Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean
Author
Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8724
Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
l.bribiesca-contreras@nhm.ac.uk
Author
Dahlgren, Thomas G.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-2031
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden & Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE, Bergen, Norway
Author
Amon, Diva J.
SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago
Author
Cairns, Stephen
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-9271
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA
Author
Drennan, Regan
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-5464
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Author
Durden, Jennifer M.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9109
UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Author
Eleaume, Marc P.
Collections & Research, Western Australia Museum, Perth, Australia
Author
Hosie, Andrew M.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-662X
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Author
Kremenetskaia, Antonina
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-3318
School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
Author
McQuaid, Kirsty
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8332
Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
Author
O'Hara, Timothy D.
Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Rabone, Muriel
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-2313
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Author
Simon-Lledo, Erik
UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Author
Smith, Craig R.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-0889
School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Watling, Les
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168
School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Wiklund, Helena
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3504
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Author
Glover, Adrian G.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-074X
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
text
ZooKeys
2022
2022-07-18
1113
1
110
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
1313-2970-1113-1
EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A
Trianguloscalpellum gigas (Hoek, 1883)
Fig. 5
Material.
Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
1 specimen
; APEI 7;
5.0442°N
,
141.8165°W
;
4874 m
deep;
28 May. 2018
;
Smith
&
Durden
leg.;
GenBank
:
ON400698
(COI),
ON406624
(18S); WAM
C74110
;
Voucher
code: CCZ_074
.
Description.
Single specimen, found attached to a glass sponge stalk (Fig.
5A
). Capitulum elongated, longer than wide (L = 8 mm, W = 5 mm), white, with short peduncle (2 mm) covered by large scales (Fig.
5B, C
). Capitulum is formed by 14 capitular plates, and growth lines are not visible. Carina is simply bowed, narrowing distally but being approx. the same breath proximally. The tergum is somewhat oval-shaped, long, ~ 2
x
as long as wide, with pointed basal angle, carinal margin arched, and occludent margin straight. Scutum is somewhat quadrangular, broad, 1.5
x
as long as wide, with occludent margin much longer than the lateral margin. Inframedian latus is triangular, reaching upper latus. Carinolatus triangular, umbo apical, higher than rostrolatus.
Figure 5.
Trianguloscalpellum gigas
(Hoek, 1883). Specimen CCZ_074:
A
in situ photograph, attached to a glass sponge stalk
B
left
C
and right lateral views. Scale bars: 5 cm (
A
); 1 mm (
B, C
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
A
), Hosie (
B, C
). Arrows indicate position of
T. gigas
(specimen CCZ_074; lower, yellow) and
Catherinum cf. albatrossianum
(specimen CCZ_073; upper, green).
Remarks.
The specimen appears to be a juvenile of the species
T. gigas
based on the plate arrangement, although diagnostic characters are not fully developed. There are no sequences available on public databases for
T. gigas
, but the 18S gene sequence is very similar (> 99%) to other species within the family
Scalpellidae
, mostly within the subfamily
Arcoscalpellinae
. However, the COI sequence is highly divergent (> 15% nucleotide divergence and> 3% amino-acid divergence) from published sequences of other species within the subfamily. The phylogenetic tree from concatenated data for COI and 18S recovered a well-supported clade of species of
Anguloscalpellum
and
Trianguloscalpellum
, but did not recover the genera as monophyletic. The type material for
T. gigas
was collected during the H.M.S. Challenger expedition in the middle of the North Pacific (Station 246:
36.1667°N
,
178.0°E
) at 3749 m depth (
Hoek 1883
). The species has been recorded from the Northwest and Southwest Pacific, and the Indian Ocean, from 3310 to 4820 m depth (
Shalaeva and Boxshall 2014
).
Ecology.
The specimen was collected in the sedimented abyssal plain of APEI 7, at 4874 m depth. It was attached to a glass sponge stalk, along with another barnacle (
Catherinum cf. albatrossianum
; specimen CCZ_073), and an anemone (
Metridioidea
stet. CCZ_072; specimen CCZ_072).
Comparison with image-based catalogue.
No exactly similar
Scalpellidae
morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery collected in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of
Trianguloscalpellum gigas
was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,
Trianguloscalpellum gigas
sp. inc., ART_033). However, given the small size of specimen CCZ_074, this morphotype could have easily been i.e., undetected in seabed image surveys conducted in other areas of the CCZ.