Dendropaemon Perty, 1830: taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny of the morphologically most derived phanaeine genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, Phanaeini) Author François Génier Author Patrick Arnaud text Zootaxa 2016 4099 1 journal volume 10.11646/zootaxa.4099.1.1 5d7eab55-66e2-43ed-b764-bac0c6e5b6d6 1175-5326 268274 B73C1BE1-346A-4C89-86B2-51CDACE92877 36. Dendropaemon (Sulcopaemon) haroldi Olsoufieff, 1924 ( Figs. 36 , 98–99, 151, 160) Dendropaemon haroldi Olsoufieff 1924 , Insecta 13: 130 (original description) Dendropaemon haroldi : Blut 1939 , Arch. Naturg. (N.F.) 8: 285 (monograph) Dendropemon haroldi : Blackwelder 1944 , U.S. Nat . Mus. Bull. 185: 210 (checklist) Dendropaemon (D.) haroldi : Edmonds 1972 , Univ. Kansas Sc. Bull. 49: 851 (comment taxonomy) Dendropaemon haroldi : Arnaud 1982 , Rev. Fr. Ent. (N.S.) 4: 117 ( lectotype designation) Dendropaemon haroldi : Martínez & Clavijo 1990 , Bol. Ent. Ven. N.S . 5: 155 (misidentification) Dendropaemon haroldi : Vaz-de-Mello 2000 , Hac. Proy. CYTED : 192 (faunistic) Dendropaemon (D.) haroldi : Arnaud 2002 , Col. Monde 28: 15 (mention) Type locality . Brazil . Diagnosis. Differs from all other species by its small size combined with a strong metallic sheen, lateral pronotal depressions bordered anteriorly with a fine sharp carina and coarsely microsculptured pronotal longitudinal sulcus, elytral striae and interstriae and small rounded and rather deeply impressed pronotal basal fossae. Description . Male lectotype ( Fig. 36 ). Body . Body small, length 7.5 mm , maximum width 3.5 mm ; body subrectangular in dorsal view; dorsum narrowly flat. Color . Dorsal surface brown, glossy, with blue, green and coppery metallic sheen; head brown along anterior edge of clypeus, with green and coppery metallic sheen on remaining surface; pronotum with blue, green and coppery metallic sheen; elytra with blue and green metallic sheen; ventrum reddish brown to dark brown; pygidium with faint greenish metallic sheen; legs reddish brown to dark brown. Head . Clypeus semicircular, anterior portion slightly upturned; clypeal teeth triangular; clypeal median emargination broadly u-shaped, clypeal edge emarginate on external side of each clypeal tooth, clypeal teeth ventral surface with a fine v-shaped carina, clypeal margin ill-defined, lacking sharp carina posteriorly, clypeal surface with transverse blunt rugulae; clypeogenal suture well-defined, bluntly carinate internally; genal surface with ill-defined rugulae and minute tubercles laterally, smooth internally, transversely tumescent; clypeofrontal carina rather low, approximately 4 times wider than high, slightly arcuate in dorsal view, simply carinate, clypeofrontal carina apical edge straight in frontal view; eyes small in dorsal view, interocular ratio 5.0. Pronotum . Pronotum transverse in dorsal view, pronotal width/length ratio 1.3; disc of pronotum finely punctate basally, punctures changing into fine blunt rugulae anterolaterally, with a sharply defines longitudinal sulcus on posterior half; pronotal anterior margin wider and flat lateral to eyes; anterior portion with a medially sinuous sharp carina transversely tuberculate medially; anterior angles surface with fine blunt more or less longitudinal rugulae, slightly but distinctly sulcate along posterior edge of anterior margin; lateral fossae rounded and bordered anteriorly by a sharp carina; lateral portions unmodified; pronotal basal fossae small, rounded and rather deeply impressed; posterior margin ill-defined, lacking setae. Elytra . Elytra approximately as long as wide in dorsal view, elytral combined width/length ratio 0.9; elytral base lacking distinct margin, simply convex; elytral striae 1–4 very wide basally and tapering toward apex, very deeply impressed basally, elytral striae 5 atrophied, lacking fine carina on each side on disc, strial punctures minute, adjacent strial edge encroaching on interval, stria 1 well-defined apically, connecting to marginal stria; interstriae slightly convex, minutely punctate throughout, surface glossy medially, with coarse alutaceous microsculpture along striae. Thoracic sterna . Proepisternal carina absent; metasternal median lobe bluntly angularly produced anteromedially, ventral ridge ill-defined, keel shaped. Legs . Profemur posterior surface convex, glabrous and punctate internally, posterointernal margin rather thin, evenly developed, internal edge rather narrow, with a contiguous row of setae along anterointernal edge, remaining surface smooth along setae. Protibia with four teeth on lateral edge; internal basal angle bluntly lobate; anterior surface lacking aligned row of setae internally, surface coarsely microsculptured between punctures; posterior surface with some ill-defined irregular punctures externally to median carina, surface glossy between punctures, with a single interrupted setal row along lateral teeth. Mesofemur angularly produced on anterointernal edge apically. Mesotibia rather short, gradually widening toward apex in anterior view; anteroapical edge slightly sinuate in anterior view, anteroapical row of setae complete; apicoanterior edge circularly indented internally; external edge more or less rounded, with several large elongate setiferous punctures. Mesotarsus similar in shape to metatarsus, 3-segmented, first segment moderately elongate, approximately two times as long as wide at apex. Metafemur internal edge nearly straight and lateral edge arcuate, lacking distinct depressed area anterointernally before apex, apicoposterior edge unmodified, anterior surface with a well-defined sulcus on more than half the length. Metatibia moderately slender, slightly widening toward apex in anterior view, anterior surface with distinct row of setae, surface glossy externally with distinct transverse microsculpture internally, metatibial posterior surface flat between longitudinal row of setae and lateral edge, with transverse microsculpture. Metatarsus 3-segmented, first segment moderately elongate, approximately two times as long as wide at apex, with anterointernal carina well defined and almost reaching apical edge. Abdominal sternites . Sternites 3–6 longitudinally flat; sternites 4–6 with 1–3 unaligned rows of setae laterally, glabrous medially; sternite 7 deeply longitudinally concave medially, shorter than segment 6 along midline; pygidium finely punctate on disc. Male genitalia (Figs. 98–99). Parameres strongly laterally lobate apically, apex as wide as parameres base in dorsal view; surface smooth, glossy apically. Measurements ( 11 males , 12 females ). Length: male 6.5–9.5 (7.6±0.9), female 6.0–9.5 (7.9±1.0) mm. Primary Type data ( Fig. 151 ). Lectotype male (MNHN): [ Bresil ] handwritten; [LAFERTÉ/ 4822]; [Ex.Musaeo/ DSharp]; [ Dendropaemon haroldi sp. n. / det. G. Olsoufieff] partly handwritten; [Museum Paris/ ex. Coll./ R.Oberthur] green card; [WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00016787]; [ Dendropaemon / haroldi Ols. / LECTOTYPE / P.ARNAUD DET 1982] partly handwritten; [ Dendropaemon ♂/ haroldi / Olsoufieff, 1924 / vid. Génier & Arnaud]. Material examined . BRAZIL : [unspecified locality], [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female , 3 males (incl. lectotype , 1 paralectotype ) ( IRSNB , MNHN , ZMHB ); GOIÁS , Dianópolis, 1/24/1962 , coll. J. & B. Bechyne— 1 male ( BCRC ); Fazenda Monjolinho, Corumbá, ( 15°55'S , 48°48'W ), 8.vi.1942 , coll. F. Lane— 1 male ( CMNC ); Goiatuba, ( 18°0'40''S , 49°22'10''W ), ii.1947 , coll. J. Guérin— 1 male ( CMNC ); Sussuapara [= Bela Vista de Goiás], ( 16°58'22''S , 48°57'10''W ), [no date], coll. Ch . Pujol— 1 female ( MNHN ); Distr. Bezerra, Fazenda Santo Antonio, Formosa , ( 15°18'27''S , 47°11'45''W ), 28.i.–5.ii.2012 , coll. Excursão Diciplina Entomología de Verão— 2 females ( CEMT ); MATO GROSSO, Vale da Solidão, Municipio Diamantino, ( 14°22'31''S , 56°7'30''W ), 31.i.2009 , coll. D.C.T. Oliveira— 1 male ( CEMT ); MINAS GERAIS, circa Poço Bonito, Ingaí, Lavras, ( 21°19'47''S , 44°58'13''W ), xi.2002 , coll. F. Z. Vaz de Mello— 2 females ( CEMT ); Escola Superior de Agricultura de Lavras, Lavras, ( 21°13'58''S , 44°59'36''W ), 22.x.1993 , coll. E.B. Alves— 1 male ( CEMT ); Fazenda Pontinha, Cordisburgo, elev. 700 m ( 19°8'53''S , 44°12'1''W ), xii.1993 , coll. F. Z. Vaz de Mello— 1 female , 2 males ( CEMT ); Lavras, ( 21°14'45''S , 44°59'59''W ), 28.i.1999 , coll. J.N.C. Louzada— 1 female ( CEMT ); same locality, 12.v.2004 , coll. T.C. Pereira— 1 female ( CEMT ); Paracatu, ( 17°13'21''S , 46°52'31''W ), xi.1997 , coll. S. Lourenço jr.— 1 female ( CEMT ); Uberaba, ( 19°45'S , 47°56'W ), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 2 females , 1 male ( CPFA , IRSNB ). Natural history . Unknown, except for a specimen collected in cerrado. Remarks . Females differ in having the anteromedian pronotal carina straighter and the median tubercle less developed. Variation mostly occurs in the metallic tinge which, in the lectotype , varies from yellowish-green to purplishblue. Other specimens studied are more homogenous in coloration. The coarseness and extent of the microsculpture on pronotal longitudinal sulcus and elytral interval varies slightly but are more extensive than in D. nitidicollis , its sister species.