79°10′11.9″ W ; 19 Nov. 2015 ; A. Peñafiel leg.; A. Peñafiel and V. Rafael det.; QCAZ-I 3336. Paratypes ECUADOR • 6 ♂♂ (dissected, terminalia in microvial); same data as for holotype; QCAZ-I 3337 to 3342 • 1 ♂ (dissected, terminalia in microvial); Napo Prov., Río Guango , 2548 m a.s.l. ; 00°32′44.0″ S , 77°57′13.4″ W ; 19 Sep. 2015 ; A.B. Manzano leg.; A. Peñafiel and V. Rafael det.; QCAZ-I 3343 . Description Male Holotype external morphology: total length (body + wings) 7.43 mm , body length 4.22 mm . Body color yellowish brown. HEAD. Aristae with 4 dorsal and 2 ventral branches plus terminal fork and fine hairs. Orbital plate yellowish brown, frontal length 0.37 mm ; frontal index = 1.02; top to bottom width ratio = 1.51. Medial vertical seta closer to lateral vertical seta and slightly towards outer edge of orbital plate; vt index = 0.86; or1–or3 ratio = 0.74; or2–or1 ratio = 0.43. Ocellar triangle brown, ocellus yellow, frontal vitta yellowish brown. Cheek index = 5.9. Two prominent oral bristles of same size, vibrissa index = 0.78. Carina yellowish brown, not sulcate. Eyes bright red, eye index = 1.66. THORAX. Yellowish brown, acrostichal hairs in 8 rows between two anterior dorsocentral setae that decrease in number towards rear. h index = 1.27; dc index = 0.83. Scut index = 1.09. Medial katepisternal seta same size as previous seta, sterno index = 1.47. Legs yellow. WINGS. Brown. Alar length 3.55 mm , alar width 1.51 mm . Alar indices: alar = 2.26; C = 4.98; ac = 1.78; hb = 0.20; 4c = 0.43; 4v = 1.20; 5x = 1.15; M = 0.32 and prox. x = 0.34. ABDOMEN. Yellow with dorsal midline, 1 st tergite brown and 2 nd to 5 th tergites with triangular pigmentation that thins laterally ( Fig. 7A ). MALE TERMINALIA. Epandrium dorsally microtrichose, with no upper or lower bristles, ventral lobe fused to surstylus by a membrane bearing one long bristle. Cerci not fused to epandrium, ventral side not microtrichose and with several long bristles towards middle. Surstylus with 9 primary teeth on each side, 15 marginal bristles on right and 14 on left ( Fig. 7B ). Hypandrium sclerotized, shield-shaped ( Fig. 7C ). AEDEAGUS. Wide, with two dorsal sclerotized projections ending in a point, ventrally with two sclerotized rounded sheets, middle part of aedeagus membranous, covered in bright studs. Ventral rod primitive. Aedeagus apodeme slightly sclerotized and straight. Gonopod microtrichose, bearing one long bristle ( Fig. 7D–F ). Paraphyses microtrichose, fused to gonopod, bearing one small bristle ( Fig. 7C ). Variation in paratypes (dry mounted specimens) Abdomen: other specimens show triangular pigmentation that thins laterally and then reaches and covers exterior margin of each tergite. Head: frontal length 0.22–0.42 mm , frontal index = 0.53–0.84, top to bottom width ratio = 1.2–1.66; cheek index = 5–7.57; vibrissa index = 0.45–0.78; eye index = 1.15–1.64. Distribution Known from the type locality and from the montane forest of Río Guango at 2548 m a.s.l. Relationship to other species The general shape of the male terminalia does not suggest any relationship to other described species of the Drosophila tripunctata group.