Integration or minimalism: twenty-one new species of ghost spiders (Anyphaenidae: Anyphaena) from Mexico Author Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andrés 970DAA18-987A-4819-BE46-A3D399F77409 Understanding Evolution Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands. andres.riveraquiroz@naturalis.nl Author Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando 0B5D4EFE-71E9-4C44-AF70-98C2E7BB37E6 Laboratorio de Aracnología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F. Del. Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Mexico. fap@ciencias.unam.mx text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-25 865 1 94 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 3a63a183-743e-4185-8fdc-1080072ada0a 2118-9773 7867448 845BAE1A-0E6E-484B-BE6D-17F866777B51 Anyphaena noctua sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1C0E8CF3-254F-4193-B505-8272507357B1 Figs 37 , 38C–D , 52 Differential diagnosis Females of A . noctua sp. nov. are differentiated from those of all species of the pectorosa and pacifica groups by the following features: atrium small, lateral borders sinuous, hood triangular, posteriorly curved at the center, genital openings at the posterior margin of the atrium, copulatory ducts short, comma-shaped ( Figs 37E–F , 38C–D ). Etymology The species epithet is derived from the Latin ‘ noctua ’ (‘owl’), in reference to the characteristic shape of the epigynum and atrium that are reminiscent of a horned owl with the spermathecae as its eyes. Fig. 37. Anyphaena noctua sp. nov. , holotype, ♀ (CNAN-T01533). A . Dorsal habitus. B . Lateral habitus. C . Ventral habitus. D . Prosoma, anterior view. E . Epigynum, ventral view. F . Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C=1.0 mm; D =0.5 mm; E–F =0.2 mm. Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♀ ; San Luis Potosi , Xilitla City , Las Pozas ; 21.39722° N , 98.99388° W ; alt. 662 m ; 10–15 Jun. 2012 ; Arcanolab team leg.; tropical wet forest fragment; LUP ; CNAN-T01533 . Description Female Total length 6.1. Carapace light yellow, with two faint darker bands delineating cephalic area and around fovea, ocular quadrangle and clypeus dark brown ( Fig. 37A, D ). Sternum surface white, intercoxal triangles present on all legs. Labium yellow, white at tip, longer than wide. Endites yellow, rectangular, broader at tip ( Fig. 37C ). Chelicerae brown without dorsal pattern ( Fig. 37B, D ), promargin with four teeth, retromargin with seven to eight denticles. Femora base of legs white, orange-yellow distally, darker from patella to tarsi. Abdomen dorsal surface white and covered by diffuse darker pattern, pattern of lateral and ventral surfaces even fainter, tracheal spiracle closer to epigastric furrow ( Fig. 37A–C ). Lateral side of espigynal plate flanked by two faint pits. Seminal receptacles close to genital openings. Fertilization ducts short, cylindrical, and entering posterior surface of spermathecae ( Figs 37E–F , 38C–D ). Cephalothorax length 2.71, thoracic width 2.1, cephalic width 1.1. Clypeus height 0.05. Eye diameters: AME 0.07, ALE 0.11, PME 0.1, PLE 0.11. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–PLE 0.05, PME–PME 0.17, PME–PLE 0.07. Femur lengths: I 2.86, II 2.62, III 2.19, IV 2.95. Leg spination: femur I d1-1-1, p0-0-2, r0-0-1. Tibia I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur II d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1. Tibia II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur III d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Tibia III v1-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus III v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Femur IV d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Tibia IV v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus IV v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Fig. 38. Anyphaena spp. A –B . A. sofiae sp. nov. , paratype, ♀ (CNAN-T01572). A . Epigynum, ventral view. B . Epigynum, dorsal view. – C–D . A. noctua sp. nov. , holotype, ♀ (CNAN-T01533). C . Epigynum, ventral view. D . Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A– B=0.2 mm: C–D =0.1 mm. Male Unknown. Variation Only type specimen known. Distribution Only known from the type locality ( Fig. 52 ). Natural history Collected by beating direct searching over ground vegetation.