Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records Author Chamorro, William Author Marin-Armijos, Diego Author senjo, Angelico Author Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. text ZooKeys 2019 826 1 343 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.826.26488 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.826.26488 1313-2970-826-1 B1550A3AE54744509A44BC4366D5E110 Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus smaragdinum d'Olsoufieff , 1924 Plate 45C Oxysternon smaragdinum d'Olsoufieff , 1924: 117 (original description. Type locality: Loja, Amazones [= Amazonas]: Pebas). Oxysternon smaragdinum : Balthasar 1941 : 351 (cited for Peru); Blackwelder 1944 : 210 (list of species from Latin America); Balthasar 1951 : 337 (cited for Peru); Vulcano and Pereira 1967 : 569 (characters in key); Arnaud 1982a : 117 (catalog of the types of the MNHN); Vaz-de-Mello 2000 : 194 (cited for Brazil); Vitolo 2000 : 599 (characters in key); Medina et al. 2001 : 140 (cited for Colombia); Vitolo 2004 : 288 (diagnosis); Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009 : 63 (cited as synonym of Oxysternon silenus Laporte de Castelnau, 1840); Solis and Kohlmann 2012 : 7 (cited as synonym of Oxysternon silenus Laporte, 1840); Figueroa et al. 2014 : 130 (cited as synonym of Oxysternon silenus Laporte, 1840). Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus smaragdinum : Arnaud 2002a : 74 (diagnosis); Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 29 (synonym of Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus Laporte, 1840); Arnaud 2004 : 10 (revalidated status); Carvajal et al. 2011 : 322-323 (cited for Ecuador); Ratcliffe et al. 2015 : 197 (cited for Peru); Chamorro et al. 2018 : 83 (figures 6F and 6G), 97 (cited for Ecuador). Type specimens. Oxysternon smaragdinum d'Olsoufieff , 1924. The lectotype (♂) is deposited in the MNHN (see Arnaud 1982a : 117). Locality: Equateur [= Ecuador], Loja, not examined. Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Records examined. CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (5 specimens MECN). ESMERALDAS: Colon del Onzole (7 specimens MECN; 11 specimens MQCAZ); Charco Vicente (8 specimens MECN; 3 specimens MQCAZ); Estacion Biologica Bilsa, 500 m (3 specimens MEPN); Majua (4 specimens MECN; 6 specimens MQCAZ); Palma Real (7 specimens MECN; 11 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro (1 specimen CEMT); Salto del Bravo (5 specimen MECN); Tsejpi Charco Grande (2 specimens CEMT). IMBABURA: El Chontal, El Cauchero, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Lita, 680 m (1 specimen MECN). MORONA SANTIAGO: km 8 road Mendez-Paute, 1250 m (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); San Pedro de Apondio, 1600 m (1 specimen MECN). NAPO: Bosque Protector la Cascada Rio Coca, 640 m (1 specimen MUTPL); southeast of Puerto Napo, 610 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MQ CAZ ). ORELLANA: Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF Parque Nacional Yasuni (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Pindo, 305 m, Pindo Este 1 (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Eden Yuturi , 225 m, Bloque 15 (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estacion Cientifica Yasuni PUCE, 215 m, Parque Nacional Yasuni (21 specimens MQCAZ); Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 280 m, Parque Nacional Yasuni (1 specimen MUTPL); Payamino Research Stn, 300 m (1 specimen CEMT); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (2 specimens CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco, 345 m, Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Shamanal, 345 m Campo Palo Azul (1 specimen MUTPL); San Pedro del Lago, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Yasuni (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglan Alto, 555-950 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PICHINCHA: San Roque Rio Guayllabamba, 580 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBIOS : 6 km de Dureno, 300 m, Precooperativa Los Vergeles (1 specimen MGO-UC); Cuyabeno Campo Hormiga (1 specimen CEMT); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabi , 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tipishca (2 specimens MECN). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: km 4 Zumbi-Yantzaza , 900 m (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (3 specimens MUTPL; 1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi Las Orquideas Rio Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL). Literature records. CARCHI: without specific locality ( Arnaud 2002a : 74). ESMERALDAS: 11 km SE San Lorenzo, Estacion Forestal La Chiquita 5 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31). LOJA: without specific locality ( Arnaud 1982a : 117). LOS RIOS : Quevedo ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31). MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31); km 8 road Mendez-Paute, 1250 m. NAPO: 20 km E Puerto Napo, 450 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31); Tena, 400 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31); 20 km S Tena, 600 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31); 5 km W Tena, 500 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31); Jatun-Sacha, Biological Station, 450 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31); Misahualli Jungle Lodge, 550 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31). NAPO [= ORELLANA]: Estacion Cientifica Yasuni , 215 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31). NAPO [= SUCUMBIOS ]: Limoncocha, 250 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31). PASTAZA: Ashuara, Rio Macuma 10 km hacia el Rio Morona, 300 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31); 25 km NNE Puyo, 1000 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31); PICHINCHA [= SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSACHILAS ]: Tinalandia, 680 m, 16 km E Santo Domingo de los Colorados ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31). SUCUMBIOS : Cuyabeno, 270 m ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Sabanilla ( Edmonds and Zidek 2004 : 31). Temporal data. Collected every month of the year. Remarks. Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 5-680 m a.s.l. In the Amazon, it was recorded in the lowland evergreen forests, the foothill evergreen forests, and evergreen lower montane forests from 215-1700 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.