Review of the world species of Spaniopus Walker, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), with description of a new species from the Russian Far East Author Tselikh, Ekaterina text Zootaxa 2015 4058 1 41 65 journal article 39271 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.2 c03b8685-e7b1-423d-8db3-8a8c99ee2202 1175-5326 239870 B316C84C-7415-449F-9ABF-5DD600556844 Spaniopus dissimilis Walker, 1833 ( Figs 13–18 , 40–42 ) Spaniopus dissimilis Walker, 1833 : 466 ; lectotype ♂ (BMNH, examined). Type locality: [ Great Britain ] "near London". Spaniopus elegans Foerster, 1856 : 56 ; holotype ♂, perhaps lost ( Bouček 1972: 312 ). Type locality: [ Germany ]. Polyscelis modestus Gahan, 1922 : 11 ; holotype ♀ (USNM, not examined). Type locality: [ USA ] "Pennsylvania, Hanover". Synonymy by Graham (1969: 705) . Description. Female . Body length 1.9–2.4 mm ; fore wing length 1.4–2.0 mm. Colour: head, mesosoma and metasoma dark metallic green with diffuse coppery lustre; antenna with scape yellowish-brown, pedicel and flagellum brown or sometimes hardly paler basally; legs yellowish-brown; fore with or without infuscate spot under M and S; ovipositor sheath dark brown. Head in dorsal view 2.0× as broad as long and 1.15–1.20× as broad as mesoscutum; in frontal view 1.2–1.3× broader than high. POL 1.0–1.1× OOL. Eye height 1.40–1.45× eye length and 1.2–1.3× as long as malar space. Frons 1.4–1.5× broader than eye height. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 0.8–0.9× distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Clypeus radially striate, its lower margin weakly emarginate. Mandible formula 3:4. Antenna with scape 0.9–1.0× as long as eye height and 1.3× as long as eye length; pedicel 1.7× as long as broad and 1.3× as long as F1; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 0.9× breadth of head; second anellus distinctly transverse, about 2.0× as long as first anellus; F1 1.3–1.4× as long as broad, hardly constricted basally; F2 and F3 longer than broad, F4 and F6 subquadrate; each funicular segment with one row of dense sensilla; clava 1.9–2.0× as long as broad. Mesosoma 1.5–1.6× as long as broad. Pronotal collar medially 0.2× as long as mesoscutum. Scutellum finely reticulate, about as long as broad, with noticeable but shallow frenal line. Propodeum medially 0.65–0.70× as long as scutellum; usually with median carina complete, costula rarely complete; nucha subglobose and strongly reticulate, occupying 0.5× length of propodeum. Fore wing 2.3× as long as maximum width; basal cell bare; speculum open; M 1.35–1.56× as long as P and 1.66–1.8× as long as S; P 1.3–1.4× as long as S. Metasoma ovate-acuminate, 1.36–1.53× as long as broad and 1.2–1.37× as long as mesosoma. Ovipositor sheath projecting slightly beyond apex of metasoma. Male . Body length 1.4–1.5 mm . Colour: antenna with pedicel, F1–F6 and clava yellowish-brown; fore wing hyaline; mid tibia brown. POL 1.45–1.5× OOL. Antenna with pedicel 0.9–1.1× as long as F1; F1–F6 longer than broad; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 1.3× breadth of head; clava 2.6–2.8× as long as broad. Mesosoma 1.8× as long as broad. Fore wing with M 1.0–1.1× as long as P. Inner margin of mid tibia more broadly flattened than its outer margin. Metasoma 0.7–0.8× as long as mesosoma. Otherwise similar to female. Material examined. GREAT BRITAIN : 1 ♂ ( lectotype ), “ LECTOTYPE ”, “grass in fields near London August”, “ Spaniopus dissimile Walker ”, “Stood under this name in old B. M. Coll C. Waterhouse”, “ Spaniopus dissimilis (Walk.) ♂ det. M.W.R. de V. Graham, 1956 ”, “B.M. TYPE HYM. 5 1810”, “ BMNH (E) #953702”; 1 ♀, “Ross-shire, Black Isle vii.1951 N.W. Hussey”,“Ex Megastigmus infested seed.”,“Pres by Com Inst Ent B M 1953- 623”,“ Trichomalus near sunides MWG. 1952”, “ BMNH (E) #953704”. SWEDEN : 2 ♀, 2 ♂ , “ SWEDEN . SK. Fjellfota sjö. 31.vii.1938 J.F.P. B.M. 1938-414” (all from BMNH ). RUSSIA : 1 ♀, “Primorskiy Territory, Spassk- Dal’niy, 30 km W, 3–4.VII.1984 , Belokobylskij”; 1 ♀, “Primorskiy Territory, Natural Reserve “Kedrovaya pad’”, 18.VIII.1976 , Storozheva” (both from ZISP ). Distribution. Belgium , Canada , Czech Republic , Germany , Great Britain , Netherland, Russia , Slovakia , Sweden , United States of America ( Noyes 2015 ). Biology. Primary parasitoid of Mayetiola destructor (Say, 1817) ( Diptera , Cecidomyiidae ) ( Thompson 1958 ; Peck 1963 ; Graham 1969 ; Bouček 1972 ; Dzhanokmen 1978 ; Herting 1978 ; Burks 1979 ; Noyes 2015 ); Diplolepis rosae (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Herting 1977 ; Jennings 2004 ; Askew et al. 2006 ; Lotfalizadeh 2007 ; Noyes 2015 ) and Phanacis caulicola (Hedicke, 1939) ( Askew et al. 2006 ; Noyes 2015 ) ( Hymenoptera : Cynipidae ); lepidopteran pupa of Coleophora sp. ( Coleophoridae ) ( Askew 1970 ; Noyes 2015 ) and Elachista poae Stainton, 1855 (Elachistidae) (Vidal 1993; Noyes 2015 ). Secondary parasitoid of hymenopteran Apanteles sp. ( Braconidae ), Platygaster vernalis (Myers, 1917) and P. zosine Walker, 1835 (Platygastridae) ( Peck 1963 ; Noyes 2015 ). FIGURES 13–18. Spaniopus dissimilis Walker (♀ non type, Great Britain). 13 , habitus, lateral view; 14 , habitus, dorsal view; 15 , head and antenna, lateral view; 16 , head and antenna, frontal view; 17 , fore wing; 18 , scutellum and propodeum, dorsal view. The records as egg parasitoids of Erigone atra and E. dentipalpis ( Araneae : Liniphyidae) ( Vidal 1997 ; Noyes 2015 ) should be verified very carefully. Comparative diagnosis . Spaniopus dissimilis is very similar to S. amoenus , the differences between these species being given in the respective keys to the sexes.