Integration or minimalism: twenty-one new species of ghost spiders (Anyphaenidae: Anyphaena) from Mexico Author Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andrés 970DAA18-987A-4819-BE46-A3D399F77409 Understanding Evolution Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands. andres.riveraquiroz@naturalis.nl Author Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando 0B5D4EFE-71E9-4C44-AF70-98C2E7BB37E6 Laboratorio de Aracnología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F. Del. Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Mexico. fap@ciencias.unam.mx text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-25 865 1 94 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 3a63a183-743e-4185-8fdc-1080072ada0a 2118-9773 7867448 845BAE1A-0E6E-484B-BE6D-17F866777B51 Anyphaena rebecae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DA4ABB40-A590-44F2-8591-60B8F70C5CF8 Figs 2C–D , 28–30 , 52 Differential diagnosis Females of A . rebecae sp. nov. are differentiated from those of all species of the pectorosa and pacifica groups by the following features: atrium trapezoidal, hood notched at the center ( Figs 29E–F , 30G–H ). The female of A. franciscoi sp. nov. also has a similar trapezoidal atrium and copulatory duct paths ( Fig. 17E–F ), but differs from that of A. rebecae sp. nov. by the central part of the atrium being convex and its larger size (9.6 ± 1.1). The females of A. sofiae sp. nov. share with both species similar copulatory duct paths and spermathecae proportions, but differ by the oval atrium and copulatory ducts extending beyond the hood ( Fig. 36E–F ). Males can be differentiated by the presence of the following features: median apophysis hook-shaped and with a ventral transparent lamella, ventral tegular projection distal section widest, middle section constricted, retrolateral border with a transparent cuticular edge,prolateral border with a basal protuberance ( Figs 29A–B, D , 30 A–B, D ), RTA posterior branch roughly squared with a spine-shaped process on its anterior border ( Figs 29D, F , 30D ). Ventral tegular projections with broad middle sections and translucent retrolateral edges are also present in A. zorynae and A. zuyelenae Durán-Barrón, Pérez & Brescovit, 2016 ( Durán-Barrón et al. 2016 : figs 5, 9, 12, 16), A. pectorosa and A. pacifica ( Platnick 1974 : figs 51, 55, 59, 63), A. porta sp. nov. ( Fig. 41A ), and A. quadrata sp. nov. ( Fig. 35A ). Median apophysis with transparent lamella is present in A. pectorosa , A. fraterna , A. lacka and A. alachua ( Platnick 1974 : figs 51–58). Similar RTA are present in A. epicardia sp. nov. ( Fig. 24D ). Etymology The species epithet is dedicated to Maria Rebeca Quiroz, mother of the first author. Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♀ ; Veracruz , Calcahualco , Xamaticpac , Plot II; 19.12614° N , 97.06708° W ; alt. 1700 m ; 19–27 Apr. 2013 ; Aracnolab team leg.; oak and tropical wet forest fragment; LUP ; CNAN-T01536 . Allotype MEXICO • ♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; CNAN-T01518 . Paratypes MEXICO • 3 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; CNAN-T01567 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; CNAN-T01569 • 1 ♂ same collection data as for holotype; Atotonilco , Plot I; 19.12569° N , 97.06756° W ; alt. 2300 m ; BEAT ; CNAN-T01568 . Additional material MEXICO • 2 ♂♂ ; Veracruz , Calcahualco , Xamaticpac , Plot I; 19.14172° N , 97.20597° W ; alt. 1710 m ; 19–27Apr. 2013 ; Aracnolab team leg.; oak and tropical wet forest fragment; BEAT • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM035 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM036 • 3 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUP • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM032 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM033 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM034 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; 4–17 Feb. 2014 ; BEAT • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUP • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; BEAT • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM031 • 2 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM040 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM043 • 4 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUP • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM037 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM038 • 2 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM041 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; 4–17 Feb. 2014 ; BEAT . Fig. 28. Anyphaena rebecae sp. nov. A–D . Holotype, ♀ (CNAN-T01536). E–F . Paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01568). A . Dorsal habitus. B . Lateral habitus. C . Ventral habitus. D . Prosoma, anterior view. E . Prosoma, anterior view. F . Prosoma, oblique view. Scale bars: A–C =1.0 mm; D–F =0.5 mm. Description Female Total length 7.8. Carapace light yellow, with two darker bands over cephalic area, around fovea and clypeus, lateral sides without pattern ( Fig. 28A, D ). Sternum surface white, intercoxal triangles present on all legs. Labium brown, white at tip, longer than wide. Endites white, rectangular, broader at tip ( Fig. 28C ). Chelicerae brown without dorsal pattern ( Fig. 28B, D ), promargin with four teeth, retromargin with eight to nine. Legs femora base yellow and covered with darker patches from patella to tarsi. Abdomen dorsum white, hirsute, covered with brown patches, lateral sides with same brown patches diffusing ventrally, ventral surface white, tracheal spiracle in center of abdomen ( Fig. 28A, C ). Epigynal plate anterior area delineated laterally by two faint pits. Atrium trapezoidal. Genital openings at both lateral sides under hood. Copulatory duct slightly curved, with seminal receptacles at half their length, and entering surface of anterior spermathecae. Fertilization ducts short, comma-shaped, and entering lateral surface of spermathecae ( Figs 29E–F , 30G–H ). Cephalothorax length 3.7, thoracic width 3.24, cephalic width 2.34. Clypeus height 0.13. Eye diameters: AME 0.1, ALE 0.15, PME 0.13, PLE 0.13. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.05, ALE–PLE 0.09, PME–PME 0.16, PME– PLE 0.13. Femur lengths: I 3.51, II 3.27, III 2.54, IV 3.32. Leg spination: femur I d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur II d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia III v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus III v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Femur IV d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia IV v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus IV v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Fig. 29. Anyphaena rebecae sp. nov. A–D . Paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01568). E . Holotype, ♀ (CNAN-T01536). F . Paratype, ♀ (CNAN-T01569). A . Pedipalp, ventral view. B . Pedipalp, prolateral view. C . Pedipalp, dorsal view. D . Pedipalp, retrolateral view. E . Epigynum, ventral view. F . Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Fig. 30. Anyphaena rebecae sp. nov. A–F . Paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01568). G–H . Paratype, ♀ (CNAN-T01569). A . Pedipalp, ventral view. B . Pedipalp, prolateral view. C . Pedipalp, dorsal view. D . Pedipalp, retrolateral view. E . Coxae, ventral view. F . Coxae, lateral view. G . Epigynum, ventral view. H . Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D, G–H =0.2 mm; E–F =1.0 mm. Male Total length 6.3. Cephalothorax and abdomen coloration as in female, except yellow chelicerae ( Fig. 28E ). Coxa II tubercle bifurcated. Coxa III tubercle roughly rectangular with median spine. Coxa IV spur bent and located at retrolateral basal corner ( Figs 28F , 30E–F ). Embolus filiform and translucent. Palpal tibia prolateral apophysis present ( Figs 29E–F , 30B–C ). Pedipalp tibia slightly longer than wide. Ventral branch of median tibial apophysis displaced towards proximal border of tibia ( Figs 29A, D , 30A, D ). Cephalothorax length 2.83, thoracic width 2.2, cephalic width 1.0. Clypeus height 0.07. Eye diameters: AME 0.11, ALE 0.15, PME 0.15, PLE 0.15. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.04, PME–PME 0.17, PME–PLE 0.09. Femur lengths: I 3.41, II 3.12, III 2.39, IV 3.17. Leg spination as in female except: femur I r0-2-1. Variation Females (N =10): total length 7.23 (± 1.01), cephalothorax length 2.97 (± 0.2), thoracic width 2.35 (± 0.3), cephalic width 1.19 (± 0.08), femur I 3.28 (± 0.15). Males (N =10): total length 6.49 (± 0.23), cephalothorax length 2.85 (±0.12), thoracic width 2.27 (± 0.11), cephalic width 0.99 (± 0.03), femur I 3.44 (± 0.18). Distribution This species is found in oak and tropical wet forest fragments around Pico de Orizaba Volcano National Park ( Fig. 52 ). Natural history Most specimens were collected over vegetation by direct searching or with a beating tray. This species is present year-round.