A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Author Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Author Whitfield, James B. Author Janzen, Daniel H. Author Winifred Hallwachs, Author Dyer, Lee A. Author Smith, M. Alex Author Hebert, Paul D. N. Author Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. text ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 1313-2970-890-1 FD8F695311F64DF2950F6A387340BCE5 2691DADB7BA352BEBA377C901FC0AC97 Glyptapanteles andydeansi Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 16 , 17 Female. Body length 3.5 mm , antenna length 3.85 mm , fore wing length 3.7 mm . Type material. Holotype : COSTA RICA • 1♀ ; 03-SRNP-20108, DHJPAR0000037; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector Pitilla , Estacion Pitilla ; rain forest; 675 m ; 10.98931 , -85.42581 ; 11.vii.2003 ; Petrona Rios leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; mass of cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle, but not to each other, and fall off easily, formed on 26.vii.2003 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 01.viii.2003 ; ( CNC ) . Paratypes . • 30 ( 4♀ , 5♂ ) ( 20♀ , 1♂ ); 03-SRNP-20108, DHJPAR0000037; same data as for holotype; ( CNC ) . Other material. Reared material. COSTA RICA : Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector Pitilla , Estacion Pitilla : • 1 ( 1♀ , 0 ♂ ) (0 ♀ , 0 ♂ but many pieces in alcohol, website said 58 in total emerged); 03-SRNP-20107, DHJPAR0000036; rain forest; 675 m ; 10.98931 , -85.42581 ; 11.vii.2003 ; Petrona Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 24.vii.2003 . • 26 ( 5♀ , 1♂ ) ( 20♀ , 0 ♂ ); 03-SRNP-20109, DHJPAR0000038; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar collected in second instar; large number of single white cocoons not fluffy, but very close together that fall easily off the living larva and formed on 28.vii.2003 and adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 01.viii.2003 . • 7 ( 2♀ , 4♂ ) ( 1♀ , 0 ♂ ); 03-SRNP-20132, DHJPAR0000039; same data as for preceding except: 12.vii.2003 ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; isolated white tight elongated cylinders that stick to the back of the caterpillar in the last instar; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.xii.2003 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Pitilla , Ingas : • 190 ( 5♀ , 5♂ ) ( 180♀ , 0 ♂ ); 11-SRNP-31470, DHJPAR0042952; rain forest; 580 m ; 11.00311 , -85.42041 ; 23.v.2011 ; Freddy Quesada leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons formed on 06.vi.2011 and adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 11.vi.2011 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Pitilla , Sendero Orosilito : • 108 ( 5♀ , 0 ♂ ) ( 103♀ , 0 ♂ ); 11-SRNP-31486, DHJPAR0045148; rain forest; 900 m ; 10.98332 , -85.43623 ; 25.v.2011 ; Manuel Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 19.vi.2011 and adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 23.vi.2011 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Alajuela , Sector Rincon Rain Forest , Sendero Anonas : • 41 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 29♀ , 6♂ ); 03-SRNP-11971, DHJPAR0000269; 405 m ; 10.90528 , -85.27882 ; 01.viii.2003 ; Osvaldo Espinoza leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; many white cocoons adhered lightly to the back of the caterpillar and bunched, formed on 03.viii.2003 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 11.viii.2003 . Diagnosis. Scutellar punctation distinct peripherally, absent centrally ( Fig. 16G ), area just behind transscutal articulation smooth and shiny ( Figs 16G, H , 17F ), inner margin of eyes straight throughout ( Fig. 16B ), vertex in dorsal view narrow ( Figs 16D , 17C ), lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Fig. 16J, K ), and fore wing with r vein straight, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a stub ( Fig. 16N ). Figure 16. Glyptapanteles andydeansi sp. nov. female 03-SRNP-20108 DHJPAR0000037 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Ventrolateral view D Dorsolateral view E Hind coxa, lateral view F Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view G Mesonotum, dorsal view H, L Metasoma H Dorsolateral view L Lateral view I Flagellomeres J T1-3 dorsolateral K, M Metasoma K Dorsal view M Lateral view N, O Wings N Fore O Hind. Figure 17. Glyptapanteles andydeansi sp. nov. male 03-SRNP-20108 DHJPAR0000037 A Habitus B, C Head B Lateral view C Dorsal view D Hind coxa, lateral view E Genitalia: parameres, lateral view F, G, I Mesosoma F Dorsolateral view G Ventrolateral view I Lateral view H T1-3 laterodorsal view J Metasoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind. Coloration ( Fig. 16A, B, K ). General body coloration brown-black, except scape, pedicel, mandibles, propleuron, BS , lunules, PFM and BM with light brown tints; ventral edge of mesopleuron, metasternum, and distal edge of mesoscutum reddish brown; maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow. Eyes purple (in preserved specimen) and ocelli yellowish. Fore legs yellow except brown claw; middle legs yellow although tarsomeres yellow-brown; hind legs yellow except coxae brown (distally yellow-brown and proximally light brown), small area on the apex of the femora brown, distal half of tibiae and all tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 brown and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown, adjacent area wide and with contours well-defined, and lateral ends brown; T3 and remaining terga medially with an area dark brown wider proximally than distally, and sublateral areas yellow; however on T4 and beyond that brown area is narrower than T3; T3 and beyond distally with a narrow yellowish transparent band. In lateral view, all terga yellow. All sterna yellow, although hypopygium medially brown. Description. Head ( Fig. 16 B-D , I ). Head triangular with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.23:0.07, 0.22:0.07, 0.23:0.07), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.14:0.05, 0.12:0.05), antenna longer than body (3.85, 3.50); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, with scattered and fine sculpture, interspaces smooth and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide with punctate sculpture and interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes straight throughout; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.10, 0.14). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally narrow. Mesosoma ( Fig. 16G, H, L ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Distal 1/3 of mesoscutum with lateral margin slightly dented, punctation distinct throughout, and interspaces smooth. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS , in profile flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, scutellar punctation distinct peripherally, absent centrally, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM ; ATS demilune with a little, complete parallel carinae; dorsal ATS groove with carinae only proximally. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae; area just behind transscutal articulation with a smooth and shiny sloped transverse strip. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM ; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved with fine sculpture and distal half rugose and with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha without distinct short radiating carinae. Pronotum virtually without trace of dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron finely sculptured only ventrally and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and shallow, but visible; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped. Legs ( Fig. 16A, E ). Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire without seta, proximally narrow and distally wide, and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.06). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface, dorsal outer depression absent. Inner spur of hind tibia much longer than outer spur (0.24, 0.17); entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal as fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.11). Wings ( Fig. 15N, O ). Fore wing with r vein straight; 2RS vein slightly convex to convex; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see; vein 2-1A present only proximally as spectral vein; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, incomplete/broken, and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe very narrow subdistally and subproximally evenly convex, and setae evenly scattered in the margin. Metasoma ( Fig. 16J, K, M ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only distally, evenly narrowing distally and apex truncate (length 0.35, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.09), petiole with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition (length median area 0.10, length T2 0.18), edges of median area polished, median area broader than long (length 0.10, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.08); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.25, 0.18) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense. Cocoons. Light (white, beige, or yellow) oval cocoons with silk fibers evenly smooth. Mass of tight elongate cylindrical cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle, but not to each other; cocoons fall easily off the living larva. Comments. Some females (e.g., 09-SRNP-11971) with additional obvious reddish brown tints in both dorsal and ventral furrows of the pronotum, the epicnemial ridge and the mesopleuron. In lateral view, T4 and beyond with a narrow medial brown area. Male ( Fig. 17 A-L ). Similar in coloration to female; however, genitalia and the two last distal sterna partly brown. Dorsally, T4 and beyond with brown medial areas more extensive than in females, also sublateral and lateral areas yellow-brown. In other males, T4 and beyond the medial brown area is not well delimited or even inexistent. Etymology. Andrew (Andy) Robert Deans' research has been focused largely on Evaniidae but includes the microgastrine genus Alphomelon. Currently, he is a professor and director of the Frost Entomological Museum at the Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA . Distribution. The parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica , ACG, Sector Pitilla ( Estacion Pitilla, Ingas, and Sendero Orosilito) and Sector Rincon Rain Forest (Sendero Anonas ), during July-August 2003 and May 2011 at 405 m , 580 m , 675 m , and 900 m in rain forest. Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Host. Enyo ocypete (L.), Pachygonidia drucei Rothschild & Jordan and Aleuron carinata (Walker) ( Sphingidae : Macroglossinae ) feeding on Doliocarpus multiflorus ( Dilleniaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in second, third, fourth and fifth instar.