A catalogue of the species of Mesostigmata (Arachnida, Acari, Parasitiformes) recorded from Ireland including information on their geographical distribution and habitats Author Bolger, Thomas Author Arroyo, Julio Author Piotrowska, Katarzyna text Zootaxa 2018 2018-11-12 4519 1 1 220 journal article 27974 10.11646/zootaxa.4519.1.1 8220491b-5980-4abe-b775-9fe2dada790d 1175-5326 2609574 2F1A769C-2649-462B-87E8-402F6A4AF35E Subgenus Valigamasus Karg, 1993 • Leptogamasus ( Valigamasus ) pannonicus (Willmann, 1951) • Original name : Pergamasus pannonicus Willmann, 1951 . • In : Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften . Mathematisch -Naturwissenschaftliche Classe . Abt , 160: 97. Irish Records : Organic horizon under Sitka spruce ( Arroyo et al ., 2008 ). Counties: Laois . Lysigamasus Karg, 1971 • Lysigamasus armatus Halbert, 1915 • Original name : Gamasus runciger var. armatus Halbert, 1915 . • In : Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy , 31: 51. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus armatus Halbert : Cunningham, 1975 ; Ganley, 1976; Curry, 1976a ; Purvis, 1978 ; Breslin, 1979 ; Curry, 1979; O’Neill, 1981 ; Heneghan, 1994 ; O’Connell, 1994), Paragamasus armatus Halbert ( Curry & O’Neill, 1979 ; Bolger, 1980; Purvis, 1982 ; Skorupski & Lux- ton, 1998), Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) armatus Halbert ( Whelan, 1976 ) . Irish Records : Under bark of decaying fir tree and in rotten wood ( Halbert, 1915 ); pasture ( Cunningham, 1975 ; Curry, 1976a ; Ganley, 1976 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Curry & O’Neill, 1979 ; Bolger, 1980; O’Neill, 1981 ; Piotrowska, 2009 ); pasture on peat ( Whelan, 1976 ); manure on soil surface (Curry, 1979); soil of sugar beet crop ( Breslin, 1979 ); soil under birch, horse chestnut, oak and pine (unpublished data); Iris bog at seashore ( Purvis, 1982 ); soil under Norway spruce ( Heneghan, 1994 ); soil in broadleaved woodland, Leyland cypress, Western hemlock, Monterey pine and pasture (unpublished data); woodland, rough grassland, under bracken, Sphagnum , cliff (Bolger, in press); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 , unpublished data); moss on Sitka spruce ( Arroyo et al ., 2010 ). Counties: Carlow, Cork, Dublin, Galway, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Mayo, Meath, Wexford, Wicklow . • Lysigamasus celticus ( Bhattacharyya, 1963 ) • Original name : Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) celticus Bhattacharyya, 1963 . • In : Bulletin of the British Museum ( Natural History ) Zoology , 11: 192. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus celticus Bhattacharyya ( Curry, 1969a ; Ganley, 1976; Heneghan, 1994 ; O’Connell, 1994 ; Heneghan & Bolger, 1996a ), Paragamasus celticus (Bhattacharyya) ( Purvis, 1982 ; Skorupski & Luxton, 1998 ). Irish Records : Pines and rhododendrons ( Bhattacharyya, 1963 ); pasture ( Curry, 1969a ; Ganley, 1976 ; unpublished data); Iris bog at seashore ( Purvis, 1982 ); soil under Norway spruce ( Heneghan, 1994 ; Heneghan & Bolger, 1996a , unpublished data); pasture, rough grazing, coniferous forest and arable soils ( Arroyo et al ., 2009 ); nest of Lasius flavus and pasture ( Arroyo et al ., 2015 ); arable soil, wet pasture; rough grassland, cliff, woodland (Bolger, in press); fungal fruiting body (unpublished data); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ); moss on soil under oak, ash and Scots pine; soil under Sitka spruce, Scots pine ( Arroyo et al ., 2012 , 2013a ); fixed and fore dunes of Machair system ( Arroyo & Bolger, 2011 ); riverbank (unpublished data); Atlantic blanket bog, raised bog and fen ( Wisdom, 2010 ; Wisdom et al ., 2011 ). Counties: Clare, Cork, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Limerick, Mayo, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, Tipperary, Wexford, Wicklow . • Lysigamasus conus (Karg, 1971) • Original name : Pergamasus conus Karg, 1971 . • In : Die Tierwelt Deutschlands , 59: 378. Irish Records : Soil under birch, oak and mixed broadleaves (unpublished data). Counties: Dublin, Wexford . • Lysigamasus digitulus (Karg, 1963) • Original name : Pergamasus digitulus Karg, 1963 . • In : Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift , 10: 78. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus cambriensis Bhattacharyya ( Curry, 1969a ; Ganley, 1976 ; Emmanuel, 1977 ; Whelan 1986 ; O’Connell, 1994 , Little & Bolger, 1995 ), Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) cambriensis Bhattacharyya ( Whelan, 1976 , 1978 , 1985 ), Paragamasus digitulus Karg ( Purvis, 1982; Skorupski & Luxton, 1998 ). Irish Records : Pasture ( Curry, 1969a ; Ganley, 1976 ; Piotrowska, 2009 ); pasture on peat ( Whelan, 1976 , 1978 , 1985 , 1986 ); hedgerow around and soil in barley field ( Emmanuel, 1977 ); pasture, gorse bank and Salix ditch at seashore ( Purvis, 1982 ); ash and spruce woodland and pasture (unpublished data, Little & Bolger, 1995 ); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ); riverbank (unpublished data). Counties: Cork, Dublin, Kildare, Wexford . • Lysigamasus femoratus ( Bhattacharyya, 1963 ) • Original name : Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) femoratus Bhattacharyya, 1963 . • In : Bulletin of the British Museum ( Natural History ) Zoology , 11:197. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus femoratus Bhattacharyya ( Curry, 1969a , b , 1973 ; Cunningham, 1975 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Tuohy, 1979 ; Bolger, 1985 ; McCarthy, 2004 ), Paragamasus femoratus Bhattacharyya (Bolger, 1980). Irish Records : Moss on lakeside rocks ( Bhattacharyya, 1963 ); pasture ( Curry, 1969a , b , 1973 ; Cunningham, 1975 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Tuohy, 1979 ; Bolger, 1980, unpublished data); Salix litter on peat ( Bolger, 1985 ); in soil under Norway spruce ( McCarthy, 2004 ). Counties: Clare, Kildare, Kilkenny, Meath . • Lysigamasus lapponicus (Trägårdh, 1910) • Original name : Pergamasus lapponicus Trägårdh, 1910 . • In : Naturwissenschaften Untersuchungen Sarekgeberg , 4: 408. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) lapponicus Trägårdh ( Halbert, 1915 ; Hull, 1918 , Valarasan, 1971 , Pergamasus lapponicus (Trägårdh) ( Ganley, 1976 ; O’Connell, 1994 ; O’Connell & Bolger, 1997b ), Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) lapponicus Trägårdh ( Whelan, 1976 ) , Pergamasus lapponicus Trägårdh ( Curry, 1969a , b , 1973 ; Purvis, 1978 ) Paragamasus lapponicus (Trägårdh) ( Breslin, 1979 ; Purvis, 1982 ; Skorupski & Luxton, 1998 ). Irish Records : Under bark and in fir cones ( Halbert, 1915 ); lakeside ( Halbert, 1915 ); pasture ( Curry, 1969a, b , 1973 ; Valarasan, 1971 ; Ganley, 1976 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Piotrowska, 2009 ); pasture on peat ( Whelan, 1976); soil of sugar beet crop ( Breslin, 1979 ); Iris bog, bracken bed and Salix ditch at seashore ( Purvis, 1982); rough grassland, cliff (Bolger, in press); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ; O’Connell & Bolger, 1997b, unpublished data); soil under Norway spruce ( Heneghan, 1994, unpublished data ); soil in spruce and broadleaved woodland (unpublished data). Counties: Carlow, Dublin, Galway, Kildare, Kilkenny, Mayo, Wexford, Wicklow . • Lysigamasus londonensis ( Bhattacharyya, 1963 ) • Original name : Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) londonensis Bhattacharyya, 1963 . • In : Bulletin of the British Museum ( Natural History ) Zoology , 11: 207. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus londonensis Bhattacharyya ( Ganley, 1976 ) . Irish Records : Pasture ( Ganley, 1976 ); soil under Sitka spuce and mixed broadleaved and coniferous stands (unpublished data). Counties: Dublin, Wexford . • Lysigamasus misellus (Berlese, 1904) • Original name : Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) misellus Berlese, 1904 . • In : Redia 1: 237. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus misellus Berlese ( Curry, 1969a ; Ganley, 1976 ; Breslin, 1979 ), Paragamasus misellus (Berlese) (Bolger, 1980; Purvis, 1982 ; Skorupski & Luxton, 1998 ). Irish Records : Pasture ( Curry, 1969a ; Ganley, 1976 ; Bolger, 1980); soil of sugar beet crop ( Breslin, 1979 ); soil under birch, pine and mixed braodleaved and coniferous stands (unpublished data); Salix ditch at seashore ( Purvis, 1982 ); soil under oak ( Arroyo et al ., 2012 , 2013a ). Counties: Carlow, Dublin, Kerry, Kildare, Wexford . • Lysigamasus nasellus (Karg, 1968) • Original name : Pergamasus nasellus Karg, 1968 . • In : Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift , 15: 338. Irish Records : Pasture ( Piotrowska, 2009 ). Counties: Wexford . • Lysigamasus parrunciger ( Bhattacharyya, 1963 ) • Original name : Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) parrunciger Bhattacharyya, 1963 . • In : Bulletin of the British Museum ( Natural History ) Zoology , 11: 216. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus parrunciger Bhattacharyya ( Curry, 1969a , b ; O’Connell, 1994 ), Paragamasus parrunciger Bhattacharyya (Bolger, 1980) . Irish Records : Pasture ( Curry, 1969a , b ; Bolger, 1980); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ); soil under Lawson cypress (unpublished data). Counties: Kildare, Wexford . • Lysigamasus processiferus ( Halbert, 1915 ) • Original name : Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) processiferus Halbert, 1915 • In :. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy , 31: 54. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) processiferus Halbert ( Halbert, 1915; Hull, 1918 ). Irish Records : Amongst moss ( Halbert, 1915 ); pasture ( Piotrowska, 2009 ). Counties: Mayo, Wexford . • Lysigamasus puerilis (Karg, 1963) • Original name : Pergamasus puerilis Karg, 1963 . • In : Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift , 10: 74. Irish Records : Soil under conifers (unpublished data). Counties: Dublin . • Lysigamasus runcatellus (Berlese, 1903) • Original name : Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) runcatellus Berlese, 1903 • In : Redia , 1: 237. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) runcatellus Berlese ( Halbert, 1915; Hull, 1918 ), Paragamasus runcatellus (Berlese) ( Purvis, 1982 ) , Paragamasus teutonicus Willmann ( Longworth, 1973 ; Curry, 1976a , 1979; Bolger, 1980; Kelly & Curry, 1985 ; Whelan 1986 ; Curry & Momen, 1988; Curry et al ., 1989 ), Pergamasus teutonicus Willmann ( Cunningham, 1975 ; Ganley, 1976 ; O’Neill, 1981 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Tuohy, 1979 ; Purvis & Curry, 1980 , 1981 ; O’Connell, 1994 ), Pergamaus ( Paragamasus ) teutoni- cus Willmann ( Whelan, 1976 , 1978 , 1985 ). Irish Records : Amongst moss ( Halbert, 1915 ); pasture ( Cunningham, 1975 ; Curry, 1976a ; Ganley, 1976 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Tuohy, 1979 ; Purvis & Curry, 1980 ; Bolger, 1980; O’Neill, 1981 ; Piotrowska, 2009 ); pasture on cutaway peat ( Whelan, 1976 , 1978 , 1985 , 1986 ; Curry & Momen, 1988 ; Curry et al ., 1989 ); manure on soil surface (Curry, 1979); Sphagnum , heather, pine shelter belt and pasture ( Longworth, 1973 ); dune, pasture, Iris bog, bracken bed and Salix ditch at seashore ( Purvis, 1982 ); winter wheat crop ( Kelly & Curry, 1985 ); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ); soil under Norway spruce ( McCarthy, 2004 ). Counties: Cork, Dublin, Galway, Kildare, Mayo, Meath, Offaly, Wexford . • Lysigamasus runciger (Berlese, 1904) • Original name : Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) runciger Berlese, 1904 . • In : Redia , 1: 263. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus runciger Berlese ( Hull, 1918 ; Valarasan, 1971 ; Cunningham, 1975 ; Curry, 1976a , b ; Ganley, 1976 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Tuohy, 1979 ; Curry, 1979; Curry & O’Neill, 1979 ; O’Neill, 1981 ; Bolger & Curry, 1984 ; Heneghan, 1994 ; O’Connell, 1994 ; O’Connell & Bolger, 1997b ), Paragamasus runciger Berlese ( Curry & O’Neill, 1979 ; Bolger, 1980; Purvis, 1982 ; Skorupski & Luxton, 1998 ). Irish Records : Pasture ( Valarasan, 1971 ; Cunningham, 1975 ; Curry, 1976a , b ; Ganley, 1976 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Curry & O’Neill, 1979 ; Tuohy, 1979 ; Bolger, 1980; Bolger & Curry, 1984 ; O’Neill, 1981 ; Piotrowska, 2009 ); manure on soil surface (Curry, 1979); Iris bog at seashore ( Purvis, 1982 ); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ; O’Connell & Bolger, 1997b ); soil under Norway spruce ( Heneghan, 1994 ); pasture and coniferous forest soils ( Arroyo et al ., 2009 ); moss on soil, moss on tree and in soil under Sitka spruce ( Arroyo et al ., 2010 , 2012, 2013a); nest of Lasius flavus and pasture ( Arroyo et al ., 2015 ). Counties: Cavan, Cork, Dublin, Galway, Kilkenny, Kildare, Laois, Limerick, Meath, Sligo, Tipperary, Wexford, Wicklow . • Lysigamasus schweizeri Bhattacharyya, 1963 • Original name : Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) schweizeri Bhattacharyya, 1963 . • In : Bulletin of the British Museum ( Natural History ) Zoology , 11: 225. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus schweizeri Bhattacharyya ( Heneghan, 1994 ) . Irish Records : Soil under Norway spruce ( Heneghan, 1994 ). Counties: Kilkenny. • Lysigamasus truncus (Schweizer, 1961) • Original name : Pergamasus truncus Schweizer, 1961 . • In : Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft , 84: 44. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) truncus Schweizer ( Longworth, 1973 ; Cusack, 1974 ; Cusack et al ., 1975 ; Heneghan, 1994 ; Skorupski & Luxton, 1998 ). Irish Records : Pine shelter belt on bog ( Longworth, 1973 ); farm grain store ( Cusack, 1974 ; Cusack et al ., 1975 ); fungal fruiting body (unpublished data); soil under Norway spruce ( Heneghan, 1994; unpublished data ); pasture ( Piotrowska, 2009 ); soil under Leyand cypress, Monterey pine, Sitka spruce and pasture (unpublished data). Counties: Kilkenny, Mayo, Wexford, Wicklow. • Lysigamasus vagabundus (Karg, 1968) • Original name : Pergamasus vagabundes [sic] Karg, 1968. • In : Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift , 15: 342. Irish Records : Arable soil ( Arroyo et al ., 2009 ). Counties: Kilkenny . • Lysigamasus wasmanni (Oudemans, 1902) • Original name : Parasitus wasmanni Oudemans, 1902 . • In : Tijdschrift voor entomologie , 45: 39. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus wasmanni (Oudemans) ( Heneghan, 1994 ) . Irish Records : Soil under Norway spruce ( Heneghan, 1994 ). Counties: Kilkenny . Neogamasus Tichomirov, 1969 • Neogamasus insignis (Holzmann, 1969) • Original name : Eugamasus insignis Holzmann, 1969 . • In : Acarologie . Schriftenreihe für Vergleichende Milbenkunde , 13: 20. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Parasitus ( Neogamasus ) insignis (Holzman) ( Piotrowska, 2009). Irish Records : Pasture ( Piotrowska, 2009 ). Counties: Wexford . Paragamasus Hull, 1918 • Paragamasus alpestris (Berlese, 1904) • Original name : Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) alpestris Berlese, 1904 . • In : Redia , 1: 236. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) alpestris Berlese ( Halbert, 1915 ) , Pergamasus alpestris Berlese ( Hull, 1918 , Valarasan, 1971 , Heneghan, 1994 ), Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) alpestris Berlese ( Whelan, 1976 ) . Irish Records : Moss ( Halbert, 1915 ); pasture ( Valarasan, 1971 ); Sphagnum on bog ( Longworth, 1973 ); pasture on peat ( Whelan, 1976 ); bracken bed at seashore ( Purvis, 1982 ); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994); soil under Norway spruce ( Heneghan, 1994 ); moss on Sitka spruce ( Arroyo et al ., 2010 ). Counties: Dublin, Kilkenny, Laois, Mayo, Wexford . • Paragamasus diversus ( Halbert, 1915 ) • Original name : Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) diversus Halbert, 1915 . • In : Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy , 31: 53. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus diversus Halbert (Halbert, 1915) , Pergamasus diversus Halbert ( Hull, 1918 , Purvis, 1978 , O’Connell, 1994 ). Irish Records : Under stone at lakeside ( Halbert, 1915 ); under pines and rhododendrons ( Bhattacharyya, 1963 ); heather on bog ( Longworth, 1973 ); pasture ( Purvis, 1978; unpublished data ); winter wheat crop ( Kelly & Curry, 1985 ); nest of Lasius flavus and pasture ( Arroyo et al ., 2015 ); mixed broadleaf and ash woodlands (unpublished data); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ); soil in winter wheat field (unpublished data); moss on soil under oak and Sitka spruce; soil under ash; moss on oak and Sitka spruce ( Arroyo & Bolger, 2007 ; Arroyo et al ., 2010 , 2012, 2013a). Counties : Carlow, Cork, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Laois, Limerick, Mayo, Sligo . • Paragamasus integer ( Bhattacharyya, 1963 ) • Original name : Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) integer Bhattacharyya, 1963 . • In : Bulletin of the British Museum ( Natural History ) Zoology , 11: 197. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus integer Bhattacharyya ( O’Connell, 1994 ) . Irish Records : Fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ; unpublished data). Counties: Wicklow . • Paragamasus robustus (Oudemans, 1902) • Original name : Parasitus longulus var. robustus Oudemans, 1902 . • In : Tijdschrift voor entomologie , 45: 38. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) robustus Oudemans ( Halbert, 1915), Pergamasus robustus (Oudemans) ( Hull, 1918 ; Valarasan, 1971 ; Heneghan, 1994 ; O’Connell, 1994 ; O’Connell & Bolger, 1997b ). Irish Records : In moss and under pine needles ( Halbert, 1915 ); The Bills Rock ( Halbert, 1915 ); heather, pine shelter belt and pasture on bog ( Longworth, 1973 ); soil under oak, pine, Sitka spruce and mixed stands of broadleaves and conifers (unpublished data); pasture ( Valarasan, 1971; unpublished data ); dune at seashore ( Purvis, 1982 ); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ; O’Connell & Bolger, 1997b ; unpublished data); soil under Norway spruce ( Heneghan, 1994 ); ash woodland (unpublished data); pasture, rough grazing, coniferous forest and arable soils ( Arroyo et al ., 2009 ); small mammal nests (unpublished data); moss on soil under oak and Scots pine; soil under oak, Scots pine and Sitka spruce; moss on Scots pine ( Arroyo & Bolger, 2007 ; Arroyo et al ., 2010 , 2012, 2013a); woodland, cliff and woodland (Bolger, in press); fen, Atlantic blanket bog, raised bog ( Wisdom, 2010 ; Wisdom et al ., 2011 ). Counties: Cork, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Mayo, Offaly, Roscommon, Waterford, Wexford, Wicklow . • Paragamasus rothamstedensis ( Bhattacharyya, 1963 ) • Original name : Pergamasus ( Paragamasus ) rothamstedensis Bhattacharyya, 1963 . • In : Bulletin of the British Museum ( Natural History ) Zoology , 11: 219. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Paragamasus rothamstedensis Bhattacharyya ( Piotrowska, 2009 ) . Irish Records : Pasture ( Piotrowska, 2009 ). Counties: Wexford . • Paragamasus similis (Willmann, 1953) • Original name : Pergamasus similis Willmann, 1953 . • In : Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften / Mathematisch -Naturwissenschaftliche Classe - I, 162: 449. Irish Records : Pasture, rough grazing, broadleaved and coniferous forest ( Arroyo et al ., 2009 ); moss on soil under oak, and Sitka spruce; soil under oak; moss on oak; canopy of oak ( Arroyo et al ., 2012 , 2013a , b ); pasture ( Piotrowska, 2009 ); raised bog ( Wisdom, 2010 ; Wisdom et al ., 2011 ). Counties: Cork , Galway , Kerry , Laois , Meath , Roscommon , Sligo , Tipperary , Waterford , Wicklow . Parasitellus Willmann, 1939 • Parasitellus fucorum (De Geer, 1778) • Original name : Acarus fucorum De Geer, 1778 . • In : Memoires pour servir a I’histoire des insectes . Stockholm, 7: 112. Irish Records : On Psithyrus rupestris (Halbert unpublished notes); on Ottiorynchus sulcatus from a carpet ( Hyatt, 1990b ). Counties: Galway, Wicklow . • Parasitellus ignotus Vitzhum, 1930 • Original name : Parasitus ignotus Vitzthum, 1930 . • In : Zoologische Jahrbücher . Abteilung für Systematik , Geographie und Biologie der Tiere , 60: 40. Irish Records : In the burrow of a sand martin ( Riparia riparia ) ( Hyatt, 1980 ). Counties: Cork . • Parasitellus talparum (Oudemans, 1913) • Original name : Parasitus talparum Oudemans, 1913 . • In : Entomologische Berichten , 3: 333. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Parasitus talparum Oudemans ( Turk & Turk , 1952 ). Irish Records : On Apodemus sylvaticus ( Turk & Turk , 1952 ). Counties: Dublin . Parasitus Latreille, 1795 • Parasitus americanus (Berlese, 1905) • Original name : Gamasus americanus Berlese, 1905 . • In : Redia , 3: 138. Irish Records : Mushroom compost (Hyatt, 1988). Counties: Kildare . • Parasitus beta Oudemans & Voigts, 1904 • Original name : Parasitus beta Oudemans & Voigts, 1904 . • In : Zoologischer Anzeiger , 27: 652. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Parasitus eta Oudemans & Voigts ( Ganley, 1976 ; Whelan, 1976 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Curry & O’Neill, 1979 ; Bolger, 1980; Purvis & Curry, 1980 ) . Irish Records : Pasture ( Ganley, 1976 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Curry & O’Neill, 1979 ; Purvis & Curry, 1980 ; Bolger, 1980; Piotrowska, 2009 ); pasture on peat ( Whelan, 1976 ). Counties: Dublin, Galway, Kildare, Meath, Westmeath, Wexford . • Parasitus coleoptratorum (Linnaeus, 1758) • Original name : Acarus coleoptratorum Linnaeus, 1758 . • In : Systema Naturae 10th edn. Stockholm (Salvii). 1, 618. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Gamasus ) coleoptratorum (Linnaeus) ( Halbert, 1915). Irish Records : Under bark of decaying trees ( Halbert, 1915 ); under stones resting on sand, gravel, and shells on upeer seashore ( Halbert, 1915 , 1920 ); manure on soil surface (Curry, 1979); pasture ( Ganley, 1976 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Bolger, 1980; O’Neill, 1981 ); in compost, on Geotrupes stercorarius , in nest of Starling ( Sturnus vulgaris ) and burrow of sand martin ( Riparia riparia ) ( Hyatt, 1980; unpublished data ). Counties: Clare, Cork, Dublin, Kildare, Mayo, Meath, Sligo, Westmeath, Wexford . • Parasitus consanguineus Oudemans & Voigts, 1904 • Original name : Parasitus consanguineus Oudemans & Voigts, 1904 . • In : Zoologischer Anzeiger , 27: 651. Irish Records : Starling’s nest ( Sturnus vulgaris ) Hyatt, 1980 ); pasture (Bolger, 1980; O’Neill, 1981 ); rotting vegetable matter ( Hyatt, 1990a ). Counties: Clare, Cork, Meath, Wexford . • Parasitus evertsi Oudemans, 1902 • Original name : Parasitus evertsi Oudemans, 1902 . • In : Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde , 1: 283. Irish Records : Flood debris ( Hyatt, 1980; unpublished data ); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ). Counties: Leitrim . • Parasitus fimetorum (Berlese, 1904) • Original name : Gamasus fimetorum Berlese, 1904 . • In : Redia , 1: 238. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Gamasus ) fimetorum Berlese ( Halbert, 1915 ; Hull, 1918 ), Parasitus hibernicus Turk & Turk ( Turk & Turk , 1952) . Irish Records : Under bark ( Halbert, 1915 ); nest of kittiwake ( Rissa tridactyla ) ( Turk & Turk , 1952 ); pasture ( Curry, 1969a ; Purvis, 1978 ; Bolger, 1980); manure on soil surface (Curry, 1979); in nest of Starling ( Sturnus vulgaris ) and burrow of Sand Martin ( Riparia riparia ) and moss on trees ( Hyatt, 1980 and unpublished data ); dune at seashore ( Purvis, 1982 ). Counties: Clare, Cork, Kildare, Mayo, Meath, Westmeath . Wexford . • Parasitus hyalinus (Willmann, 1949) • Original name : Eugamasus hyalinus Willmann, 1949 . • In : Veroeffentlichungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde Bremen , Al: 110. Irish Records : Pasture ( Hyatt, 1980 ; Bolger, 1980; Bolger & Curry; 1984 ) pasture on cutaway peat ( Curry & Momen, 1988 ). Counties: Offaly, Wexford . • Parasitus kempersi Oudemans, 1902 • Original name : Gamasus kempersi Oudemans, 1902 . • In : Tijdschrift voor entomologie , 45: 36. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Gamasus ) Kempersi Oudemans ( Halbert, 1915 , 1920 ; Hull, 1918 ). Irish Records : Under stones and seaweed and amongst moist, shelly sand and gravel on upper levels of seashore ( Halbert, 1915 , 1920 ); rotting seaweed and linestone pavement ( Hyatt, 1980; unpublished data ); dry tidal debris and Armeria tussocks (Healy & McGrath, 1988). Counties: Clare, Cork, Dublin, Mayo, Wexford . • Parasitus loricatus (Wankel, 1861) • Original name : Gamasus loricatus Wankel, 1861 . • In : Sonderabdruck der Sitzungsberichte der kais . Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien , 43: 261. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Eugamasus loricatus Wankel ( O’Farrell & Butler, 1948 ) . Irish Records : Stored foodstuffs ( O’Farrell & Butler, 1948 ); small mammal nests (unpublished data); in nest of Starling ( Sturnus vulgaris ) and burrow of Sand Martin ( Riparia riparia ) and tree litter around roadway (Hyatt; unpublished data). Counties: Antrim, Cork, Derry, Westmeath . • Parasitus lunulatus (J. Müller, 1859) • Original name : Porrhostaspis lunulata Müller, 1859 . • In : Lotos 9: 29. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Eugamasus ) cornutus G. & R. Canestrini ( Halbert, 1915 ; Hull, 1918 ), Eugamasus cornutus (Canestrini) ( Curry, 1969a ; Valarasan, 1971 ; Longworth, 1973 ), Eugamasus lunulatus (Müller) ( Whelan, 1976 ) . Irish Records : Under bark ( Halbert, 1915 ); on seashore (Halbert unpublished notes); pasture ( Curry, 1969a ; Valarasan, 1971 ); pasture on peat ( Whelan, 1976 ); soil in winter wheat field (unpublished data); pine shelter belt and pasture on bog ( Longworth, 1973 ); leaf litter ( Hyatt, 1990a ); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ); soil under horse chestnut, oak and mixed broadleaves (unpublished data). Counties: Carlow , Clare , Dublin , Kerry , Kildare , Kilkenny , Mayo , Sligo . • Parasitus nolli (Karg, 1965) • Original name : Eugamasus nolli Karg, 1965 . • In : Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin , 41: 318. Irish Records : Pasture ( Ganley, 1976 ). Counties: Dublin . Pergamasus Berlese, 1904 • Pergamasus alpinus (Berlese, 1903) • Original name : Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) theseus var. alpinus Berlese, 1903 . • In : Redia , 1: 236. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Pergamasus alpestris Berlese var. alpinus Berlese ( Hull, 1918). Irish Records : In moss ( Hull, 1918 ). Counties: Not specified. • Pergamasus crassipes (Linnaeus, 1758) Berlese, 1906 • Original name : Acarus crassipes Linnaeus, 1758 . • In : Redia , 3: 229 (Male) Redia 3: 232 (Female). Irish Records : Common in moss and under bark ( Halbert, 1915 ); pasture ( Curry, 1976a ; Valarasan, 1971 ; Ganley, 1976 ; Piotrowska, 2009 ); pine shelter bed on bog ( Longworth, 1973 ); pasture on peat ( Whelan, 1976 ); soil in winter wheta field (unpublished data); soil under mixed broadleaved and conferous stands (unpublished data); pasture, broadleaved forest and arable soil ( Arroyo et al ., 2009 ); nest of Lasius flavus and pasture ( Arroyo et al ., 2015 ); rough grassland, heather, cliff, moss (Bolger, in press); under Western hemlock and Norway spruce (unpublished data); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ; O’Connell & Bolger, 1997b ); soil under Norway spruce ( Heneghan, 1994; unpublished data ); moss under oak, ash, Scots pine and Sitka spruce; soil under oak, Scots pine and Sitka spruce; moss on Scots pine, yew and Sitka spruce; canopy of ash, oak and Sitka spruce ( Arroyo & Bolger, 2007 ; Arroyo et al ., 2010 , 2012, 2013a, b); fixed dunes of Machair system ( Arroyo & Bolger, 2011 ); riverbank (unpublished data); raised bog, Atlantic blanket bog and fen ( Wisdom, 2010 ; Wisdom et al ., 2011 ). Counties: Clare, Cork, Donegal, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Limerick, Louth, Mayo, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, Tipperary, Waterford, Wexford, Wicklow . • Pergamasus hortensis Bhattacharyya, 1963 • Original name : Pergamasus hortensis Bhattacharyya, 1963 . • In : Bulletin of the British Museum ( Natural History ) Zoology , 11: 173. Irish Records : Pasture ( Curry, 1969a ). Counties: Kildare . • Pergamasus longicornis ( Berlese, 1906 ) • Original name : Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) crassipes var. l ongicornis Berlese, 1906 . • In : Redia , 3: 232. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus crassipes var longicornis Berlese ( Halbert, 1920). Irish Records : Under stones and decaying seaweeds ( Halbert, 1920 ); moss on rock on lakeshore ( Bhattacharyya, 1963 ); pasture ( Curry, 1969a , 1973 , 1976a ; Valarasan, 1971 ; Cunningham, 1975 ; Ganley, 1976 ; Purvis, 1978 ; Curry & O’Neill, 1979 ; Tuohy, 1979 ; Purvis & Curry, 1980 , 1981 ; Bolger, 1980; O’Neill, 1981 ; Piotrowska, 2009 ); manure on soil surface (Curry, 1979); soil of sugar beet crop ( Breslin, 1979 ); pine shelter bed on bog ( Longworth, 1973 ); soil in saltmarsh ( Healy, 1975 ; Speight & Healy, 1977 ); soil in barley and winter wheat fields ( Emmanuel, 1977 ) unpublished data); dune and Iris bog at seashore ( Purvis, 1982 ); winter wheat crop ( Kelly & Curry, 1985 ); soil under Norway spruce ( Heneghan, 1994 ; McCarthy, 2004 ); small mammal nests (unpublished data); arable soil and cliffs (Bolger, in press); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ; O’Connell & Bolger, 1997b , unpublished data); soil under pasture and Sitka spruce (unpublished data). Counties: Carlow, Clare, Dublin, Galway, Kildare, Kilkenny, Mayo, Meath, Wexford, Wicklow . • Pergamasus norvegicus (Berlese, 1905) • Original name : Gamasus septentrionalis var. norvegicus Berlese, 1905 . • In : Redia , 3, 190. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Amblygamasus ) septentrionalis var. norvegicus Berlese ( Halbert, 1915 ) . Irish Records : In moss ( Halbert, 1915 ); unattributed habitat Kilruddery (Halbert unpublished notes) Counties: Mayo, Wicklow . • Pergamasus noster (Berlese, 1903) • Original name : Gamasus ( Pergamasus ) noster Berlese, 1903 . • In : Redia , 1: 236. Irish Records : Fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ). Counties: Kilkenny . • Pergamasus quisquiliarum (G. & R. Canestrini, 1882) • Original name : Gamasus quisquiliarum Canestrini, G. & R., 1882. • In : Atti del Reale Istituto veneto di scienze , lettere ed arti , Series 5 , 8: 920. Irish Records : Pasture ( Valarasan, 1971 ; Ganley, 1976 ; Bolger, 1980; Piotrowska, 2009 ); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ); soil in winter wheta field (unpublished data). Counties: Carlow, Cork, Dublin, Galway, Meath, Wexford . • Pergamasus septentrionalis (Oudemans, 1902) • Original name : Parasitus septentrionalis Oudemans, 1902 . • In : Tijdschrift voor entomologie , 45: 39. Irish Records : Moss on rock ( Bhattacharyya, 1963 ); pasture ( Curry, 1969a ; Valarasan, 1971 ; Bolger, 1980; Piotrowska, 2009 ); manure on soil surface (Curry, 1979); pine shelter belt and pasture on bog ( Longworth, 1973 ); soil in barley field ( Emmanuel, 1977 ); soil under oak (unpublished data); cliffs, ant nest, rough grassland (Bolger, in press); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ; unpublished data); soil under Leyland cypress, Sitka spruce and pasture (unpublished data); moss on oak and Sitka spruce; moss on soil under oak, ash and Sitka spruce; soil under ash and Sitka spruce; canopy of Sitka spruce ( Arroyo & Bolger, 2007 ; Arroyo et al ., 2010 , 2012, 2013a, b); fore dunes of Machair system ( Arroyo & Bolger, 2011 ); mountain blanket bog ( Wisdom, 2010 , Wisdom et al ., 2011 ). Counties: Clare, Donegal, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Mayo, Meath, Offaly, Roscommon, Wexford, Wicklow . Poecilochirus G. & R Canestrini, 1882 • Poecilochirus carabi G.and R. Canestrini, 1882 • Original name : Poecilochirus carabi G.and R. Canestrini, 1882. • In : Atti del Reale Istituto veneto di scienze , lettere ed arti , Series 5 , 8: 56. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasoides carabi G.and R. Canestrini ( Halbert, 1915 ); Poecilochirus necrophori Vitzthum ( Turk & Turk , 1952 ; Douthwaite, 1966 ). Irish Records : On the carabid Pterostichus niger ( Halbert, 1915 ) ; on Apodemus sylvaticus ( Douthwaite, 1966 ) ; on the burying beetles, Nicrophorus humator and N . investigator , in rat carcasses ( Sleeman, 1983 ); from Nicrophagus investigator ( Turk & Turk , 1952 ; Hyatt, 1990a , b ). Counties: Cork, Kerry, Wexford, Wicklow. • Poecilochirus davydovae Hyatt, 1980 • Original name : Poecilochirus davydovae Hyatt, 1980 . • In : Bulletin of the British Museum ( Natural History ) Zoology , 38: 358. Irish Records : On Nicrophagus investigator ( Hyatt, 1990a ) . Counties: Wexford . • Poecilochirus subterraneus (Müller, 1859) • Original name : Porrhostaspis subterranea Müller, 1859 . • In : Jahresheft der Naturwissenschaftlieben Section der k . k . magr . schles . Gesellschaft fur Ackerbau , Nature - und Landeskunde . 1859: 176. Irish Records : On Nicrophagus investigator ( Turk & Turk , 1952 ; Hyatt, 1990a , b ). Counties: Wexford . Trachygamasus Berlese, 1906 • Trachygamasus ambulacralis (Willmann, 1949) • Original name : Saprogamasus ambulacralis Willmann, 1949 . • In: Veröffentlichungen aus dem Museum für Natur -, Völker - und Handelskunde Bremen , Reihe A , Naturwissenschaften , 1: 137. Irish Records : Seaweed ( Hyatt, 1980 ). Counties: Clare . • Trachygamasus gracilis Karg, 1965 • Original name : Saprogamasus gracilis Karg, 1965 . • In : Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin , 41: 300. Irish Records : Pasture ( Purvis, 1978 ; Bolger, 1980; Bolger & Curry, 1980 ; Hyatt, 1980 ); manure on soil surface (Curry, 1979). Counties: Kildare, Meath, Wexford . Vulgarogamasus Tichomirov, 1969 • Vulgarogamasus burchanensis (Oudemans, 1903) • Original name : Parasitus burchanensis Oudemans, 1903 . • In : Entomologische Berichten , 1: 86. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Eugamasus butleri ( O’Farrell & Butler, 1948 ; Cusack, 1974 ; Cusack et al ., 1975 ; Hughes. 1976 ). Irish Records : Farm grain stores, flour mills and railway wagons which contained grain ( Hughes, 1948 ; O’Farrell & Butler, 1948 ; Evans, 1958 ; Cusack, 1974 ; Cusack et al ., 1975 ; Hyatt, 1980 ). Counties: Antrim, Derry . • Vulgarogamasus immanis (Berlese, 1904) • Original name : Gamasus ( Eugamasus ) immanis Berlese, 1904 . • In : Redia , 1: 262. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Eugamasus ) immanis Berlese ( Halbert, 1915 ; Hull, 1918 ). Irish Records : Under stones, amongst shingle, and in decaying seaweed at high-water mark on seashore ( Berlese 1906 ; Halbert, 1915 , 1920 ). Counties: Cork, Dublin, Galway, Mayo . • Vulgarogamasus kraepelini (Berlese, 1905) • Original name : Gamasus ( Eugamasus ) kraepelini Berlese, 1905 . • In : Redia , 2: 232. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus ( Eugamasus ) magnus Berlese ( Halbert, 1915 ; Hull, 1918 ), Eugamasus kraepelini Berlese ( Curry, 1969a , b ; Valarasan, 1971 ; Purvis, 1978 ), Parasitus kraepelini (Berlese) ( Ganley, 1976 ) . Irish Records : Moss in woodland ( Halbert, 1915 ); on decaying fungi in woodland ( Halbert, 1915 ); pasture ( Curry, 1969a , b ; Valarasan, 1971 ; Ganley, 1976 ; Purvis, 1978 ); fungal sporocarp ( O’Connell, 1994 ; unpublished data). Counties: Dublin , Kildare , Mayo , Westmeath , Wicklow . • Vulgarogamasus oudemansi (Berlese, 1904) • Original name : Gamasus ( Eugamasus ) oudemansi Berlese, 1904 . • In : Redia , 1: 280. Irish Records : Hyatt, 1980 . Counties: Cork . • Vulgarogamasus trouessarti (Berlese, 1892) • Original name : Gamasus trouessarti Berlese, 1892 . • In : Acari ., Myriapoda and Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta , 3: 67. • Combinations/variations used in Irish literature: Gamasus trouessarti (Berlese) ( Halbert, 1915 , 1920 ). Irish Records : Variety of habitats on seashore ( Halbert, 1915 , 1920 ). Counties: Dublin, Galway, Mayo .