Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories Author Guglielmone, Alberto A. 0000-0001-5430-2889 guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar Author Nava, Santiago 0000-0001-7791-4239 nava.santiago@inta.gob.ar Author Robbins, Richard G. 0000-0003-2443-5271 robbinsrg@si.edu text Zootaxa 2023 2023-03-07 5251 1 1 274 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1 journal article 235222 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1 43227427-a867-4744-9e4c-2b2302524890 1175-5326 7704190 3326BF76-A2FB-4244-BA4C-D0AF81F55637 80. Ixodes eldaricus Dzhaparidze, 1950 . Palearctic: 1) Armenia , 2) Azerbaijan , 3) Georgia , 4) Iraq , 5) Israel , 6) Kazakhstan , 7) Kyrgyzstan , 8) Russia , 9) Tajikistan , 10) Turkey , 11) Turkmenistan , 12) Ukraine , 13) Uzbekistan ( Arthur 1959 a , Filippova 1977, Federova 2012, Dilbaryan & Hovhannisyan 2016 , Estrada-Peña et al. 2017 , Keskin & Erciyas-Yavuz 2019 , Tsapko 2020 , Uspensky 2021 ). Filippova (1974) cautioned about confusing Ixodes eldaricus with Ixodes gibbosus , Ixodes redikorzevi and Ixodes ricinus , which may indicate that some reports of these species are misidentifications. Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) added Ixodes festai and Ixodes frontalis to the list of species that can be confused with Ixodes eldaricus . Records of Ixodes eldaricus from Iraq and Israel were reported under the name Ixodes tatei in Arthur (1959a) , as discussed in Guglielmone & Nava (2014) . Filippova (1974, 1977) included Kazakhstan within the range of this tick, but Perfilyeva et al. (2020) did not list Ixodes eldaricus as being found in Kazakhstan , and Keskin & Erciyas-Yavuz (2019) were uncertain whether stable populations of this species exist in Turkey . In the present analysis, both countries, Kazakhstan and Turkey , are provisionally included within the geographic distribution of Ixodes eldaricus . Nowak-Chmura (2012) found this tick in Poland , but there was no evidence of permanent populations in that country. There are also records from Cyprus , but the specimens were collected from migratory birds ( Kolonin 2009 ). Consequently, we do not include Poland and Cyprus within the range of Ixodes eldaricus .